Episodes

  • In the decades immediately following the First Crusade, an isolated and outnumbered Frankish elite managed to establish four new states in the Levant. How were they able to do this? In this mini-series, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton explores the four main contributory factors. In this final episode, he considers the role played by the states' supporters abroad. Just how significant was it?

     

    This episode is the fourth in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did Muslim disunity play?

    Ep.3: What role did political leadership play?

    Ep.4: What role did external support play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    The Crusader States and their Neighbours: A military history 1099-1187

     

    Other recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti

     


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • In the decades immediately following the First Crusade, an isolated and outnumbered Frankish elite managed to establish four new states in the Levant. How were they able to do this? In this mini-series, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton explores the four main contributory factors. In this third episode, he considers the role played by the leaders' political decision-making. Just how skilled were they?

     

    This episode is the third in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did Muslim disunity play?

    Ep.3: What role did political leadership play?

    Ep.4: What role did external support play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    The Crusader States and their Neighbours: A military history 1099-1187

     

    Other recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

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  • In the decades following the First Crusade, an isolated and outnumbered Frankish elite managed to establish four new states in the Levant. How were they able to do this? In this mini-series, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton explores the four main contributory factors. In this second episode, he considers the role played by their Muslim opponents’ disunity.

     

    This episode is the second in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did Muslim disunity play?

    Ep.3: What role did political skill play?

    Ep.4: What role did external support play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    The Crusader States and their Neighbours: A military history 1099-1187

     

    Other recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

    The Field of Blood: The Battle for Aleppo and the Remaking of the Medieval Near East

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • In the decades immediately following the First Crusade, an isolated and outnumbered Frankish elite managed to establish four new states in the Levant. How were they able to do this? In this new mini-series, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton explores the four main contributory factors. In this first episode, he considers the role played by the crusaders’ military skill.

     

    This episode is the first in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did Muslim disunity play?

    Ep.3: What role did political skill play?

    Ep.4: What role did external support play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    The Crusader States and their Neighbours: A military history 1099-1187

     

    Other recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

    The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The First Crusade 1095-99 was an astonishing success against all the odds. Why? In this new mini-series, Dr Thomas W Smith explores the four main contributory factors one at a time and in substantial depth. In this fourth episode, he considers the part played by divisions within the Muslim world at the time. Did they play a crucial role? Or can they be overplayed?

     

    This episode is the fourth in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did religious fervour play?

    Ep.3: What role did Byzantine support play?

    Ep.4: What role did Muslim disunity play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    Re-writing the First Crusade

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Thomas W Smith:

    Curia and Crusade: Pope Honorius III and the Recovery of the Holy Land 1216-27

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The First Crusade 1095-99 was an astonishing success against all the odds. Why? In this new mini-series, Dr Thomas W Smith explores the four main contributory factors one at a time and in substantial depth. In this third episode, he considers the role played by the crusaders’ Byzantine allies. Has their contribution to the crusade’s ultimate success been underplayed?

     

    This episode is the third in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did religious fervour play?

    Ep.3: What role did Byzantine support play?

    Ep.4: What role did Muslim disunity play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    Re-writing the First Crusade

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Thomas W Smith:

    Curia and Crusade: Pope Honorius III and the Recovery of the Holy Land 1216-27

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The First Crusade 1095-99 was an astonishing success against all the odds. Why? In this new mini-series, Dr Thomas W Smith explores the four main contributory factors one at a time and in substantial depth. In this second episode, he considers the role played by the crusaders’ religious fervour. Just how central was it to their inexorable progress and ultimate victory?

     

    This episode is the second in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did religious fervour play?

    Ep.3: What role did Byzantine support play?

    Ep.4: What role did Muslim disunity play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    Re-writing the First Crusade

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Thomas W Smith:

    Curia and Crusade: Pope Honorius III and the Recovery of the Holy Land 1216-27

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The First Crusade 1095-99 was an astonishing success against all the odds. Why? In this new mini-series, Dr Thomas W Smith explores the four main contributory factors one at a time and in substantial depth. In this first episode, he considers the role played by the crusaders’ martial prowess. Just how significant was it in their ultimate victory?

