Episodes
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Pat Gorden and Dr. Michelle Buckley from Iowa State University to discuss two publications from the Bovine Practitioner Volume 57 Number 2, 2023. Links to the published papers are at the end of the podcast show notes.
Our guests review the use of internal teat sealants and some of the challenges with producer use of internal teat sealants. We also review the importance of equivalence studies for practicing veterinarians, who are the target audience for papers in the Bovine Practitioner. The first study discussed was an equivalence study comparing two different internal teat sealants. The take-home message from this study for practicing veterinarians is that both products studies demonstrated equivalent results when comparing the outcome variables studied.
The second paper evaluated the persistence of the internal teat sealant in the mammary gland during the dry period. This paper was from one herd and looked at migration of the teat sealant from the teat into the cistern of the mammary gland using radiographs as well as strip yields after freshening. The authors also investigated if location of the internal teat sealant impacted risk for new intramammary infection during the first 120 days in milk.
Both of these studies are relevant to the practicing dairy veterinarian as they work with clients to implement dry-off protocols to decrease the risk of mastitis and improvements in milk quality.
Links to publications:
Buckley, M. P., Bayne, J., Tomazi, T., Miller, B. E., Godden, S. M., Silva, G. S., & Gorden, P. J. (2023). A randomized equivalence study evaluating the efficacy of two commercially available teat sealants in dairy cows. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p36-50
Buckley, M. P., Bayne, J., Tomazi, T., Miller, B. E., Silva, G. S., & Gorden, P. J. (2023). Evaluation of internal teat sealant persistence in the mammary gland during the dry period. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p51-59
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Gerard Cramer, Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota and current chair of the AABP Lameness Committee. This podcast is sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim and their 360 mastitis portfolio. What’s in your cattle tool care kit? Experience the power of complete mastitis care at choose360coverage.com.
The topic of the discussion is to walk through a research project that was funded by the AABP Foundation to investigate a model for inducing sole ulcers in dairy cattle. Sole ulcers are one of the major causes of lameness in dairy cattle and yet we still have much to learn about the pathogenesis of this disease to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Cramer discusses the importance of proof-of-concept studies to benefit future research and how they approached the welfare implications of this study. Three induction model challenges were implemented in this study included lying time restriction, dry matter intake restriction and a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Cramer reviews the results of the study and the difficulties in successfully inducing sole ulcers in this group of cows.
We also discuss some of the limitations of this study and future research opportunities to improve our ability to prevent and treat sole ulcers in dairy cows which can improve the welfare of cows. The AABP Foundation supports advancements in the health, well-being and productivity of cattle through scholarship programs, educational opportunities, and applied clinical research that benefits present and future cattle veterinarians. Research projects that are funded by the AABP Foundation must be applicable to practicing cattle veterinarians, have limited opportunity for funding elsewhere, and can serve as seed money for future larger-scale projects. The AABP Foundation research projects are supported entirely by member donations. Please support this type of research by donating today at this link.
Publication:
G. Cramer, E. Shepley, W. Knauer, B.A. Crooker, S. Wagner, L.S. Caixeta, An iterative approach to the development of a sole ulcer induction model in Holstein cows, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 106, Issue 7,2023, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22726.
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In this episode, Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by AABP members Dr. Michelle Barrett and Dr. Becky Funk. Both guests have served on the Amstutz Scholarship Committee and Funk is the past-chair of the AABP Foundation.
Our guests discuss the scholarship application process, how scholarships are reviewed, and offer tips for filling out the application. Students who qualify for a scholarship should consider applying using the links on the Students menu of the AABP website. We discuss the requirement for a CV/resume for some scholarships, and what to consider including in that document. Questions are also asked for all of the scholarships and answering these questions is part of the review process.
Letters of recommendation are also considered by reviewers. Tips for asking for a reference as well as how to provide a good letter of reference for a student are great pointers for those applying. Finally, we remind students to make sure to not wait until the deadline date and time to finalize your application. This includes making sure your dues are renewed well in advance of the deadline and checking the scholarship/grant portal to make sure your letters of reference are submitted by the deadline. Incomplete applications are not reviewed.
