Episodes
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Welcome to the season six finale! On today's episode, we go out with a bang and discuss Queen Nzinga, one of the most badass African warrior queens in history. Nzinga was trained to be a warrior and a diplomate from the time she was small, which came in handy when negotiating with the Portuguese at first for her wimp of an older brother and even more so when she became queen in her own right.
Nzinga had a massive effect on her kingdom and the modern country of Angola, which still views her as a proud part of their history. Join me on this episode to hear her story.
This podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewellery. Use code AYDEN for 15% off your entire order.
Bibliography
101 Last Tribes - Mbundu people. “AFRICA.” Accessed September 13, 2024. https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/mbundu.html.
Bortolot, Alexander Ives. “Women Leaders in African History: Ana Nzinga, Queen of Ndongo.” The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, January 1, 1AD. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pwmn_2/hd_pwmn_2.htm.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Mukambu of Matamba.” Wikipedia, August 28, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukambu_of_Matamba.
———. “Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba.” Wikipedia, August 30, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba#Legacy.
http://www.facebook/com/rejectedprincesses. “Nzinga Mbande: Mother of Angola.” Rejected Princesses. Accessed September 13, 2024. https://www.rejectedprincesses.com/princesses/nzinga-mbande.
Black History Month 2024. “Queen Nzinga Mbande: The Unyielding Beacon of Resistance and Sovereignty ,” May 1, 2024. https://www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/section/african-history/queen-nzinga-mbande-the-unyielding-beacon-of-resistance-and-sovereignty/.
Segovia, Becca. “Queen Nzinga: The Warrior Queen Brought to Life — RoyaltyNow.” RoyaltyNow, March 3, 2022. https://www.royaltynowstudios.com/blog/blog-post-title-one-pxydc-3e4k2-lwr6a-kleed-dxwc4-cr3nm-welff-kkp9h-lzwy8.
Snethen, Jessica. “Queen Nzinga (1583-1663) •,” June 16, 2009. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/queen-nzinga-1583-1663/.
Open Learning. “World-Changing Women: Queen Nzinga.” Accessed September 13, 2024. https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/world-changing-women-queen-nzinga.
Queens of Infamy: Njinga". Longreads. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
Miller, Joseph C. "Nzinga of Matamba in a New Perspective." The Journal of African History 16, no. 2 (1975) pp. 201–206, 208, 209, 210–216. Accessed 30 March 2021. JSTOR 180812
Jackson, Guida M. (1990). Women Who Ruled: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 130. ISBN 0874365600.
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What do you get when you take a French noble women and marry her to a Scottish king? A headache for the English. At just twenty-two, Yolande was thrust into the world of Scottish politics when she was married to the ageing king of Scotland, who had unfortunately lost almost every heir he had. Yolande's story had everything a dramatic death, a theory of an imposter baby, and, well, the English trying to screw everyone over. Join me on today's episode to learn about how a seemingly unimportant French girl got caught up in all of this.
This Podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order.
Bibliography
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Alexander III of Scotland.” Wikipedia, August 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland.
———. “Arthur II, Duke of Brittany.” Wikipedia, April 14, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_II,_Duke_of_Brittany.
———. “Beatrice, Countess of Montfort.” Wikipedia, December 8, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice,_Countess_of_Montfort.
———. “John of Montfort.” Wikipedia, August 22, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Montfort.
———. “Robert IV, Count of Dreux.” Wikipedia, October 15, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_IV,_Count_of_Dreux.
———. “Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland.” Wikipedia, April 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland.
[email protected], Undiscovered Scotland: “Yolande de Dreux: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland.” Accessed September 9, 2024. https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/yolandededreux.html.
Longacre, Celeste. “Pisces Zodiac Sign: Dates, Personality Traits, and More.” Almanac.com, May 2, 2024. https://www.almanac.com/pisces-zodiac-sign.
Medievalists.net. “Yolande de Dreux, Queen of Scots.” Medievalists.net, April 19, 2016. https://www.medievalists.net/2016/04/yolande-de-dreux-queen-of-scots/.
fourteenthcenturyfiend.com. “The Maid of Norway: The Child Queen of Scots, 1286-1290,” January 5, 2019. https://fourteenthcenturyfiend.com/2019/01/05/the-maid-of-norway-the-child-queen-of-scots-1286-1290/.
History... the interesting bits! “Yolande and the Hope for the Scottish Succession,” October 30, 2016. https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2016/10/30/yolande-and-the-hope-for-the-scottish-succession/.
Connolly, Sharon Bennett (2017). Heroines of the Medieval World. Amberley Publishing
Elizabeth Ewan, Sue Innes and Sian Reynolds: The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women
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Being queen is never easy, and no one knew that better than Queen Min. At only eight years old, she was left without a father, but funnily enough, her lack of ambitious male relatives made her the perfect candidate for queen to the irresponsible and impressionable King of Korea. Min bided her time under the thumb of her overbearing father-in-law until she was able to outsmart him and take over the court. Over her twenty-year reign, she managed to modernize Korea in everything from the military to education, all while dealing with the encroaching Japanese empire. Join me to learn about her story on today's episode.
This podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire purchase.
Bibliography
Administration, Cultural Heritage. “Birth Home of Empress Myeongseong - Heritage Search.” Cultural Heritage Administration. Accessed August 28, 2024. https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=21&ccebAsno=00460000&sCcebCtcd=31&pageIndex=388®ion=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Empress Myeongseong.” Wikipedia, August 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Myeongseong#Photographs_and_illustrations.
