Episodes
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We have a great time talking to Matt Topol from Voltron Data on one of his Apache Software Foundation projects called Apache Arrow. It's both a spec and implementation of a columnar data format that is not only efficient, but cross-language compatible. We walk through the scenarios that it covers and how is becoming more and more pivotal for things like ML and LLMs. So come listen to this JPH episode on one of the best and free ways to distribute data and integrate services working on top of that data!
http://www.javapubhouse.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/
- Apache Arrow Project (https://arrow.apache.org/)
- Java implementation (https://arrow.apache.org/docs/java/index.html)
- In-Memory Analytics with Apache Arrow (https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/in-memory-analytics-with/9781801071031/)
- Matt Topol X (Twitter!) Account (https://twitter.com/zeroshade)
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Ok, so it's an incredible time to be in the Java Ecosystem, and one of the biggest frameworks out there just dropped their three-point-oh version! That's right! So Spring Boot is not officially 3.0, and it has as a Baseline Java 17! (oohh!!). So we brought in the big guns to talk about what does it mean to Upgrade to Spring Boot 3, and what are the new cool toys we can expect from that upgrade!
In all, an amazing interview full of great things that are available NOW (so whatcha waiting for! Upgrade!)
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/- Dan Vega's own What's new in Spring Boot 3 (https://www.danvega.dev/newsletter/whats-new-spring-boot-3/)
- Official Spring Framework 6 Wiki (https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/What's-New-in-Spring-Framework-6.x)
- Spring Boot 3, and Spring Framework 6, What's new? (https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-3-spring-6-new)
- Spring Boot 3 goes GA (https://spring.io/blog/2022/11/24/spring-boot-3-0-goes-ga)
- Preparing for Spring Boot 3 (https://spring.io/blog/2022/05/24/preparing-for-spring-boot-3-0)
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Missing episodes?
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Whew! So we took a big break over summer (like Bob said, we were just swamped with work.. oof), but we are BACK! and like always we are ready to explore even deeper Java topics for the professional developer.
This time we set our sights in Apache Kafka, one of the (if not THE) dominant distributed messaging framework / broker. If you have been integrating webservices, you might have been running into message brokers (and applying Enterprise Integration Patterns), well if so, you most likely have run into Kafka.
We dive into "What does Kafka Solve", into what it is (and isn't), and why you should use it (or not use it), and how it differs from traditionalling Messaging systems.
In all, this is another episode of "Cloud stuff", and, like you know, that's where everything interesting is at! So have a listen!
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/Apache Kafka
https://kafka.apache.org/Kafka Quick Start
https://developer.confluent.io/quickstart/kafka-on-confluent-cloud/What IS Apache Kafka
https://developer.confluent.io/what-is-apache-kafka/Apache Kafka Quickstart (With Tim Berglund, Hi!!!)
https://kafka.apache.org/quickstartDo you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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Yeah! so we have been working with the cloud for a while, terms like K8s, EC2, Route53, BlobData, CLI has been swinged around... and is a little mysterious, and sometimes looks like a black box where you just click buttons, add things, type commands, until it finally something good happens. But if something bad happens, we tend not to have the slightest idea on why!
Never fear, on this episode of PubHouse we start from the very beginning on describing (And dismantling) what the "Cloud" really is... Starting on how we got there, what are the different "components" of most clouds, and how to reason about them.
This way, the next time something unpredictable happens, you will know exactly where to start troubleshooting and how to navigate this space! This is the first episode of a series (probably a series of 2) on Cloud technologies. So if you never been exposed to the cloud and you're curious, or even if you've been working on it but everything sounds mysterious, then dive in!
http://www.javapubhouse.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/Intro to AWS
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-overview/introduction.htmlWhat is Elastic Load Balancing
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/what-is-load-balancing.htmlWhat is Amazon Route 53
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/Welcome.htmlEC2 vs ECS vs Lambda
https://www.cloudzero.com/blog/ecs-vs-ec2Intro to Azure Fundamentals
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-azure-fundamentals/Azure Containter Registry
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-registry/#featuresAzure Compute
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/virtual-machines/#overviewDo you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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Ok, so is time to talk about something secretive! Like API Passwords, Auth tokens, or keys... these are things that we want to have as a Secret within our microservice. And yeah, adding them into your source code is a big no-no
Here we cover the dos (and dont's) of secret management, what are the benefits and drawbacks of the different solutions and we explore some of our favorite open source (and Cloud tools) for keeping secrets. We answer some important questions on how to effectively store and manage these secrets (the short answer is don't try to do it yourself!), and end up with the list of best practices for it.
