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Delta raiders. Decades before their famous migrations, the "Sea Peoples" were already active and visible in the eastern Mediterranean; and Ramesses II had his own dealings with these groups. In year 2 of his reign, Ramesses II (Usir-Ma'at-Ra) dealt with a coastal raid by the Sherden, who came from the "islands in the midst" of the sea (which the Egyptians called the "Great Green"). The battle, and its aftermath, is referenced in several of Ramesses' inscriptions. We explore this curious first chapter in the Sea Peoples' story...
Music: Michael Levy "Odysseus and the Sirens” www.ancientlyre.com
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast
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The new royal tomb, and how two 18th Dynasty rulers defined the "New Kingdom" as we know it. Prof. Aidan Dodson is a dedicated and prolific scholar, whose research covers many facets of ancient Egyptian history (and even WW1 warships!) His latest book, Thutmose III & Hatshepsut: Pharaohs of Egypt - Their Lives and Afterlives looks at how these two monarchs, and their followers, defined many of the aspects of "pharaonic culture" as we imagine it. Along the way, we also discuss the new royal tomb, its significance, and its connection to these famous figures.
Prof. Aidan Dodson at Academia.edu and the University of Bristol.
Book: Thutmose III and Hatshepsut, Pharaohs of Egypt at AUC Press.
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A death at Karnak, and a lion amongst men. In regnal year 1 (c.1292 BCE), Ramesses II was at Abdju / Abydos. While there, he appointed a new First Priest of Amun (Hem Netjer Tepy en Imen). He chose his candidate by consulting the deity directly, engaging in an oracle with Amun to choose the best option.
Shortly after, Ramesses departed Abdju and continued his northward journey. Eventually, he came to Giza, home of the Great Sphinx and the deity that inhabited it...
The History of Egypt Podcast:
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments https://www.paypal.com/ncp/payment/BHC6MGDBC6SXU.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
We have merch! Browse our designs at Dashery by TeePublic https://thehistoryofegyptpodcast.dashery.com/.
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Ramesses had a lot to plan for, in his first year of rule (c.1292 BCE). Staying in Waset / Luxor, the new pharaoh began building work on his tomb (KV7) and his memorial temple (The Ramesseum). Archaeological records testify to both of these projects. Then, the King immortalised his late father, the Osiris Sety I, in scenes of worship at Karnak. Finally, Ramesses left Waset, heading north; but he stopped at Abdju / Abydos on his way. There to commune with Osiris (Sety) once more, and to address some glaring issues...
Chapters:
00:00 Building KV7 and the Ramesseum
04:55 Ramesses celebrates the Opet Festival
12:15 Ramesses honours Sety at Karnak
17:32 Ramesses at Abydos and the "Great Abydos Dedication" text
39:18 Summary and Conclusion
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In the annals of Egyptian history there is no one quite like Ramesses II. He is arguably the most famous, or infamous, of Egypt’s pharaohs. His reign would be long (67 years!) and his influence would be incalculable. In this episode, Ramesses "appears" as King, following the death of his father (III Shemu 27). He chooses his royal names (Usir-Ma'at-Ra, Ramesses Beloved of Amun). He buries Sety, in the Valley of the Kings. And he goes before the gods to receive blessings and power...
Episode chapters:
00:00 - Introduction to Ramesses II
04:20 - Ramesses Accession Date & Royal Names
12:56 - The Funeral of Sety I (Horus buries Osiris)
20:50 - Ramesses goes before the gods
43:22 - Conclusion
For the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, and Ramesses’ “coronation” scenes, see the following volumes:
Nelson (1981). The Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak Volume 1, Part 1: The Wall Reliefs https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/great-hypostyle-hall-karnak-volume-1-part-1-wall-reliefs
Brand et al. (2018). The Great Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun at Karnak Volume 1, Part 2: Translation and Commentary. https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/oip-142-great-hypostyle-hall-temple-amun-karnak
The History of Egypt Podcast:
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments https://www.paypal.com/ncp/payment/BHC6MGDBC6SXU.
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The coffin of Sety I (now in the NMEC) was probably reworked from an earlier piece, during the reburials in DB320 (the royal cache). But how can we tell? Dr. Peter Lacovara explains.
Dr. Lacovara's website https://peterlacovara.com/
Video version available at Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast
Video version available on YouTube https://youtu.be/6e1fauj4qPA
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Sety’s royal burial. Valley of the Kings tomb 17 (KV17) came to light in October 1817. Discovered by a team of Egyptian workers, employed by Giovanni Belzoni, the tomb is the most beautiful, and one of the largest, in the entire Valley.
==
Learn more about KV17:
3D Tour by Mused: https://mused.com/tours/926/tomb-of-seti-i-valley-of-the-kings/
Theban Mapping Project https://thebanmappingproject.com/tombs/kv-17-sety-i
Photos: Kairoinfo4u via https://www.flickr.com/photos/manna4u/albums/72157687439529835/
KV17 at Wikimedia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:KV17
==
The History of Egypt Podcast:
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments https://www.paypal.com/ncp/payment/BHC6MGDBC6SXU
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Approach with caution. In March 2025, a group calling itself the “Khafre Research Project” posted visual information online about the pyramid of Khafra at Giza. The group claims that Synthetic Aperture Radar (or SAR) scans at Giza have revealed “structures” beneath the pyramids. Using digital modelling (and some AI), they suggest that Khafra’s pyramid and the Giza plateau hide many more chambers. There are a couple facets to this.