———. “Gojong of Korea.” Wikipedia, August 27, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea.
———. “History of Women in Korea.” Wikipedia, June 23, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_women_in_Korea.
———. “Internal Princess Consort Hanchang.” Wikipedia, March 25, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Princess_Consort_Hanchang.
———. “Min Chi-Rok.” Wikipedia, June 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Chi-rok.
———. “Shamanism.” Wikipedia, August 25, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism#Ecological_aspect.
———. “Sunjong of Korea.” Wikipedia, July 12, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunjong_of_Korea.
New World Encyclopedia. “Empress Myeongseong.” Accessed August 28, 2024. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Empress_Myeongseong.
“FamilySearch.Org.” Accessed August 28, 2024. https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname?surname=min.
MadMonarchist. “Consort Profile: Empress Myeongseong of Korea.” Accessed August 28, 2024. https://madmonarchist.blogspot.com/2011/10/consort-profile-empress-myeongseong-of.html.
Szczepanski, Kallie. “Biography of Queen Min, Korean Empress.” ThoughtCo, July 23, 2012. https://www.thoughtco.com/queen-min-of-joseon-korea-195721.
Team, Gale Review. “The Murder of Empress Myeongseong of Korea.” The Gale Review, August 16, 2022. https://review.gale.com/2022/08/16/the-murder-of-empress-myeongseong-of-korea/.
“The Legacy of Joseon Korea (1392-1897).” Accessed August 28, 2024. https://www.roots.gov.sg/stories-landing/stories/the-legacy-of-joseon-korea/story.
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Mary Todd Lincoln does not have the best reputation amongst first ladies. She was remembered in her time as a mentally unstable overspender who had questionable ties to the Confederacy. However, in this episode, I want pepole to learn about the bright and independent young woman who tried to make the best of every situation she was in and suffered more tragedy than anyone could understand. Join me on this episode as we talk about the sad but extraordinary life of Mary Todd Lincoln.
This podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order.
Boomer, Lee. “Life Story: Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882).” Women & the American Story, November 11, 2020. https://wams.nyhistory.org/a-nation-divided/civil-war/mary-todd-lincoln/.
Caroli, Betty Boyd. “Mary Todd Lincoln.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Todd-Lincoln.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Abraham Lincoln.” Wikipedia, August 8, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln#Assassination.
———. “Mary Todd Lincoln.” Wikipedia, July 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln.
———. “Robert Smith Todd.” Wikipedia, June 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smith_Todd#Personal_life.
Family, Death, Facts | HISTORY Mary Todd Lincoln: “Mary Todd Lincoln: Family, Death, Facts.” HISTORY, December 16, 2009. https://www.history.com/topics/first-ladies/mary-todd-lincoln.
The White House. “Mary Todd Lincoln,” January 12, 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/mary-todd-lincoln/.
Mary Todd Lincoln House. “Mary Todd Lincoln — Mary Todd Lincoln House.” Accessed August 9, 2024. https://www.mtlhouse.org/biography.
“Mary Todd Lincoln Timeline and Highlights.” Accessed August 9, 2024. https://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/education/marytimeline.htm.
Turner, Justin G. and Turner, Linda Levitt (1987) Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters, Fromm International Pub. Corp.
Emerson, Jason (2006). "The Madness of Mary Lincoln". American Heritage Magazine.
Catherine Clinton, Mrs. Lincoln: A Life (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010)
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Many pepole know Alexander the Great. After all, he conquered most of the known world before the age of twenty-five and was considered a military genius, but few know about his little sister, who contributed to his success. Cleo grew up in a chaotic household with two parents constantly at each other's throats and living in the shadow of her golden child brother. However, when she married into the royal family of Epirus, she was able to exercise her own authority as regent for her husband and son, and she would later work with her mother to keep the peace in Greece while her brother expanded his rule across Asia where he would not have been able to do without her support. Join me in this episode to learn the story of the little sister who supported the Macedonian empire.
This Podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewellery. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order.
Bibliography
Livius. “Cleopatra of Macedonia.” Accessed July 10, 2024. https://www.livius.org/articles/person/cleopatra-of-macedonia/.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Alexander I of Epirus.” Wikipedia, December 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus.
———. “Cleopatra of Macedon.” Wikipedia, March 20, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Macedon.
———. “Epirus (Ancient State).” Wikipedia, March 27, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state).
———. “Neoptolemus II of Epirus.” Wikipedia, May 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoptolemus_II_of_Epirus.
———. “Olympias.” Wikipedia, June 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias.
———. “Philip II of Macedon.” Wikipedia, June 21, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon.
Klimczak, Natalia. “Standing in the Shadow of Alexander the Great: Cleopatra of Macedon and Her Life of Danger.” Ancient Origins, December 23, 2016. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/standing-shadow-alexander-great-cleopatra-macedon-and-her-life-danger-007239#google_vignette.
primeo. “Alexander the Great’s Sister: Cleopatra of Macedonia (354-308 BC).” Totally History, May 16, 2022. https://totallyhistory.com/alexander-the-greats-sister-cleopatra/.
Xhabrahimi, Kreshnik. “Cleopatra of Macedon: Ruling in Two Continents - Albanopedia.” Albanopedia, June 5, 2020. https://www.albanopedia.com/biographies/cleopatra-of-macedon#google_vignette.