A special thank you to all of the donors to scholarship funds and AABP member volunteers from committees who review the scholarship applications. If you are interested in joining a committee, please contact [email protected]. Donate to the AABP Foundation scholarship funds at this link.
Links:
Join AABP and pay dues at this link. It can take 3 business days to renew your dues, so if you are applying for scholarships this year, please renews your dues in advance of the deadline! Students, make sure to have your application complete, including reference letters submitted online, by the deadline of May 31 at 5 pm Eastern. Check the status of your application at this link.
Scholarship opportunities:
Amstutz Scholarship – AABP Foundation premier scholarship for AABP student members graduating in 2025 or 2026.
Zoetis Foundation Scholarship – Funded by the Zoetis Foundation this $7,500 scholarship is for AABP student members graduating in 2025.
Merck Bovine Student Recognition Award – Funded by Merck Animal health, this $10,000 scholarship is for AABP student members graduating in 2025 and 2026.
Francis Welcome Future Dairy Practitioner Scholarship – Funded by the Welcome Family and AABP member donations, this $2,000 scholarship is for a 3rd year veterinary student with an interest in dairy medicine after graduation.
Edwin Robertson Memorial Scholarship – Funded by the Robertson Family and AABP member donations, this $1,000 scholarship is for students at Auburn and Lincoln Memorial University to fund an advanced reproduction experience.
James H. Bias Scholarship – This $5,000 scholarship is funded by AABP members and is awarded to 3rd year veterinary student with a graduation year of 2025 from an underrepresented ethnic and or racial background. The scholarship also provides travel and lodging to the 2024 AABP conference and a free registration to an AABP Recent Graduate conference within the first three years of graduation.
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In this episode of the AABP Have You Herd? podcast, AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich provides an update for AABP member resources. The AABP dues renewal season is now open. We welcome all cattle veterinarians, veterinary technicians and veterinary students to join AABP or renew their dues by going to this link. AABP is primarily funded by membership dues and we utilize dues revenue to provide resources to our members.
Gingrich reviews three major buckets of activity from the organization:
1. Continuing Education. This is our major member resource. Historically, AABP has hosted an annual conference. In recent years, we have greatly expanded our CE offerings to include a recent graduate conference, webinars, podcasts, online recordings of all conference sessions and webinars, seminars outside of the annual conference, and online publications. In 2024, AABP will add even more CE for our members by hosting an additional virtual conference, one for beef veterinarians and one for dairy veterinarians. All AABP CE sessions, seminars and webinars are submitted for RACE approval which is an additional member benefit added recently.
2. Advocacy. In 2023, AABP was very involved in several important issues for cattle veterinarians. This includes supporting the establishment of a VCPR through in-person means and advocating against allowing a virtual VCPR to be established. AABP also has advocated against a mid-level practitioner that could provide services that are currently under the domain of veterinarians. In addition, we have worked with the AVMA to ensure we still have access to xylazine and the ability to use it in our normal course of practice.
3. Support of the AABP Foundation. The AABP Foundation provides support to students through scholarships, externship grants and research grants. The AABP Foundation also supports clinically relevant research projects. In 2024, the AABP Foundation will award over $425,000 in funding with support from our members and industry partners. Visit http://aabp.org/foundation/ to learn more about the AABP Foundation and make a donation.
AABP members are from private practice, academia, government, industry, farm staff veterinarians, retired veterinarians, technicians and students. Our members are beef veterinarians, dairy veterinarians and mixed animal veterinarians, but the one thing we have in common is our passion for cattle and the producers and caregivers we work for every day. Please continue to support our mission by renewing your dues or joining us today!
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Juan Rodrigo Pedraza, AABP member and Zoetis Technical Services Veterinarian. This episode is brought to you by the AABP Milk Quality and Udder Health Committee. Pedraza starts by explaining what is parlor efficiency and throughput and why it is important for dairy farms. He cautions that recommendations to improve parlor efficiency should not sacrifice quality milk production and veterinarians can consult dairy clients on steps to improve both.There are many factors that we should consider when evaluating parlor efficiency. These include loading speed, pulsation rate and ratio, teat end vacuum, mouth piece vacuum and automatic take off settings. Pedraza explains that although specialized testing equipment is needed for some of these assessments, observing parlor procedures, timing and milk flow at the end of milking can be a first step in assisting producers with parlor efficiency.