If you are building a non-trivial (or interesting) web service, this is a must-listen episode!
http://www.javapubhouse.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/
Language FeaturesUsing AWS Secrets Manager to manage secrets in Spring Boot
https://raymondhlee.wordpress.com/2019/10/11/using-aws-secrets-manager-to-manage-secrets-in-spring-boot-applications/AWS Secrets Manager
https://aws.amazon.com/secrets-manager/Spring Cloud AWS
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-aws/reference/html/Hashicorp Vault
https://www.vaultproject.io/Do you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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So is time to celebrate! We got a new box of toys with the new release of Java! This is also a Long-Term-Support release which means that's usually a "good one" to jump into! Switch Expressions! Helpful Nullpointers, Sealed Classes... there is a TON that's new
And we got the best Doctor in town to walk us through all of them. We're of course talking about Stuart Marks! (AKA Dr. Deprecator). We cover most of the important features from 11 to 17 (there's a ton that was left out, so keep following the links to know more!)
http://www.javapubhouse.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/
Language FeaturesPattern Matching for instanceof
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/16/language/pattern-matching-instanceof-operator.htmlSwitch Expressions
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/13/language/switch-expressions.htmlSealed Classes
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/15/language/sealed-classes-and-interfaces.htmlText Blocks
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/13/text_blocks/index.htmlDebugging Features
Helpful NullPointerExceptions
https://www.baeldung.com/java-14-nullpointerexceptionPerformance Features
New Garbage Collectors (Shenandoah, ZGC)
https://blogs.oracle.com/javamagazine/post/understanding-the-jdks-new-superfast-garbage-collectorsUnix-Domain Socket Channels
https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/380
Deprecation & Platform evolutionRemove the Nashorn JavaScript Engine (Plug Graal!)
https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/372Deprecate the Security Manager for Removal and Applets
https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/411Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals
https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/403Warnings for Value-Based Classes
https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/390
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So while Java is the "main" language of the JVM, it is by no means the "only" language. And one of the purely functional programming languages is getting a new facelift!
Scala has been going through a revamp on the syntax and the features, and if you ever run into a scala user you know how passionate they are about their language! (hint: they love it!)
So while we might be working in Java projects most of our time, it is a good time to revisit that developer toolbox and learn when and where to use it. And if anything else, having a dip into a fully functional programming language teaches any budding developer how to see things differently!
So maybe Scala is "not" the language you want to program all your new projects, but understanding its strengs, its thinking (and with Scala 3) and its purpose, it makes it for a very sharp tool to have at the ready when you really need to tackle that Data Sciency / Functional Programming problem.
In addition, we bring one of the biggest names in the Scala Community to walk us through it all @DeanWampler (https://twitter.com/deanwampler) has been working with Scala since the early days and has just published his new O'Reilly book Programming Scala (https://deanwampler.github.io/books/programmingscala.html). So what are you waiting for, add a new tool to your toolbox with Scala 3.0!
http://www.javapubhouse.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/Programming Scala (Dean Wampler)
https://deanwampler.github.io/books/programmingscala.htmlNew In Scala 3
https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/new-in-scala3.htmlScala 3 Features
https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/book/scala-features.htmlA look at inline
https://medium.com/scala-3/scala-3-a-look-at-inline-and-programming-scala-is-now-published-9690ca43c23aSafer Pattern Matching with Matchable
https://medium.com/scala-3/scala-3-safer-pattern-matching-with-matchable-f0396430ded6Do you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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You'll run it everywhere there's a production system. Some kind of Metrics collector like Statsd or InfluxDB. They work like magic, reporting on the health of your application. but how does it really happen?
We dive in on how these Application Performance Management tools work and how do they really "see into" your application. We demistify all this magic, and actually describe how to add "new" metrics and how to publish it!