Lyngsnes, Øystein Wiklund. "The Women Who Would Be Kings": A study of the Argead royal women in the early Diadochoi Wars (323-316 BCE): The Rivalry of Adea-Eurydike and Olympias and the Death of the Argead dynasty. [Master's Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology] https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2503322/Lyngsnes_%C3%98ystein_Wiklund.pdf?sequence=1
Carney, Elizabeth D. (2003-01-01). "Chapter Nine: Women in Alexander's Court". Brill's Companion to Alexander the Great. Brill. pp. 227–252. doi:10.1163/9789004217553_010. ISBN 978-90-04-21755-3.
Carney, Elizabeth (1995). "Women and Basileia: Legitimacy and Female Political Action in Macedonia." The Classical Journal. 90 (4): 367–391. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3297828.
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Berengaria of Castile spent much of her life as a political pawn with a throne just in her grasp, only to have it taken away from her time and time again because of her gender. Despite all that, she became an amazing politician who actively contributed to her kingdom's future, whether she was on the throne or not. In her time, she tried to find a balance between a strong politician and a demure medieval queen. Join me to hear her fascinating story.
This Podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order
Bibliography
Brooklyn Museum. “Berengaria.” Accessed July 4, 2024. https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/berengaria.Order of Medieval Women. “Berengaria of Castile.” Accessed July 4, 2024. https://www.medievalwomen.org/berengaria-of-castile.html.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Alfonso IX of León.” Wikipedia, June 14, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n.
———. “Alfonso VIII of Castile.” Wikipedia, March 11, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile.
———. “Berengaria of Castile.” Wikipedia, May 28, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile.
———. “Conrad II, Duke of Swabia.” Wikipedia, April 27, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Swabia.
———. “Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile.” Wikipedia, June 17, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile.
———. “Henry I of Castile.” Wikipedia, March 19, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_Castile.
Jansen, Sharon L. “Berengaria ‘the Great.’” Accessed July 4, 2024. https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2017/11/berengaria-great.html.
Lewis, Jone Johnson. “Berenguela of Castile, Queen of Leon, Granddaughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine.” ThoughtCo, August 8, 2011. https://www.thoughtco.com/berenguela-of-castile-3529740.
Olaya, Vicente G. “Queen Berengaria’s Sad Message Hidden in the Ceiling of a Spanish Convent.” Ediciones EL PAÍS S.L., June 23, 2023. https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-06-23/queen-berengarias-sad-message-hidden-in-the-ceiling-of-a-spanish-convent.html.
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Queen Boudicca of the Iceni is by far one of the most impressive queens I have ever read about. Boudicca grew up in a time before the Romans came to Britain, but in her adult life, she had to deal with constant Roman oppression against her pepole. When the Romans refused to honour the will of her husband and attacked her and her daughters, she called upon her fellow Celts. She started one of the most destructive rebellions that the Romans ever dealt with, all to avenge her pepole and her children. Join me on today's episode to learn about her remarkable story.
This podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order.
Bibliography
“Boudica.” Accessed June 10, 2024. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/boudica/boudicanrevolt.html.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Boudica.” Wikipedia, May 6, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudica#Background.
———. “Prasutagus.” Wikipedia, March 6, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasutagus.
Express, Britain. “Celtic Britain - History and Culture.” Britain Express. Accessed June 10, 2024. https://www.britainexpress.com/History/Celtic_Britain.htm#google_vignette.
———. “Iceni Tribe in Roman Britain.” Britain Express. Accessed June 10, 2024. https://www.britainexpress.com/History/roman/iceni.htm.
Roman Britain. “Iceni Celtic Tribe,” April 13, 2021. https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/tribes/iceni/.
Jacks, Lauralee. “Boudicca - The Celtic Queen Who Defied Rome.” History of Royal Women, March 3, 2018. https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/boudicca/boudicca-celtic-queen-defied-rome/.
Pruitt, Sarah. “Who Was Boudica?” HISTORY, May 31, 2016. https://www.history.com/news/who-was-boudica.
Historic UK. “Queen Boudica (Boadicea) of the Iceni,” October 26, 2016. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Boudica/.
Historic UK. “Roman England, the Roman in Britain 43 - 410 AD,” October 25, 2016. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-Romans-in-England/.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Boudicca.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boudicca.
English Heritage. “The Roman Invasion of Britain.” Accessed June 10, 2024. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/romans/invasion/. -
Ahilybai Rani of Indore is often remembered as one of India's greatest female rulers. At only eight years old, she married far above her station, and due to many unfortunate deaths, she ended up in charge of a key state in the Maharathi confederacy and started a golden age of rule lasting over thirty years. join me today to learn about her incredible story.
Bibliography
New World Encyclopedia. “Ahilyabai Holkar.” Accessed June 5, 2024. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Ahilyabai_Holkar.
Aranha, Jovita. “The Untold Story of the Brave Maratha Warrior Queen Ahilyabai Holkar!” The Better India, October 31, 2017. https://www.thebetterindia.com/119761/queen-ahilyabai-holkar-maratha/#google_vignette.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Ahilyabai Holkar.” Wikipedia. Accessed June 5, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahilyabai_Holkar.
———. “Dhangar.” Wikipedia, June 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhangar.
———. “Khanderao Holkar.” Wikipedia, June 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanderao_Holkar.
———. “Male Rao Holkar.” Wikipedia, May 17, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_Rao_Holkar.