Pedraza also points out how veterinarians can work with employees in the milking parlor to improve procedures, emphasizing the importance of explaining why we are implementing procedures and delivering messaging appropriately. Veterinarians can play a valuable role in parlor procedures and fine-tuning milking equipment to improve parlor efficiency and milk quality.
Find AABP resources from the Milk Quality and Udder Health committee resources page. A previous podcast on the importance of pre-milking stimulation that is reference in this podcast can be found here.
Erskine RJ, Norby B, Neuder LM, Thomson RS. Decreased milk yield is associated with delayed milk ejection. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Jul;102(7):6477-6484. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-16219. Epub 2019 Apr 25. PMID: 31030923.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by AABP member Dr. Keely Shine in this episode to discuss the importance of physical health and activity to improving sustainability in bovine practice. Shine graduate from the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine in 2022 and immediately opened her own mixed large animal ambulatory practice. She is also the owner of a CrossFit gym and is a veteran of the U.S. Navy and currently serves in the Navy Reserves.
Shine defines functional fitness and the importance of having both cardiovascular exercise and strength training as part of your total physical health program. Physical fitness can also be an important aspect of mental health and well-being. Shine also describes how she manages her nutrition program and suggests that ambulatory veterinarians plan their meals to prevent the traps of eating unhealthy snacks or lunches during the day. As a coach, Shine describes how she welcomes members to her gym and provides tips on how to take that first step in your fitness journey and prioritize daily exercise in our busy lives.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Felipe Peña Mosca and Dr. Sandra Godden for this episode to discuss a paper that is available in the online first edition of The Bovine Practitioner, “Methods of processing recycled manure solids bedding on Midwest dairy farms II: Relationships between bedding characteristics and bedding bacterial count.” This is a companion paper that we previously discussed on Episode 165 of Have You Herd? which evaluated recycled manure solids processing methods and its impacts on bedding bacteria counts, udder health, milk quality and milk production.
The first objective of this study was to identify bedding characteristics associated with bedding bacterial count (BBC) in ready-to-use (RTU) recycled manure solids (RMS). The second objective was to explore the association between processing method and bedding characteristics in RTU solids. A third objective was to investigate factors associated with BBC in used solids (after placed in stalls). The study found that increased dry matter, decreased organic matter and processing method were all associated with reduced BBC in RTU RMS. Veterinarians should evaluate bedding as part of a total milk quality program to promote good udder health practices on their client’s farms.
Peña Mosca, F., Godden, S., Royster, E., Crooker, B. A., & Timmerman, J. (2024). Methods of processing recycled manure solids bedding on Midwest dairy farms II: Relationships between bedding characteristics and bedding bacterial count. The Bovine Practitioner, 58(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol58no1p8-18
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Lee Jones, technical services veterinarian with Boehringer-Ingelheim. Dr. Jones was previously an extension veterinarian at the University of Georgia and the attending veterinarian for this clinical case report published in The Bovine Practitioner, Volume 57, Number 2. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a forage, and intoxication from the plant has been described in the literature, although this is a very unusual case. This case affected one animal in the herd, a 5-year-old Angus bull. The bull presented with generalized alopecia, thickened pleated skin and profuse malodorous watery diarrhea. This bull, along with 6 other beef bulls, had been grazing in a pasture containing hairy vetch for 5-6 months. Jones described the diagnostic samples that were taken to evaluate the bull and rule out other causes of systemic granulomatous disease and vasculitis. The bull was euthanized due to poor prognosis and deteriorating clinical condition. Necropsy revealed a disseminated systemic granulomatous disease with variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils was observed in multiple organs indicative of systemic granulomatous disease, along with vasculitis in the kidney, liver and adrenal gland, indicative that vasculitis is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions. None of the other animals were removed from the pasture and they did not develop clinical signs. Jones indicates that practitioners should consider a full diagnostic work-up on these unusual cases which can include punch biopsies of the skin which revealed the vasculitis and granulomatous lesions.