The 2022 article publishing raw data about SAR scanning at Giza: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5231
Overview of claims and evidence: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pyramids-of-giza-new-discovery-structures/
I don't usually do "debunking" content or engage with pseudoscience directly. If you'd like to learn more about the truth vs fiction, consider following these creators:
Milo Rossi (Miniminuteman): https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TgAp_Ry6dcM
Stefan Milo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=341Lv8JLLV4
Flint Dibble: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQMfGuKgTwU
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News from the Field (2025) Part 2. The past excavation
season has been extraordinarily productive. Beyond the new royal tomb of
Thutmose II we also have a SECOND royal tomb, at Abydos! The Grand Egyptian
Museum is finally opening in full. And archaeological teams throughout the land
have uncovered wonderful things. We also remember some prominent scholars who
passed away recently.
Chapter times and links to discovery reports with photos:
00:22 – New tombs at Asasif https://southasasif.wordpress.com/2024/11/01/discovery-announcement/.
02:21 – New tombs at Dra Abu Naga https://www.facebook.com/tourismandantiq/posts/pfbid02eqYh7RAiCqrxxDir9Pvbhu4YV1samnfLLtdJUfgNqvNbF6mVHWYkMGHTWixL7efjl
04:31 – Hatshepsut’s Valley Temple discoveries https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/538198.aspx
09:08 – Karnak Treasure Hoard https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/541255.aspx
10:50 – New tombs at Saqqara https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/537986.aspx
12:29 – Bastet Tooth, ancient predator https://www.sci.news/paleontology/bastetodon-syrtos-13673.html
and https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2442472
13:52 – Gold Mines in the Eastern Desert https://www.facebook.com/luxortimesmagazine/posts/pfbid024ATNP7GsdFwC35EgngA7Ys51MrwjrzsMPvPMXkty4oMt1SLC46g1tmRBVSEfpyXEl
15:28 – The Grand Egyptian Museum OPENING https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1238/539361/Egypt/Tourism/A-world-gem-Grand-Egyptian-Museum-set-for-grand-op.aspx
20:18 – Obituaries 2024 & 2025.
31:24 – Breaking News: New Royal Tomb at Abydos https://www.egyptindependent.com/royal-cemetery-from-second-intermediate-period-and-pottery-workshop-discovered-in-sohag/
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After a reign of approximately eleven years, the Horus Men-Ma’at-Ra (Sety I) passed to the west. He died in reasonably good health, and studies of his mummy reveal a tall, physically robust individual. So, what killed him? We explore these questions, and the history of his Memorial Temple, where the King’s body lay in state ready for burial…
Music by Bettina Joy de Guzman www.bettinajoydeguzman.com.
Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net.
Music by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
Additional music “Sety’s Funeral” by Ihab Mahna https://www.instagram.com/imahna/.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.
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SOLD OUT FOR 2025.
It's time to visit Egypt again. In November 2025, we are doing a 9-day visit to Luxor for the "Glories of Thebes!" Starting in Cairo (with the GEM) we head south to visit the Valley of the Kings, Memorial Temples, Deir el-Medina, Abydos, Karnak, and so much more.
Note: Future tour groups will be smaller than previous years (because I don't have to travel so far, from NZ, anymore). Places are limited, so get in touch!
If you're interested and want to add extra days in Cairo for pyramids, Saqqara, etc, let AWT know in your contact email. Things can always be arranged!
Logo image: Scene from the tomb of Thutmose III, which we visit on a special permit.
The November tour is now sold out. Please stay tuned for future trips!
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News from the Field 2025, Part 1. In February 2025, the breaking news was the discovery of a royal tomb. An archaeological mission working in Luxor are confident they have located the grave of King Thutmose II. The tomb itself was discovered in late 2022, and the team announced it publicly in 2023. I reported on that initial find in the news roundup for that year. Now, another season has passed, and the team’s work has come to fruition...
I am also joined by Dr. Chris Naunton, former Director of the Egypt Exploration Society, who was discussed the new find on his blog, and joins us to share some wider context and speculation.
Music interludes by Keith Zizza and Luke Chaos.
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Paser, servant of Sety I and Ramesses II (c.1300--1270 BCE). In the later years of his reign, King Sety promoted one of his servants to the highest political/government office. Paser, the Vizier, enters our story...
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.
Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
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My guest today is Prof. Elizabeth Frood, Associate Professor of Egyptology and Director of the Griffith Institute at the University of Oxford, UK. In a lively discussion, Dr. Frood shares her insights into ancient lives and how people living in the non-royal sphere approached their immortality. Statues, texts and graffiti show us the minds of these people and how they depicted their concerns, beliefs and ideas. It's a great conversation and I think you'll really enjoy it!