If you ever worked in a production application, and were wondering how do these metrics get graphed and collected, well, wonder-no-more! We go deep into Micrometer (the SLF4J of Metrics) and how it all works!
http://www.javaoffheap.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/Micrometer
https://micrometer.io/Creating Meters
https://micrometer.io/docs/concepts#_metersSpring Boot and Micrometer
https://spring.io/blog/2018/03/16/micrometer-spring-boot-2-s-new-application-metrics-collectorStatsd
https://github.com/statsd/statsdDo you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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So we had a previous episode where we show a party trick with GraalVM, where we saw how to create a Native Image. It was really the "hello world" of Native image creation, so Bob decided that's not good enough!
In this epidose we dive a little deeper on how to actually run your Restful Web service (or other app) natively, going through the exercise of debugging GraalVM builds including adding Maven plugins, finding out how to quelch the different reflection errors and how to deal with resources (and those pesky JNI / so libs).
In all, this is more of actually a practical use of GraalVM, not just a "it can do it", but more, how is it done. So want ludicruos startup speed and performance? then press play and listen!
http://www.javaoffheap.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/GraalVM Native Image Options
https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/Options/Maven GraalVM Native Image Plugin
https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/NativeImageMavenPlugin/
Apache HttpComponents
http://hc.apache.org/https://www.graalvm.org/docs/getting-started/linux/
GraalVM Resources
https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/Resources/Build Configuration
https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/BuildConfiguration/GraalVM Example Code
https://github.com/bobpaulin/javapubhouse-graal-episode/
https://github.com/bobpaulin/opencv-1/tree/feature/add-native-imageGraalVM Native Image InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/768Do you like the episodes? Want more? Help us out! Buy us a beer!
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So it happens. Sometimes a Java program just "dies" with the dreaded Out-of-memory Exception. Sometimes, it leaves behind a "heap dump", or a copy of what the Java program had in memory when just before it throw the Out-of-memory exception. For some devs, a heap dump is stressful, because they think is a black box with only mysteries, but we are here to calm your fears!
In this episode we show how Heap dumps are your friends! If you happen to have one, then is almost assured that you can find what caused the out-of-memory, and/or you can "see" what the real values of configuration were. For troubleshooting a production incident, a heap dump becomes invaluable since "nothing" hides from it. Doesn't matter where the code came from, a heap dump will have exactly what each variable was holding and who might be responsible for a memory leak!
"Memory leak you say? I thought java didn't have memory leaks!". Well, that's the other part of this episode where we discuss while Java has way less worries than (say c++) on allocating and deallocating memory, you can still create Memory leaks by having strong referenced objects that are never removed (and if that sounded like mumbo jumbo, even a better excuse to listen to this episode)
So, we survived 2020. Take a listen to this end-of-the-year episode, and be even more ready for whatever 2021 throws at us!
http://www.javaoffheap.com/datadog
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http://www.javaoffheap.com/How to capture a Heap Dump
https://www.baeldung.com/java-heap-dump-captureEclipse Memory Analyzer
https://www.eclipse.org/mat/
VisualVM
https://visualvm.github.io/
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We're back! and now we move to the new-fangled serialization and deserialization frameworks, starting with Protobufs! Google's contribution to the serialization space, Protobuf V3 makes it easy to create a very efficient on-the-wire serialized representation of objects, and then some. With the ability to have both backwards and forward compatible changes, protobufs is a great choice for transmitting information across services.
But not to be outdone, @BobPaulin goes in and covers Thrift, which goes a step beyond than just serializing messages, but also takes care of the "Transport layer", adding the ability of doing Remote-procedure-calls! Imagine if instead of saying "I need to send a message to that service, and then the service can process it and send info back", you just said. "I want to call a method on that service with this parameters and get the results". Thrift exposes that functionality by letting you have an interface that you can just call in your client service, and it "magically" coordinates all the gnarly stuff to encode, transmit, execute, decode, and present your call. You don't even have to think (too deeply) about how it all happens. As long as you define your thrift objects, thrift methods, and Thrift transport, the framework will let you just think of methods to call! that's it!
So in all, a very fun episode where we discover what the new types of serialization frameworks are up to. If you ever had to create a message, or ever had to annotate an object as Serializable, then do take a listen to this episode!
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Google Protobuf Apache Thrift Protobuf Java Example Thrift Example JVM Serializers performance
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Ah, Serialization... the bane of every Java Developer! If you are still using ObjectOutputStream, and Serializable, then you do want to listen to this episode! We move past the objectoutputstreams to what most people are running into these days! (Starting with 2001 and JaxB... and then moving forward from there to Json, and in Part 2...protobuf and thrift!).