———. “Malhar Rao Holkar.” Wikipedia, May 30, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malhar_Rao_Holkar.
———. “Marathi People.” Wikipedia, June 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_people.
History Today. “Death of a Philosopher Queen.” Accessed June 5, 2024. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/death-philosopher-queen.
Malik, Tanya. “Ahilyabai Holkar: The Lesser Known Story Of Malwa’s Fearless Warrior.” HerZindagi, May 3, 2023. https://www.herzindagi.com/society-culture/ahilyabai-holkar-malwa-queen-warrior-life-story-death-article-230184.
Raikar, Sanat Pai. “Maratha Empire.” Encyclopedia Britannica, September 8, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maratha-Empire.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Holkar Dynasty.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Holkar-dynasty.
Vaidya, Shefali. “Ahilya’s Daughters - Pragyata.” Pragyata - Journal of Indic Ideas, May 23, 2016. https://pragyata.com/ahilyas-daughters/.
Zubaan. “Ahilyabai Holkar.” Google Arts & Culture. Accessed June 5, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/story/ahilyabai-holkar-zubaan/AgUB6rvnxUwIJw?
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It’s Pride Month, and I thought what a great time to talk about the other half of one of the most infamous pirate duos in history: pirate queen Mary Read. We don't know a ton for sure about Mary's life before she became a pirate. However, we do know that Mary had wild adventures disguised as a boy in the military before she ever took up a life of privacy with her girlfriend, Anne Bonney and Anne Bonney's boyfriend, Jack Rackham. Join me on this episode to learn the wild tale of how a less than half-a-year private career made Mary the most famous female pirate in history.
Bibliography
Abbott, Karen. “If There’s a Man Among Ye: The Tale of Pirate Queens Anne Bonny and Mary Read.” Smithsonian Magazine, August 9, 2011. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/if-theres-a-man-among-ye-the-tale-of-pirate-queens-anne-bonny-and-mary-read-45576461/.
Cartwright, Mark. “Calico Jack.” World History Encyclopedia. Accessed May 18, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/Calico_Jack/.
———. “Mary Read.” World History Encyclopedia. Accessed May 18, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mary_Read/.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Mary Read.” Wikipedia, May 12, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Read.
“Early Life · Mary Read and Anne Bonny: Two of England’s Most Notorious Pirates · Gallery.” Accessed May 18, 2024. https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/mary-read-anne-bonny/mary-read/mary-read--early-life.
Pirates! Fact and Legend. “Life in a Man’s World: Mary Read.” Accessed May 18, 2024. https://www.piratesinfo.com/famous-pirates/mary-read/life-in-a-mans-world-mary-read/.
Historic UK. “Mary Read the Pirate,” September 3, 2017. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Mary-Read-Pirate.
Minster, Christopher. “Biography of Mary Read, English Pirate.” ThoughtCo, February 8, 2011. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-mary-read-2136221.
Queen Anne’s Revenge Project. “Pirate Profile: Mary Read.” Accessed May 18, 2024. https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2020-03-15/pirate-mary-read.
Simon, Rebecca Alexandra. Pirate Queens: The Lives of Anne Bonny & Mary Read. Pen and Sword History, 2022.
“The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Pyrates, by Daniel Defoe.” Accessed May 18, 2024. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40580/40580-h/40580-h.htm.
Tikkanen, Amy. “Mary Read.” Encyclopedia Britannica, August 2, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Read. -
Matilda of Scotland has often been overshadowed in her accomplishments because of her saintly mother and empress daughter, but it was because of her mother that she became who she needed to be to make sure her daughter could be even better. Matilda had a rough but pretty normal Scottish royal childhood with a lot of murder and succession crises, but it hardened her to make her an astute politician in the court of her husband, Henry I. In addition to that, Matilda was worldly and generous and made her court one of culture and arts, and she made active efforts to be kind and helpulf to the less fortunate, a trait instilled in her by her mother. Come join me to learn about her facinating story.
Bibliography
Brown, Laura. “Queen Matilda of Scotland.” The Scots Magazine, October 25, 2019. https://www.scotsmagazine.com/articles/series/queen-matilda-of-scotland/.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Empress Matilda.” Wikipedia, April 13, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Matilda.
———. “Henry I of England.” Wikipedia, April 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England#Family_and_children.
———. “Malcolm III of Scotland.” Wikipedia, February 21, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland.
———. “Matilda of Scotland.” Wikipedia, April 18, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland#Death.
———. “Saint Margaret of Scotland.” Wikipedia, April 15, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.
———. “William Adelin.” Wikipedia, January 28, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Adelin.
Lewis, Jone Johnson. “Biography of Matilda of Scotland, Wife of Henry I of England.” ThoughtCo, November 28, 2011. https://www.thoughtco.com/matilda-of-scotland-3529598.
New World Encyclopedia. “Matilda of Scotland.” Accessed April 18, 2024. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Matilda_of_Scotland.
The Freelance History Writer. “Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England,” June 10, 2012. https://thefreelancehistorywriter.com/2012/06/10/matilda-of-scotland-queen-of-england/.
“Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England.” Accessed April 18, 2024. https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/normans_6.html#google_vignette.
pixeltocode.uk, PixelToCode. “Matilda (Maud) Wife of Henry I.” Westminster Abbey. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/matilda-maud-wife-of-henry-i.
Susan. “Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England.” Unofficial Royalty, September 1, 2016. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/matilda-of-scotland-queen-of-england/.