Ilha, M. R., Hawkins, I. K., & Jones, A. L. (2023). Case report: Systemic granulomatous disease with vasculitis in a bull due to hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) toxicosis. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p60-66
Washburn, K., Norman, T., Osterstock, J., & Respondek, T. (2007). Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) toxicosis in a purebred Angus herd. The Bovine Practitioner, 41(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol41no1p60-64
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Conrad Schelkopf to discuss a recent paper published in The Bovine Practitioner Volume 57 Number 2. Conrad is a dual DVM/PhD student at Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine. The title of the paper is “Comparison of electronic nose and conventional cow-side diagnostic tools for detection of ketosis in early lactation dairy cows”. We review the various types of ketones that are measure by different diagnostic tests in dairy cows. The average economic impact of a case of ketosis in a dairy cow published in the literature is about $300, and having reliable and effective diagnostic tests can be a valuable tool for dairy producers.
Electronic nose technology has been used in human medicine for disease diagnosis, but little research has been done in veterinary medicine. The technology “sniffs” samples that has a variety of sensors that detects a variety of volatile compounds in the space above the sample. The paper discusses how the tool is trained and calibrated for this experiment to create a fingerprint to match that fingerprint to different samples.
The objective of this study was to compare the eNose technology to the urine ketone test strips and blood BHBA cow-side diagnostic tools and to evaluate the applicability to clinical practice in a production setting. The eNose technology had lower sensitivity and specificity vs. the Precision Xtra and urine ketone tests. Conrad also discusses the positive and negative predictive value of each test based on the estimated prevalence of the disease. Conrad also discusses some potential future applications of the eNose device in booth beef and dairy practice. Emerging technologies and research to validate these technologies in the field is an important area of new research in cattle practice to improve cattle health, welfare and productivity.
Schelkopf, C. S., Apley, M. D., & Lubbers, B. V. (2023). Comparison of electronic nose and conventional cow-side diagnostic tools for detection of ketosis in early lactation dairy cows. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p5-16
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Clair Windeyer, Associate Professor at the University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. This podcast is brought to you by the ad hoc AABP Cattle Youngstock Committee. If you are interested in joining an AABP committee, please go to the committee page on the AABP website to find a committee of interest and on each committee page is a contact button to let us know you would like to join.
We start our podcast by explaining the differences between colostrum recommendation for dairy vs. beef calves. Windeyer reports that research shows that up to 33% of beef calves demonstrate failure of passive transfer (FPT) and it can be challenging to identify calves that need assistance before the window of opportunity closes to ensure calves receive adequate colostrum. Calves that have FPT have an 8x higher odds of treatment for any disease and an 18x higher risk of all-cause mortality. If calves have greater than 24 g/L of IgG, they have a 10x lower risk of dying preweaning and about 0.2 pounds increased average dairy gain. From a financial perspective, each case of FPT costs on average $80.
Windeyer discusses how to identify calves that are at risk so that we do not interrupt maternal bonding. This can include calves born to heifers, twins, assisted pulls, and those with lack of suckle reflex. We also discuss how to properly train producers to tube feed calves colostrum if they will not drink from the bottle as well as what type of colostrum to feed the calf.
Veterinarians have tremendous opportunity to work with cow-calf producers to ensure calves receive adequate colostrum and develop programs to train producers how to assist and monitoring the success of those programs.
LINKS:
Beef Cattle Research Council YouTube video link on how to properly use an esophageal tube feeder.