But oh, no all serialization is equal, and there are tradeoffs are we go through the different serialization / deserialization libraries (Convenience, Speed, Rigor? all these are things that one need to take into account when choosing a serialization strategy). So take a listen (and watch the video if you want to follow along) as we explore the interesting and great world of Java serialization frameworks!
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Towards Better Serialization (or...why we should skip Java's Native Serialization) Introduction to JaxB Guide to JaxB Jackson Serialization Jackson tutorial
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So just in case you didn't know, but being a Java developer is as fun as ever! The ecosystem has been changing from the past year, and today, we have "tons" of Java Developer Kits to choose from. Want to know what happened? And want to know how different they are? (or what do they bring to the table), then tune in!
In this episode we cover the history of OpenJDK, and uncover the reason of why there are many JDKs out there. We dive in some of the licensing terms (hint. If you are using Oracle JDK 8, make sure you are getting security updates on with a support plan!).
Then Bob dives into some very fun differences between OpenJDK, Azul, and OpenJ9... and the tool to "keep sane" with all these installations, SDKMan! So if you do Java development for a living (and even if you are a hobbyist) this episode explains all the different Java versions you can play with!
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AdoptOpenJDK - Binary builds of OpenJDK Red Hat OpenJDK Azul OpenJDK (Zulu) IBM OpenJ9 Oracle OpenJDK Oracle COMMERCIAL JDK Oracle JDK License SDK Man SDKMan for Java Java is STILL Free!
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Java 14 is out! And with it, we now have a preview of Java Records! We go over this newfangled feature... and get this... we finally did it! We actually recorded our first Video Podcast (Woohoo!). A great episode Number as well (episode 90) to start the road to Video (I know, I know, very 2005 of us), but now you can not only listen to our voices, but actually look at the code as we type so you can follow along!
So yeah, with records, we are essentially incorporating (almost natively) what some of Lombok's @Data features were, including default (sensible) implementations of equals and hashcode. A great episode to not only listen... but to watch! Let us know any feedback you have as we embark into Video (you know where to find us)
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JEP 359 - Java Records Records come to Java A first look at Records
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You heard it going around, everybody is talking about Kubernetes, and Minikube, when using Docker, and CLI. It's like a foreign language! While we know Java very well, with the advent of Devops, we are supposed to be Deployers, and Scalability Experts. Well, once you start going down this episode you'll become the DevOps Hero your company was waiting for!
Kubernetes is interesting because is a technology that matured almost in tandem with Docker. But Kubernetes is not Docker...Instead Kubernetes manages Docker Containers (among other things). So if you've been wondering what exactly it is? and were afraid (or just didn't know where to start), well, fear no more! We'll unveil all the Kubernetes mysteries
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Kubernetes Installing Minikube Kubernetes Concepts Cloud Native Computer Foundation
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One of the first things that you learn to appreciate when you transition programming from hobby to a way of life is to find a good way to troubleshoot problems. Most of the time this means logging and monitoring, so for this episode we decided to interview Renaud Boutet who is DataDog's VP of Product Manager, and don't worry, he's really a developer that went to the "Management" (i.e. dark) side, so he knows what he's talking about!
Diving into topics from Logging Frameworks, to MDC, to a discussion of the three pillars of observability (Metrics, Traces, and Logs), this episode have good advice for everyone. From your first System.out.println ("I'm here") to your slf4j with MDC setup, you'll sure learn new tips and tricks!
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Three Pillars of Observability Slf4J Logback Mapped Diagnostic Context Priority Inversion
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It's that Streaming-new-deal that has been taken over the web world, Reactive! You've heard about it, and maybe even tried to learn it a couple of times but find it confusing? Well, be confused no more since on this episode Bob and I explore the basic foundations of Reactive (and explain what is that makes is so confusing to begin with)
But that's not all. We also dive on why is such a "hot" technology and why is the recommended approach on new microservices, even so, we also explore its drawbacks and why we shouldn't rip everything apart to make "reactive" things.
Lastly we start exploring one of the "reactive" frameworks with Spring WebFlux, and explore how to "think" about Reactive (and came with the marble track analogy). In all, this episode will shed light on a topic that has been hard to understand, but on which, if done correctly can bring a very large performance gain!