     

    This episode is the first in a mini-series of four. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did military skill play?

    Ep.2: What role did religious fervour play?

    Ep.3: What role did Byzantine support play?

    Ep.4: What role did Muslim disunity play?

     

    This mini-series is based on:

    Re-writing the First Crusade

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Thomas W Smith:

    Curia and Crusade: Pope Honorius III and the Recovery of the Holy Land 1216-27

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Threads: Teach Medieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

    LinkedIn: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses how the Crusader States desperately tried to cling to survival in the face of the rise of Saladin.

     

    This episode is the sixth in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti

     

    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses how the crusaders tried to capture Fatimid Egypt to their south, arguably their last shot at long-term survival.

     

    This episode is the fifth in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti

     

    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses how the crusaders tried to secure their states' survival by instituting a pragmatic approach to governance.

     

    This episode is the fourth in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti

     

    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses how the crusaders tried to increase their states' chances of survival by capturing the inland urban centres of Edessa, Aleppo and Damascus ... with varying degrees of success.

     

    This episode is the third in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti

     

    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses how the crusaders secured their states’ initial survival by capturing the precious ports along the coastline with the help of the Italian city states.

     

    This episode is the second in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • The four Crusader States established in the wake of the First Crusade survived remarkably well until their near total collapse following Saladin’s victory at the battle of Hattin in 1187. In this new mini-series, Dr Steve Tibble explores the strategies that he believes the crusaders consciously formulated and deployed, with varying degrees of success, in order to secure that survival for nearly ninety years.

     

    This episode is the first in a mini-series of six:

     

    Ep.1: Were the crusaders really capable of strategy?

    Ep.2: How did the crusaders take the coast?

    Ep.3: How did the crusaders try to expand inland?

    Ep.4: How did the crusaders rule the Holy Land?

    Ep.5: How did the crusaders try to take Egypt?

    Ep.6: How did the crusaders try to deal with Saladin?

     

    This mini-series is based on Dr Steve Tibble's:

    The Crusader Strategy

     

    Other works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Andrew Jotischky: The Crusading and the Crusader States (2nd Ed.)

    Jonathan Phillips: The Crusades 1095-1204

    Jonathan Riley-Smith: The Crusades: A History

     

    Music by Aroshanti


    Follow us on social media!


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE CRUSADES: Defending Outremer (Ep.3): Steve Tibble discusses his new book on the British Templars!

     

    The Templars had a huge presence right across Western Europe and Britain was no exception. In this special episode, Dr Steve Tibble discusses the ways in which the Templars in Britain supported the continued survival of Outremer from three thousand miles away on their British estates and explores the thrilling exploits in the Holy Land of a number of identifiable British Templars!

     

    This episode is the third in a mini-series of three. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did the Templars and Hospitallers play?

    Ep.2: What role did the Franks’ own tactics and strategy play?

    Ep.3: SPECIAL EPISODE: Dr Steve Tibble discusses his new book on the British Templars

     

    Recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    The Crusader Strategy

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Barber, M., The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple

    Nicholson, H., The Knights Templar

     

    Further listening:

    In Our Time: The Knights Templar

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti.


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE CRUSADES: Defending Outremer (Ep.2): What role did the Franks’ own tactics and strategy play?

     

    Whilst the Military Orders certainly provided a much need injection of discipline, expertise and professionalism into Outremer’s forces, it would be remiss to discount the Franks’ own contribution to their defence. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble explores some of the tactics and strategies they developed and deployed on the battlefields of the Near East. Was the Franks’ own military skill Outremer’s main means of defence?

     

    This episode is the second in a mini-series of three. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did the Templars and Hospitallers play?

    Ep.2: What role did the Franks’ own tactics and strategy play?