Beef Calf Vigor Assessment Podcast with Dr Elizabeth Homerosky
Publications mentioned in the podcast by Gamsjäger, Lisa, et al.:
Impact of volume, immunoglobulin G concentration, and feeding method of colostrum product on neonatal nursing behavior and transfer of passive immunity in beef calves https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100345
Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 2: Associations with health and growth https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105993
Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 1: Risk factor https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106026
Assessment of Brix refractometry to estimate immunoglobulin G concentration in beef cow colostrum https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15805
Evaluation of 3 refractometers to determine transfer of passive immunity in neonatal beef calves. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16016
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Reinaldo Cooke, a professor at Texas A&M Animal Sciences Department. Cooke was one of the investigators on a paper published in the AABP Bovine Practitioner Volume 57 Number 2, “Effect of maternal bovine appeasing substance on health and performance of preweaned dairy calves”. Maternal appeasing pheromone is secreted by the mammary gland of all lactating animals and the MBAS is an analog of that pheromone for use in cattle. The substance has an appeasing or calming effect on calves. This study was done on a commercial dairy in the northeast U.S. to evaluate health outcomes in treated vs. untreated calves. Application of MBAS decreased the incidence of diarrhea (71% in controls and 59% in treated calves) and decreased mortality (7.8% in controls and 2.4% in treated calves). Cooke describes other publications for use of MBAS in bovine practice including calves at placement to feedyards, finished cattle before shipping to a packing plant, at weaning in cow-calf herds, and preweaning in dairy calves. He also discussed opportunities for future research in use of the product in adult animals, such as decreasing stress in fresh dairy cows. Cooke also discusses some of the economic analysis for use of the product at various stages of production with a return on investment found in various studies of 20:1 To 30:1.
Bringhenti, L., Colombo, E., Rodrigues, M. X., & Cooke, R. F. (2023). Effect of maternal bovine appeasing substance on health and performance of preweaned dairy calves. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p1-4
Kelsey M Schubach, Reinaldo F Cooke, Courtney L Daigle, Alice P Brandão, Bruna Rett, Vitor S M Ferreira, Giovanna N Scatolin, Eduardo A Colombo, Genevieve M D’Souza, Ky G Pohler, Bruno I Cappellozza, Administering an appeasing substance to beef calves at weaning to optimize productive and health responses during a 42-d preconditioning program, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 98, Issue 9, September 2020, skaa269, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa269
Cappellozza, B.I.; Cooke, R.F. Administering an Appeasing Substance to Improve Performance, Neuroendocrine Stress Response, and Health of Ruminants. Animals 2022, 12, 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182432
Vieira, D.G.; Vedovatto, M.; Fernandes, H.J.; Lima, E.d.A.; D’Oliveira, M.C.; Curcio, U.d.A.; Ranches, J.; Ferreira, M.F.; Sousa, O.A.d.; Cappellozza, B.I.; et al. Effects of an Appeasing Substance Application at Weaning on Growth, Stress, Behavior, and Response to Vaccination of Bos indicus Calves. Animals 2023, 13, 3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193033
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Anne Murphy and Dr. Karin Orsel in this episode to discuss a common cause of lameness, digital dermatitis. Our guests start by describing this disease that was first identified in 1972 and has spread around the world. The disease is seen in most dairy farms in the U.S. as well as in feedlots and cow-calf operations. Even though the disease has been identified on many farms for many years, we do not know the exact mechanism of the disease or if the Treponema bacteria is the sole implicating factor in its development. There are several factors that lead to the development of the disease, such as creating the “right” environment for the bacteria to grow. Orsel discusses some of the challenges with vaccine development for preventing the disease as well as some genetic parameters within breeds that can influence the disease. Murphy discusses the importance of performing a full lameness exam to ensure veterinarians, hoof trimmers, and farm employees can correctly diagnose the cause of the lameness. Treatment for digital dermatitis typically involves a topical antibiotic such as tetracycline. Since this is extralabel use of an antibiotic, the veterinarian must prescribe the medication to the farm. Murphy also discusses the importance of foot baths and biosecurity measures to control and prevent the disease on farms.
Our guests also discuss the resources available to AABP members on the Lameness Committee resource page. This includes a review of treatments available to treat digital dermatitis and the available scientific evidence to support their claims found here. Other resources can be found at this link, then click on the Lameness Committee tab or Resources from another AABP committee.
If you are interested in joining the Lameness Committee, or another AABP committee, please send an email to [email protected].
Genetic parameters for hoof lesions and their relationship with feet and leg traits in Canadian Holstein cows.