Rebecca Starr Brown. “The Almost Saint Matilda of Scotland,” May 1, 2017. https://rebeccastarrbrown.com/2017/05/01/the-almost-saint-matilda-of-scotland/. -
Many forget that Johnny Cash had a first wife, and if they do remember her, they think of her as a vindictive shrew who hated his career. Vivian Liberto Cash has been horribly misrepresented in popular culture, but she supported her husband throughout much of his early career and dealt with anxiety and depression from her husband's drug use and from attacks by the KKK concerning her non-European appearance. Come join me today to learn about the women who inspired the famous song "Walk the Line" Alexander, Harriet. “DNA Tests Reveals Johnny Cash’s First Wife Was Black and Her Great-Grandmother Was a Freed Slave.” Daily Mail, May 17, 2021. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9588299/Johnny-Cashs-wife-black-great-grandmother-freed-slave.html.
Betts, Stephen L. “Rolling Stone.” Rolling Stone, April 29, 2020. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/johnny-cash-first-wife-my-darling-vivian-movie-991700/.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Johnny Cash.” Wikipedia, April 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash.
———. “Vivian Cash.” Wikipedia, April 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_Cash.
Ishak, Natasha. “Vivian Cash, The Controversial First Wife Of Singer Johnny Cash.” All That’s Interesting, July 16, 2022. https://allthatsinteresting.com/vivian-cash-liberto.
Find a Grave Memorial. “Richard Laurence ‘Dick’ Distin (1937-2019) - Find...” Accessed April 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196577110/richard_laurence-distin.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Johnny Cash.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johnny-Cash.
This Heart of Mine, LLC. “My Darling Vivian.” My Darling Vivian, January 1, 2020. https://www.mydarlingvivian.com/.
Tremaine, Julie. “Johnny Cash’s 7 Children: All About the Musical Legend’s Son and Daughters.” PEOPLE, January 19, 2024. https://people.com/all-about-johnny-cash-kids-8430822.
Trent, Sydney. “White Supremacists Attacked Johnny Cash for Marrying a ‘Negro’ Woman. But Was His First Wife Black?” The Washington Post, May 16, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/05/16/johnny-cash-first-wife-vivian-black/. -
China has had many influential and ambitious Empresses in its history, such as Empress Wu, but Zhao Feiyan certainly gives them all a run for their money. Zhao Feiyan was born into a relatively poor family, but due to her talent as a dancer, she was able to get the attention of the emperor, and from there, hijinx ensued. Join me on today’s episode to learn about China’s most underrated and controversial Empress.
BibliographyContributors to Wikimedia projects. “Emperor Cheng of Han.” Wikipedia, March 21, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Cheng_of_Han.———. “Imperial Chinese Harem System.” Wikipedia, March 4, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_harem_system.———. “Zhao Feiyan.” Wikipedia, March 8, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Feiyan.———. “Zhao Hede.” Wikipedia, March 21, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Hede.Encyclopedia Britannica. “Han Dynasty,” July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Han-dynasty/Cultural-achievements-of-the-Han-dynasty.Jacks, Lauralee. “Zhao Feiyan - Her Notorious Reputation as a Wanton Empress.” History of Royal Women, January 21, 2022. https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/zhao-feiyan/zhao-feiyan-her-notorious-reputation-as-a-wanton-empress/#google_vignette.Keats School. “The Dancing of the Han Dynasty.” Accessed March 30, 2024. https://keatschinese.com/china-culture-resources/the-dancing-of-the-han-dynasty/.ChinaFetching.com. “Zhao Feiyan - From Dancer to Queen of Han.” Accessed March 30, 2024. https://www.chinafetching.com/zhao-feiyan.Schottenhammer, Angela (1 August 2003). "Slaves and Forms of Slavery in Late Imperial China (Seventeenth to Early Twentieth Centuries)." Slavery & Abolition. 24 (2): 143–154. doi:10.1080/01440390308559161. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 143643161.Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman 1992. China: a new history. 2nd enlarged edition 2006. Cambridge, MA; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01828-1MacMahon, Keith (2013), Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 11, ISBN 9781442222908Book of Han, vol. 97, part 2.Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35.Lee, Lily Xiao Hong & Stefanowska, A.D. (2007). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E-618 C.E. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.Milburn, Olivia, and Xuan Ling. 2021. The Empress in the Pepper Chamber: Zhao Feiyan in History and Fiction. Seattle: University of Washington Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv1p2gjd6
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As a longtime Swiftie, I was elated when I found out that Taylor Swift had a new song named after Clara Bow, and I thought, what better time to help people who may not know her story get to know her better? Clara was born desperately poor in early 1900s New York and suffered from a bad home life with an alcoholic father and a mentally ill mother. However, by the time she was a teenager, she won a beauty contest that shot her into stardom. Her fame came with a price, and she had her life intruded on by paparazzi; she was exploited by her managers and suffered from her own mental health issues. Come join me on today’s episode to learn about the women who coined the term IT girl. Bibliography
The Clara Bow Page. “Biography,” June 30, 2019. https://www.clarabow.net/biography/biography.html.
Biography.com Editors. “Clara Bow.” Biography, February 6, 2024. https://www.biography.com/actors/a45863068/clara-bow.
Carlton, Genevieve. “Clara Bow, The Wild Child ‘It Girl’ Of 1920s Hollywood.” All That’s Interesting, January 13, 2024. https://allthatsinteresting.com/clara-bow.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Clara Bow.” Wikipedia, March 19, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bow.