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Reactive Streams Interfaces Spring Webflux Observer Pattern Reactive Performance Comparison
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Oh my! This episode is going to be one of our favorites. There are times where the Java ecosystem delivers something incredibly interesting (InvokeDynamic, Lambdas, Streams, Kotlin), and this episode is one of those! You may have heard it mentioned around the interwebs or conferences (this new GraalVM thing)... well, it's here to stay and is propelling JVM languages to a whole new level of interoperatibility and performance!
So GraalVM at the very high-level view is a "Java Virtual Machine" (in reality there's much more to it, but we can at least start there). It provides tons of interesting features, like the ability to not only compile Java/JVM languages, but also Javascript, LLVM Languages (like C++), Python, R (and is expanding to others), and more importantly, interoperatibility between all these languages.
But the bee's knees (or the most interesting fact) is that GraalVM also have the "Native Image", which allows you to completely bake in a Linux (more platforms coming) binary straight up from your source code. The Native Image doesn't require Java to be installed, and you can start your application as you would any other Linux executable. The most impressive part? Startup times are incredibly fast!
So we have usually addressed tons of misinformed myths of the Java language like "It's slow:" (No, not really), or "You can code more performant code in C++" (possibly, but you have to be an expert to squeeze more performance than the JVM's JIT compiler). But one area that the claim has held true is that "Java has slow startup times". And (it used to be) true! Because of the dynamic classloading that Java supports, it's very hard for the JVM to startup fast. For long running applications this is usually not a problem, even so, for the new Cloud folks (and Lambdas, and AutoScaling Groups), fast startup time is a "thing". And so, with GraalVM (with some caveats) we are conquering one of the last arguments against the JVM languages.
In all, THIS is the episode to listen this year. It's exciting, new technology that we could really spin up and use. Let's have fun programming again with GraalVM.
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GraalVM Official Site Getting Started with GraalVM GraalVM Wikipedia Article Why the Java Community should embrace GraalVM
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There are technologies that sometimes are forgotten in a lonely corner, but that actually are quite sturdy. One of these is the All-Powerful Java Management Extensions (also known as JMX). With JMX you can actually expose a lot of metrics of your application and TONS of libraries use it "out of the box". Libraries like Tomcat, JVM, ActiveMQ, Spring (and ton others) exposes their metrics through JMX. And you can too!
In this episode we go over how to both consume JMX metrics (through JConsole, or statsD, or other Performance Monitoring Tools), and how to produce them as well (By creating your own MBeans), not only that, but we also go with how to be able to "invoke" these on a live application. Have you ever wanted to say "Oh my, I wish I could call this method while the program is running in production 'At will'". Well, with MBeans, you can make that happen! Not only that, but if you really want to you can also expose your MBeans through a Rest Endpoint with Jolokia.
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We also thank OverOps for sponsoring this podcast episode
Java Management Extensions Standard MBeans Basic Introduction to JMX Jolokia (MBean to Rest) Standard MBeans
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So you get that project that needs to connect to a server that doesn't talk rest, or http(s), but has its own protocol (or maybe it DOES talk https but you are looking for incredible performance!). Well, look no further than Netty! Sure, sure, you could really spend time working with NIO.2 and creating your own sockets and all that jazz, but why? The Netty.io folks already did it, and by golly they created a library that's "blazingly fast".
So take a dive into this episode where we talk about the main netty concepts (like pipelines and handlers), and give you a tip or two as you embark down into protocol performance bliss. Netty has seen it all, and has been battle tested for a while now (Have you heard of Jetty? well, that has Netty under the hood), and best of all, we go over how to be "lazy" about it! Netty really implemented a lot of protocols, events, and stuff already (for example LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder, ProtobufVarInt32FrameDecoder, SslHandler, WebSocket00FrameDecoder and much more!), so you don't have to be the wiser and implement things from scratch... chances are... Netty already has them (or at least will have the right tools to create your own thing).
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We thank DataDogHQ for sponsoring this podcast episode
We also thank OverOps for sponsoring this podcast episode
Netty.io official site Netty.io User Guide (the one we followed in the episode) Jakob Jenkov Tutorial on Netty How to get a Server Response with a Netty Client Introduction to Netty
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