N. Chapinal, A. Koeck, A. Sewalem, D.F. Kelton, S. Mason, G. Cramer, F. Miglior
Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 96, Issue 4, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6071 -
AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Miles Theurer from Veterinary Research and Consulting Services. Theurer was the lead author of the paper “Evaluation of the treatment efficacy of generic enrofloxacin compared to pioneer enrofloxacin for first treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in a commercial feedlot” published in The Bovine Practitioner Volume 57 Number 2. This episode is sponsored by Virbac. After more than 50 years of helping animals around the world, Virbac wants to emphasize that they are here for you, committed to your growth and that of your customers for the long haul. For more information on Virbac or their products, visit https://vet-us.virbac.com/cattle.
Theurer discusses the reasons that a large clinical trial comparing a generic product to the pioneer product in a field setting can assist veterinarians in making treatment decisions when recommending animal health products to their clients. Theurer walks us through the objectives and methods of the paper. Results of this paper did not find any significant differences in health outcomes evaluated for first treatment of BRD with the two products. He also discusses some of the differences identified between traditional beef breeds enrolled in the study and dairy-beef crosses which is an opportunity for future research.
Theurer discusses his role as an associate editor for The Bovine Practitioner and encourages researchers to submit clinically relevant research to the journal. The journal is intended to provide research relevant to the practicing cattle veterinarian and is available open-access with no publication fees. The submission and review process is managed online. Find the journal at this link.
Theurer, M. E., Fox, T., Newberry, J. R., & Payot, F. (2023). Evaluation of the treatment efficacy of generic enrofloxacin compared to pioneer enrofloxacin for first treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in a commercial feedlot. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p29-35Product label and safety information for Tenotryl located on this page.
CATTLE IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Tenotryl™ (enrofloxacin) 100 mg/ml Antimicrobial Injectable Solution: Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered within 28 days from the last treatment. This product is not approved for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dairy cows. Use in these cattle may cause drug residues in milk and/or in the calves born to these cows. A withdrawal period has not been established for this product in pre-ruminating calves. Do not exceed a 20 mL dose per injection site. Federal (USA) law prohibits the extra-label use of this drug in food producing animals.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Hubert Karreman. This podcast is brought to you by the AABP Committee on Pharmaceutical and Biologic Issues. Dr. Karreman graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1995 and has many years of experience working with organic production systems as a veterinarian. Karreman discusses what types of botanicals are available and some history of how they have been used. We also discuss what cases may be amenable to treatment with botanical medications in both organic and conventional systems.
Karreman provides some information on the regulatory aspects of botanical medicines and how they do not fit into the AMDUCA algorithm and pathways for possible approvals. He provides some references for efficacy studies of botanicals and suggests that there is opportunity for more research on their use in cattle.
Karreman developed a resource guide with links for veterinarians interested in botanical medicine which can be found here.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Joe Gillespie, Senior Professional Services Veterinarian with Boehringer Ingelheim, and Dr. Chris Chase, professor at South Dakota State University, to discuss vaccination of calves for bovine respiratory disease in the face of maternal antibodies. This podcast is sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, sponsor of the Welcome Reception at the AABP Annual Conference.
Our guests review maternal antibody protection for the calf and how it protects calves versus how vaccination protects calves. Vaccinating calves early in life for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is important, but it is important to understand the challenges with maternal antibody interference. Chase reviews the types of vaccines and the advantages and disadvantages of each type (intranasal, modified live and killed) as well as reviewing some new information about the efficacy of injectable modified live virus vaccines in calves. Gillespie also reviews the importance of adjuvants and why they make a difference for calf vaccine programs. Gillespie also discusses the importance of the herd veterinarian in working with farms to develop vaccine protocols for prevention of disease.
Links:https://aabp.org/resources/2023_Pyramid_Dual_Challenge_Research_Brief.pdf
https://aabp.org/resources/BRD_Battle_Plan.pdf
https://aabp.org/resources/Protecting_Calves_from_BRD.pdf
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich provides an end-of-year update for AABP members. If you need your CE certificates to submit for your license renewal, go to https://aabp.org then hover over your name in the upper right corner and select "My CE Certificates" to view, print or save your CE certificates to your files. You can also find your dues receipts and your donation receipts for tax purposes by hovering over your name and selecting the appropriate option. To donate to the AABP Foundation, go to this link.