———. “Rex Bell.” Wikipedia, February 28, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Bell.
Gibson, Kelsie. “Who Is Clara Bow? All About the Namesake of Taylor Swift’s New Song.” PEOPLE, February 6, 2024. https://people.com/who-is-clara-bow-all-about-actress-behind-taylor-swift-song-8559688.
Hutchinson, Pamela. “Clara Bow: The Hard-Partying Jazz-Baby Airbrushed from Hollywood History.” The Guardian, June 21, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2016/jun/21/clara-bow-wild-child-hollywood-history-silent-film.
Find a Grave Memorial. “Rex Anthony Bell Jr. (1934-2011) - Find a Grave...” Accessed March 23, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/73185860/rex_anthony_bell.
Find a Grave Memorial. “Rex Bell (1903-1962).” Accessed March 23, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2096/rex-bell.
EP Studios. “The Bittersweet Life of Clara Bow,” June 11, 2018. https://www.epstudiossoftware.com/clara-bow/.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Clara Bow.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clara-Bow. -
If you have not heard of Arsinoe II, you are missing out on a great story. Arsinoe started out as the daughter of the first Ptolemaic pharaoh of Egypt and, through her own grit, determination and political savvy, managed to survive the disastrous political consequences of her first husband's death and come back to her home country as its queen. Join me in learning about the women who set the standard for Greek-Egyptian queens!
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Killers of the Flower Moon has brought the world's attention to one of the most vile murder cases in American history, and at the center of it all was Mollie Kyle-Burkhart. Mollie would have grown up in the traditional way of her Osage ancestors, but by the time she was an adult, her family was wealthy, and she lived in a big home with white servants and with a white husband. Mollie lost all of her family members during the reign of terror, and I can't imagine what it must have been like to go through something that horrible. On today's episode, we get into her story of resilience.
Bibliography
Osage Nation. “About.” Accessed February 25, 2024. https://www.osagefoundation.org/about.
Blakemore, Erin. “Erin Blakemore.” National Geographic, September 15, 2023. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/osage-murders-killers-of-the-flower-moon.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Ernest Burkhart.” Wikipedia, February 24, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Burkhart.
———. “Mollie Kyle.” Wikipedia, February 6, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollie_Kyle.
———. “Osage Nation.” Wikipedia, February 23, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_Nation.
———. “William King Hale.” Wikipedia, February 19, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King_Hale.
Evans, Elinor. “Who Was Mollie Burkhart in Killers of the Flower Moon?” HistoryExtra, October 19, 2023. https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/mollie-burkhart-who-killers-flower-moon/.
Grann, David. Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI. Vintage, 2018.
———. “The Rare Archival Photos Behind ‘Killers of the Flower Moon.’” Atlas Obscura, May 18, 2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/osage-murders-photos-killers-of-flower-moon.
Hemenway, Megan. “What Happened To Mollie & Ernest’s Children After Killers Of The Flower Moon.” Screen Rant, October 26, 2023. https://screenrant.com/killers-flower-moon-mollie-ernest-children-what-happened/.
Sam Noble Museum - The Sam Noble Museum at The University of Oklahoma inspires minds to understand the world through collection-based research, interpretation, and education. “History Behind A Giving Heritage - Sam Noble Museum,” October 1, 2019. https://samnoblemuseum.ou.edu/history-behind-osage-weddings-exhibit/.
Kaplan, Anna. “What Happened To Mollie Burkhart, Subject of Killers Of The Flower Moon?” TODAY, January 11, 2024. https://www.today.com/popculture/movies/killers-of-the-flower-moon-what-happened-to-mollie-burkhart-now-rcna121685.
McCluskey, Megan. “How Killers of the Flower Moon Captures the True Story of the Osage Murders.” Time: October 20, 2023. https://time.com/6325586/killers-of-the-flower-moon-true-story/.
Montalvan, Karla. “The True Story of Osage Woman Mollie Burkhart.” Fierce, November 16, 2023. https://fiercebymitu.com/entertainment/mollie-burkhart-true-story-killers-of-the-flower-moon-osage/.
Kansas Historical Society. “Osage - History and Culture From Early 20th Century to Present - Kansapedia.” Accessed February 25, 2024. https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/osage-history-and-culture-from-early-20th-century-to-present/19296.
Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS. “Osage Murders.” Accessed February 25, 2024. https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=OS005.
Quinn, Liam. “‘Killers of the Flower Moon True Story’: All About the Real Events That Inspired the Martin Scorsese Film.” PEOPLE, October 20, 2023. https://people.com/killers-of-the-flower-moon-real-events-inspired-martin-scorsese-film-8364150.
Romano, Aja. “Killers of the Flower Moon: What Is the True Story about the Osage Murders?” Vox, October 18, 2023. https://www.vox.com/culture/23920002/killers-flower-moon-true-story-osage-murders-reign-of-terror-mollie-burkhart-what-happened.
Solly, Meilan. “The Real History Behind ‘Killers of the Flower Moon.’” Smithsonian Magazine, October 18, 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-real-history-behind-killers-of-the-flower-moon-180983086/.
World, Lenzy Krehbiel-Burton Tulsa. “Following the Headrights: Mollie Burkhart’s Many Connections to the Osage Reign of Terror.” Tulsa World, October 4, 2023. https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/indigenous/following-the-headrights-mollie-burkharts-many-connections-to-the-osage-reign-of-terror/article_de635c84-5268-11ee-abe5-8b306bd2c14c.html.