Prof. Frood's book: Biographical Texts from Ramessid Egypt, 2007.
Academic pages:
https://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/people/elizabeth-frood
https://oxford.academia.edu/ElizabethFrood
Prof. Frood's story:
http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/arts-blog/returning-egypt-acquired-disability-and-fieldwork#
https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2281439122175384
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-oxfordshire-42739901/the-infection-which-took-my-nose-and-legs
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The Place of Beauties (Ta-Set-Neferu). In the reigns of Ramesses I and Sety I (c.1304—1292 BCE), the Valley of the Queens finally earned its moniker. Having been a burial ground for royal children and courtiers, the wadi south of Deir el-Medina now began to host ruling women. In the days of Sety I, the Queen Mother Sitra and the Queen Tuya both received new tomb constructions in this site. Their monuments include evocative passages from the Book of the Dead (Chapter 17), and hints of the wonders to come in future generations…
Tombs discussed in this episode:
Princess Iah-Mes / Ahmose: Museo Egizio, Turin and Theban Mapping Project.
Queen Sitra: Theban Mapping Project.
Queen Tuya: Theban Mapping Project.
Queen Nefertari: Theban Mapping Project and digital reconstruction at Nefertari Tomb.
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Understanding the deities requires us to move beyond inherited preconceptions and prejudices. Fortunately, there are many gods worthy of the effort. From the deified Sphinx Horemakhet, to the meme-lord Medjed, to the deified lover-boy Antinous, the pantheon is rich in variety and personalities. It is a subject that today’s guest, Dr. Tamara L. Siuda, has devoted a great deal of time. Her new book, The Complete Encyclopedia of Egyptian Deities (2024) is a comprehensive guide to many of these figures…
Dr. Tamara Siuda’s website: https://tamarasiuda.com/
For a limited time, 20% off the purchase of The Complete Encyclopedia of Egyptian Deities at Llewellyn.com. Code: CEED20. Valid: 1/23/25 – 2/28/25. Offer cannot be combined with other discounts. Must be logged in to your Llewellyn account for coupon to apply to cart.
Dr. Siuda has generously offered a permanent discount code on any item in her bookstore. Visit http://tamarasiuda.com/shop and use the coupon code historical to receive 20% off any order. Valid for one order per customer.
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The Book of the Sky Cow. In the waning years of the 18th Dynasty (the reign of Tut’ankhamun) royal artisans began decorating tombs and funerary equipment with a new text. Sometimes known as “The Destruction of Mankind,” the book tells of a distant age, when Ra ruled on earth. But as the sun-god aged, a group of humans perceived his weakness, and plotted rebellion. Faced with an uprising, Ra marshalled his supporters and sent forth an enforcer. The goddess Hat-Hor (and her alter ego Sakhmet) began to wreak havoc upon the lowly, wayward humans…
The Book of the Sky Cow:
Part I and Part II, and the Shrines of Tutankhamun, available in Piankoff, The Shrines of Tut-Ankh-Amon. Available at Internet Archive Open Access.
Part I and Part II available in Simpson, The Literature of Ancient Egypt, pages 289—298. Available at Internet Archive Open Access.
Part I (the Rebellion) available in Lichtheim Ancient Egyptian Literature Volume II: The New Kingdom. Available at Academia.edu.
The History of Egypt Podcast:
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.
Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
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Hathor's temple at Dendera is one of the best in Egypt. Constructed in the late 1st Millennium BCE (but with roots stretching back to the Old Kingdom), Hathor’s house preserves amazing art, hieroglyphs, and secrets. It is a temple that today’s guest, José M. Barrera, devoted a great deal of energy to documenting. The result is a wonderful study of Hathor’s celestial realm…
See José's amazing photography of Dendera's ceiling and learn more about his book Dendera: The Temple of Time (2024) at his website: https://josemariabarrera.com/dendera/
See the video version of this interview at https://youtu.be/7xjUzTcRMH0
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.
Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
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Livestream recording. The tombs of Deir el-Medina are some of the most vibrant and beautiful in Waset (Thebes). How did they build them, which artists decorated them, and how did folk like Sennedjem pay for the construction and furnishing?
Video version available at Patreon, with extended artistic discussion.
Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.
Intro music by Bettina Joy de Guzman www.bettinajoydeguzman.com.
Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net.
Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com.
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New Year, New Home. My wife and I are moving to the UK in February 2025. How will this improve / affect the podcast? Details inside.
Next livestream: “How to Make Your Own Tomb,” based on the artists’ tombs at Deir el-Medina. Held on YouTube live: https://youtube.com/live/500MMqMUlH8.
Date and time zone conversion:
Auckland: Sun, 29 Dec 2024 at 9:00 a.m. NZDT
Sydney: Sun, 29 Dec 2024 at 7:00 a.m. AEDT
Cairo: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 10:00 p.m. EET
Berlin: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 9:00 p.m. CET
London: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 8:00 p.m. GMT
New York: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 3:00 p.m. EST
Chicago: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 2:00 p.m. CST
Los Angeles: Sat, 28 Dec 2024 at 12:00 Noon PST
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