AABP members can comment on guidelines and position statements which are now open by going to the "About" menu of the AABP website. These documents are developed by volunteer experts on AABP committees and task forces, then ultimately approved by the AABP Board of Directors. Submit your comments by going to this page by January 31 at 5 pm Eastern.
Gingrich also encourages AABP members to cast their vote for the 2024 AABP Vice President Election. Candidates are Dr. Brandon Triechler and Dr. Mark Hilton. Candidate information including biographies, video presentations, question and answer document and a link to a podcast with the candidates can be found on the ballot page. The deadline to cast your vote is December 29 at 5 pm Eastern.
AABP Vice President Dr. Callie Willingham serves as the Preconference Seminar coordinator for the 2024 AABP Conference in Columbus, Ohio. We are currently accepting proposals for preconference seminars and the portal will close on January 31 at 5 pm Eastern. To submit your proposal, please visit this link.
The American Association of Bovine Practitioners Foundation announces the call for proposals for research grants for funding in 2024. Each grant will be funded for up to $25,000 and the AABP Foundation will fund up to two grants for 2024. Proposals may address clinically relevant research topics in beef cattle, dairy cattle or both, and can include topics such as disease treatment or prevention, production medicine or cattle welfare. For more information and to submit your proposal, go to this page. The deadline to submit your proposal is December 29 at 5 pm Eastern.
Gingrich discusses the many CE opportunities for AABP members. The board has authorized funding many more CE opportunities for members. Historically, AABP has conducted an annual conference as its main CE event. AABP now offers the annual conference, recent graduate conference, practice management workshops, online CE of all webinars and conferences, and RACE approval for all CE, webinars and seminars outside of conferences. If you are not an AABP member, we encourage you to join us so that you can take advantage of the CE opportunities this organization has to offer.
Gingrich closes by addressing some of the advocacy work from 2023, including xylazine legislation and protecting the VCPR from changes that may negatively impact cattle veterinarians. He encourages veterinarians who are AABP members to donate to the AVMA PAC to support this work.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Jennifer Koziol, a board certified theriogenologist from Texas Tech University, to discuss the publication in The Bovine Practitioner on sample collection for Tritrichomonas foetus. This project was funded by the AABP Foundation Competitive Research Grant. The AABP Foundation funds clinical research for beef and dairy cattle projects that may not be eligible for funding elsewhere and provide evidenced based medicine for practicing veterinarians. These projects are funded entirely by donations and if you would like to support projects such as this, please go to this link to donate today.
This project evaluated whether the side of the chute and right or left handedness influenced the sensitivity of detecting Tritrichomonas foetus. We discuss the importance of this venereal pathogen in the beef industry and the challenges for controlling its spread. Koziol walks us through the appropriate way to collect these samples and the new methods of detection that increase the sensitivity of the test versus previous diagnostic testing methods. She discusses the objectives and designs of the study. The results of the study indicate that the side of the chute and collector’s handedness do not influence the sensitivity of detecting the organism. This can have implications on ergonomics and long-term physical health of veterinarians. Physical health and injury prevention were identified as important aspects of retention of recent graduates in bovine practice, based on a study Koziol co-authored. These results can be utilized by cattle veterinarians performing this diagnostic test to allow them to appropriately implement control measures for their clients.
To view all the projects funded by the AABP Foundation, visit this page.
Koziol, J. H., Gibbons, P. M., Fritzler, J. M., & Boggan, S. (2023). Side of chute and handedness does not affect the sensitivity of Tritrichomonas foetus sample collection in bulls. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p25-28
Gibbons, P. M. S., Koziol, J. H., Schmidt, M., Cummings, D. B., Sacquitne, C., & Hake, M. (2023). Should I stay or should I go – a qualitative assessment of experiences of recent veterinary graduates in bovine practice. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol57no1p35-40
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Jesse Robbins and Dr. Brett Boyum to discuss this recent publication in the AABP peer-reviewed journal The Bovine Practitioner. This is a follow-up publication that evaluated a secondary method for euthanasia using a penetrating captive bolt (PCB) in youngstock to validate this procedure in adult animals. The primary method of euthanasia using a PCB in the frontal sinus location was the same for both groups of animals. This paper evaluated time to death, loss of consciousness and brain tissue damage between a second frontal sinus shot versus the other group of animals who received a second poll shot with the PCB. Our guests discuss the importance of the veterinarian reviewing humane euthanasia protocols with caregivers and owners on beef and dairy farms, ensure that these protocols are in compliance with AVMA and/or AABP guidelines, provide training and follow-up monitoring. Robbins discusses some of the advantages of PCB euthanasia versus gunshot or chemical methods.