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If I had an award to give out for the messiest Queen of England, I’m sure Isabella of Angoulême would be in the running. Isabella started out as a young child heiress in France and had the unfortunate experience of being married to bad King John. It gets worse from there. Come join me this week to hear her crazy story.
BibliographyRebecca Starr Brown. “A Legacy of Destruction: King John & Isabella of Angouleme,” June 7, 2017. https://rebeccastarrbrown.com/2017/06/07/a-legacy-of-destruction-king-john-isabella-of-angouleme/.Bloks, Moniek. “Isabella of Angoulême - Queen of England.” History of Royal Women, June 17, 2017. https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/isabella-of-angouleme/isabella-angouleme-queen-england/.Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Alice of Courtenay.” Wikipedia, June 1, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_of_Courtenay.———. “Aymer, Count of Angoulême.” Wikipedia, September 17, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aymer,_Count_of_Angoul%C3%AAme.———. “Hugh IX of Lusignan.” Wikipedia, October 7, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_IX_of_Lusignan.———. “Hugh X of Lusignan.” Wikipedia, November 3, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan.———. “Isabella of Angoulême.” Wikipedia, December 12, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme.———. “John, King of England.” Wikipedia, January 14, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England.“History of Isabella of Angoulême.” Accessed January 14, 2024. https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_31.html.History... the interesting bits! “Isabelle d’Angoulême: A Complicated Queen,” January 22, 2022. https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2022/01/22/isabelle-dangouleme-a-complicated-queen/.The Freelance History Writer. “Isabelle of Angoulême, Queen of England,” May 15, 2015. https://thefreelancehistorywriter.com/2015/05/15/isabelle-of-angouleme-queen-of-england/.Lewis, Jone Johnson. “Isabella of Angouleme: Young Queen Consort of John of England.” ThoughtCo, December 4, 2010. https://www.thoughtco.com/isabella-of-angouleme-biography-3530277.Ratio7.com, Steve -. “Isabella of Angoulême, Wife of King John.” Magna Carta Trust 800th Anniversary | Celebrating 800 years of democracy, August 29, 2014. https://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/women-of-magna-carta/isabella-of-angouleme-wife-of-king-john/.Roller, Sarah. “How Did King John Lose the Crown Jewels?” History Hit. Accessed January 14, 2024. https://www.historyhit.com/day-king-john-loses-crown-jewels-wash/.
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Welcome to the second special episode of black history month, where we will be discussing one of the South's wealthiest black women, Amanda America Dickson. Amanda, like many mixed people in the South before the Civil War, was a product of an assault, but unlike most mixed-race children, she was raised in white society. She would go on to inherit her father's vast estate and become one of Georgia's most famous socialites. Come and hear her story today on this episode!
Bibliography
New Georgia Encyclopedia. “Amanda America Dickson,” March 10, 2003. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/amanda-america-dickson-1849-1893/.
History of American Women. “Amanda Dickson,” October 24, 2008. https://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2008/10/amanda-dickson.html.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Amanda America Dickson.” Wikipedia, November 20, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_America_Dickson.
———. “Jean Toomer.” Wikipedia, December 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Toomer.
ebutler. “Amanda America Dickson Toomer.” Georgia Historical Society, May 25, 2021. https://georgiahistory.com/amanda-america-dickson-toomer/.
Nielsen, Euell A. “Amanda America Dickson Toomer (1849-1893) •,” November 22, 2015. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/amanda-america-dickson-toomer-1849-1893/.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “David Dickson.” Encyclopedia Britannica, November 16, 2007. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Dickson.
Leslie, Kent Anderson. Woman of Color, Daughter of Privilege : Amanda America Dickson, 1849-1893, University of Georgia Press, 1995. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unb/detail.action?docID=3038897. -
Happy Black History Month everybody. To kick off this month I wanted to start with a story of one of my favourite African queens Yaa Asantewaa. Yaa Asantewaa was not born to be a leader but when her brother appointed her to the important position of queen mother it thrusted her into a world of complicated politics and a war against the British. Today she’s remembered in the modern nation of Ghana as a hero and I’m so excited to present her story this month. Come join me to learn about this badass gun wielding queen on today’s episode. Bibliography
ADF. “Nana Yaa Asantewaa and the War of the Golden Stool.” Africa Defense Forum (blog), August 1, 2022. https://adf-magazine.com/2022/08/nana-yaa-asantewaa-and-the-war-of-the-golden-stool/.
Modern Ghana. “Asante (Ashanti) History Much of the Modern Nation of Ghana.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ashanti/ashanti.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=496&menu_id2=67&s=e.
“Ashanti People, Tradition and Culture.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.africancraftsmarket.com/african-tribes/ashanti-people.html.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Ashanti Empire.” Wikipedia, December 11, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashanti_Empire#Culture_and_society.
———. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Wikipedia, December 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa.
Guide, Africa. “Ashanti People.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/ashanti.htm.
King, Deolu. “Yaa Asantewaa, Queen Mother Of The Ashanti - Celebrating Black History & Black Culture.” I AM History, August 5, 2022. https://www.iamhistory.co.uk/home/yaa-asantewaa.
notch-admin. “History – Yaa Asantewaa.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://yaaasantewaa.co.uk/history/.
“Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa’s Ashanti Empire.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html.
Team, IASH. “Yaa Asantewaa.” Dangerous Women Project, July 22, 2016. https://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/.