    Ep.3: SPECIAL EPISODE: Steve Tibble discusses his new book on the British Templars

     

    Recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    The Crusader Strategy

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Barber, M., The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple

    Nicholson, H., The Knights Templar

     

    Further listening:

    In Our Time: The Knights Templar

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti.


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE CRUSADES: Defending Outremer (Ep.1): What role did the Templars and Hospitallers play?

     

    The Templars and the Hospitallers played a huge role in the defence of the Crusader States and thus their survival for two precarious centuries. In this episode, Dr Steve Tibble explores the ways in which the Military Orders supported the Franks of Outremer’s efforts through both their martial exploits in the Near East and their economic endeavours in the West. Were the Orders Outremer’s main means of defence?

     

    This episode is the first in a mini-series of three. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did the Templars and Hospitallers play?

    Ep.2: What role did the Franks’ own tactics and strategy play?

    Ep.3: SPECIAL EPISODE: Steve Tibble discusses his new book on the British Templars

     

    Recommended works by Dr Steve Tibble:

    The Crusader Armies

    The Crusader Strategy

    Templars: The knights who made Britain

     

    Further reading:

    Barber, M., The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple

    Nicholson, H., The Knights Templar

     

    Further listening:

    In Our Time: The Knights Templar

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti.


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE WARS OF THE ROSES: Bastard Feudalism (Ep1).

     

    The term bastard feudalism has been adopted as a label to distinguish a social structure different from its predecessor in the post‐Conquest period. In this episode of Teach Medieval, Abi is joined by Dr Gordon McKelvie of the University of Winchester to discuss the term and the role that this social structure played in the Wars of the Roses.


    Recommended works by Dr Gordon McKelvie

    History Today, Roses are Red?

    Modern History Review, Henry VII's challenges: the end of the Wars of the Roses

    Historical Association Journal, Fear, Hatred and Strategy during the Wars of the Roses

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE CRUSADES: Urban II and the First Crusade (Episode 3)

     

    On 27th November 1095, at a great council he had summoned at Clermont in France, Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade. His motives for doing so have been much debated ever since. In this episode, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton (Nottingham Trent University) explores the role played by Urban’s own religious conviction. Was it the main reason Urban called his crusade?

     

    This episode is the third in a mini-series of three. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did Alexios I Komnenos’s appeal play in Urban’s decision?

    Ep.2: What role did political ambition play in Urban’s decision?

    Ep.3: What role did religious conviction play in Urban’s decision?

     

    Recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

    The Field of Blood: The Battle for Aleppo and the Remaking of the Medieval Near East

    The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East

     

    Further reading:

    Strack, G., The Sermon of Urban II in Clermont and the Tradition of Papal Oratory

     

    Further listening:

    The History Hub podcast: Why did Pope Urban II launch the First Crusade?

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti.


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  • THE CRUSADES: Urban II and the First Crusade (Episode 2)

     

    On 27th November 1095, at a great council he had summoned at Clermont in France, Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade. His motives for doing so have been much debated ever since. In this episode, Associate Professor Nicholas Morton (Nottingham Trent University) explores the role played by Urban’s own political ambition for greater authority and influence both in the Latin West and further afield. Was it the main reason Urban called his crusade?

     

    This episode is the second in a mini-series of three. The complete mini-series includes:

     

    Ep.1: What role did Alexios I Komnenos’s appeal play in Urban’s decision?

    Ep.2: What role did political ambition play in Urban’s decision?

    Ep.3: What role did religious conviction play in Urban’s decision?

     

    Recommended works by Associate Professor Nicholas Morton:

    Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

    The Field of Blood: The Battle for Aleppo and the Remaking of the Medieval Near East

    The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East

     

    Further reading:

    Strack, G., The Sermon of Urban II in Clermont and the Tradition of Papal Oratory

     

    Further listening:

    The History Hub podcast: Why did Pope Urban II launch the First Crusade?

     

    If you would like to keep up to date with all things ‘Teach Medieval’, you can find us on:

    Twitter: @TeachMedieval

    Instagram: @teachmedieval

    Facebook: Teach Medieval

     

    Music by Aroshanti.


    Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.