This investigation found no significant differences in time to loss of consciousness or death (defined as lack of rhythmic respirations and no auscultable heartbeat) between the frontal-frontal group and the frontal-poll group. The average time to death was 7-8 minutes with a range of 2-12 minutes for all cattle enrolled in the study.
The authors recommend that veterinarians develop a checklist for ensuring appropriate euthanasia using a PCB is being performed on your client’s farms. This includes correct landmarks, training, checking for consciousness, maintaining proper functioning of equipment, and confirming death. The authors remind listeners that it can take up to 12 minutes for unconscious animals to lack a heartbeat after appropriate PCB euthanasia and caregivers should monitor animals until confirmation of death as part of a humane euthanasia protocol.
Links:
Robbins, J. A., Sanchez, H., Spangler, C., Vazquez, S., Spatz, N., & Boyum, B. (2023). Assessment of time to death, brain tissue damage and clinical signs of consciousness in mature Jersey x Holstein cattle receiving a secondary penetrating captive bolt gunshot at the poll or frontal sinus locations. The Bovine Practitioner, 57(2), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol27no2p67-73
Robbins, J. A. ., Williams, R., Derscheid, R. J. ., Boyum, B., & Spangler, C. (2021). Comparison of frontal-sinus and poll shot locations as secondary methods for euthanizing dairy cattle with a penetrating captive bolt gun. The Bovine Practitioner, 55(2), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol55no2p115-119
AABP Guidelines for the Humane Euthanasia of Cattle
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by the program committee for the 2024 AABP Recent Graduate Conference. The chair of the committee is Dr. Nicholas Shen and he is joined by the other beef coordinator Dr. Andy Harding and dairy session coordinators Dr. Rachel O’Leary and Dr. Ryan Wood. The conference CE sessions and preconference seminars are planned by recent graduates to ensure that these sessions are relevant to the attendees. The conference will be held in Knoxville, Tenn., February 9-10, 2024 with preconference seminars on Feb. 8.
This conference includes a keynote presentation titled “Good Husbandry of the Cow Vet” by Dr. Marissa Hake, plus clinical skills sessions, practice management, beef and dairy sessions. Sessions will also include talks about non-bovine species such as camelids and pigs since many rural veterinarians are mixed animal veterinarians providing services to a variety of animals in their communities. The conference will close with a talk about handling disasters with Dr. Tera Barnhardt, practice tips presentations from the program committee, and a closing talk from Dr. Blaine Melody about “What is on Dr. Melody’s Mind?”
Conference registration is limited to current AABP member veterinarians and credentialed veterinary technicians who graduated from 2016-2023. All AABP conferences are recorded and the recordings are available at no charge to all AABP members.
Early bird discounted registration closes at 5 pm Eastern time on January 17. Online registration closes on January 31. Register at this link before the conference sells out! View the schedule here , and preconference seminar descriptions on this page. To book your hotel reservation at the AABP discounted rate, go to this page.
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AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by the 2024 candidates, Dr. Mark Hilton and Dr. Brandon Treichler, for the office of AABP Vice President. The ballot is now open and will close on December 29, 2023 at 5 pm Eastern. All AABP members who are veterinarians, honor roll, graduate students and veterinary technicians are eligible to vote for this elected position. The candidate with the greatest number of votes will be seated as the AABP vice president at the 2024 Annual Business Lunch in Columbus, Ohio, on September 14, 2024. The vice president serves for four years and ascends through each office of the Executive Committee. There are numerous get-to-know your candidate resources on the ballot page, including candidate biographies, video presentations from the 2023 Milwaukee conference, and a question-and-answer series from the November AABP newsletter. We encourage everyone to vote for the next AABP vice president.
Find the ballot and other information at this link.
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