West, Racquel. “Yaa Asantewaa (Mid-1800s-1921) •,” February 8, 2019. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/yaa-asantewaa-mid-1800s-1921/.
Team Queens. “Yaa Asantewa,” December 24, 2022. https://teamqueens.org/yaa-asantewa/.
“Yaa Asantewaa, Biography.” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Yaa-Asantewaa-175.
Encyclopedia.com. “Yaa Asantewaa (c. 1850–1921).” Accessed December 16, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yaa-asantewaa-c-1850-1921 -
Very recently, I’ve become obsessed with the HBO TV show the Gilded Age and it has led me to a new appreciation for this time. And what a better way to explore it, then to talk about the queen bee of the Gilded Age Caroline Astor. Caroline set the standard for gilded age New York society and she had to be petty to keep society the way she thought it ought to run. Join me on my season, premiere and learn about the fascinating life of Caroline Astor. Bibliography
Block, Elizabeth. “Mrs. Caroline Astor Was the Ultimate New York Socialite.” Town & Country, February 8, 2022. https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a38847567/mrs-caroline-astor-the-gilded-age/.
Factinate. “Caroline Astor, The Gilded Age Socialite Who Ruled New York,” March 9, 2022. https://www.factinate.com/people/facts-caroline-astor.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Abraham Schermerhorn.” Wikipedia, October 14, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Schermerhorn.
———. “Caroline Schermerhorn Astor.” Wikipedia, December 13, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Schermerhorn_Astor.
———. “John Jacob Astor IV.” Wikipedia, November 4, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_IV.
———. “New York Dutch.” Wikipedia, December 10, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Dutch.
———. “Peter Schermerhorn.” Wikipedia, April 14, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Schermerhorn.
———. “William Backhouse Astor Jr.” Wikipedia, November 19, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Jr.
Evans, Elinor. “Mrs Astor and the Four Hundred.” HistoryExtra, February 21, 2022. https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/mrs-astor-who-four-hundred-new-york-society-list-ward-mcallister-gilded-age/.
Beyond. “Mrs Astor Invites,” February 12, 2018. https://magazine.stregis.com/mrs-astor-invites-2/.
HISTORY. “New Amsterdam Becomes New York,” February 9, 2010. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york.
Albany and New York City. “Schermerhorns of New York.” Accessed December 15, 2023. https://www.americanajourneys.com/genealogy/schermerhorns_of_new_york.html.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Astor Family.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Astor-family. -
Malinche’s name is synonymous with betrayal. She has been called all sorts of names throughout history, but does she really deserve such a bad reputation? Malinche was a slave girl sold to the Spanish as they arrived in Mexico, and when they realized she had a talent for languages, she was an instrumental tool in the takedown of the Aztec empire. Malinche was lucky to have a decent amount of agency for her situation, but it’s also important to remember she was a teenage girl who had no idea what the long-running consequences of her actions would be. Join me to learn about the incredible story of the translator La Malinche!
Bibliography
Anderson, Gracie. “Was La Malinche, Indigenous Interpreter for Conquistador Hernán Cortés, a Traitor, Survivor or Icon?” Smithsonian Magazine, July 30, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/was-la-malinche-indigenous-interpreter-conquistador-hernan-cortes-traitor-survivor-or-icon-180978321/.
Encyclopedia Britannica. “Aztec Empire.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aztec-Empire-Timeline.
“Basic Aztec Facts: AZTEC SLAVES.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/kids/aztec-slaves.
Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Hernán Cortés.” Wikipedia, August 24, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s.
———. “La Malinche.” Wikipedia, September 16, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Malinche.
———. “Martín Cortés (Son of Malinche).” Wikipedia, September 18, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Cort%C3%A9s_(son_of_Malinche).
dhwty. “The Controversial Role of La Malinche in the Fall of the Aztec Empire: Traitor or Hero?” Ancient Origins, July 24, 2019. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/controversial-role-la-malinche-fall-aztec-empire-traitor-or-hero-005284.
Hellman, Reviewed by David. “Mystery of the First Mestizo / Loyal to Father, Malinche’s Son Lost to History.” SFGATE, July 11, 2004. https://www.sfgate.com/books/article/mystery-of-the-first-mestizo-loyal-to-father-2742590.php.
History Skills. “La Malinche: The Woman Who Helped Destroy the Aztec Empire.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/year-8/la-malinche/.
AHA. “Malinche: Indian Princess or Slavish Whore?” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/the-history-of-the-americas/the-conquest-of-mexico/narrative-overviews/malinche-indian-princess-or-slavish-whore.
Britannica Kids. “Marina, or Malinche.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Marina-or-Malinche/628972.
Minster, Christopher. “Biography of Malinche, Enslaved Woman and Interpreter to Hernán Cortés.” ThoughtCo, May 21, 2015. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-malinche-2136516.
a short introduction. “Music, Song and Dance among the Aztecs.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/music/music-song-and-dance-among-the-aztecs-a-short-introduction.
Purcell, Ryan. “Life Story: Malitzen (La Malinche).” Women & the American Story, October 17, 2018. https://wams.nyhistory.org/early-encounters/spanish-colonies/malitzen/.
“Resource for Students: Malinche and Pocahontas.” Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/spanish-invasion/resource-malinche-and-pocahontas.
root. “Aztec Education: Learning at Home and School.” History, July 22, 2014. https://www.historyonthenet.com/aztec-education-at-home-and-school.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Nahua.” Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nahua. - Show more
