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Are the laws of physics governing forces or elegant summaries? In this deep and often humorous debate, Barry Loewer of Rutgers and Eddy Chen of UC San Diego clash over the very nature of physical reality. Are the laws of nature real, mind independent constraints that shape what’s possible or are they human made descriptions of observed patterns? Together they explore metaphysics, causation, probability, and whether the universe is truly ruled by anything at all. A must watch for anyone questioning the foundations of science itself.
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Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e
Timestamps:
00:00 The Nature of Physical Reality
42:28 The Circularity of Scientific Understanding
1:05:44 Reality Explored
1:08:28 Describing Human Experience
1:10:10 The Role of Science
1:10:58 Understanding Motion and Laws
1:12:19 The Nature of Laws
1:14:55 Possible Worlds in Philosophy
1:18:05 Configuration Space Debate
1:21:10 Quantum Mechanics and Reality
1:22:50 Metaphysical Necessity
1:27:13 The Nature of Free Will
1:30:14 Bridging Philosophy and Science
1:32:05 Constraints and Freedom
1:34:57 Philosophical Disputes
1:39:08 The Journey of Learning
2:05:16 Teaching and Learning Dynamics
2:07:23 Closing Reflections
Links Mentioned:
• Barry’s published papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n_RTOwO00oEC&hl=en
• Eddy’s published papers: https://arxiv.org/a/chen_e_1.html
• Neil Turok on TOE: https://youtu.be/ZUp9x44N3uE
• Greg Chaitin on TOE: https://youtu.be/zMPnrNL3zsE
• Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://youtu.be/2p_Hlm6aCok
• Emily Adlam on TOE: https://youtu.be/6I2OhmVWLMs
• Laws of Nature and Chances (book): https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Nature-Chances-Breathes-Equations/dp/0198907699
• Laws of Physics (book): https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Physics-Elements-Philosophy/dp/100901272X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1CHA72RYFUOI8&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.OjkhTXRzZw_SWTMFZp8dUtREsTxacKuwg03AsLUUp6qLCuygS74CtEgujWl7wMvVEt-ErFEz-CfFLiiXTmuUCwKq0TW4WLFIA3DIhDNVaV4.gRuqaZldjUa8Kv_j1ew-CfZGQqtdt00X55fyMZ9NGD4&dib_tag=se&keywords=eddy+chen&qid=1749667626&s=books&sprefix=eddy+chen%2Cstripbooks%2C128&sr=1-1
• On the Plurality of Worlds (book): https://www.amazon.com/Plurality-Worlds-David-K-Lewis/dp/0631224262
• Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://youtu.be/fU1bs5o3nss
• Tim Maudlin and Tim Palmer on TOE: https://youtu.be/883R3JlZHXE
• How Physics Makes Us Free (book): https://www.amazon.com/How-Physics-Makes-Us-Free/dp/0190269448
• From Time Asymmetry to Quantum Entanglement (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05029
• Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://youtu.be/7oWip00iXbo
• Realism with a Human Face (book): https://www.amazon.com/Realism-Human-Face-Hilary-Putnam/dp/0674749456
• Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy (book): https://www.amazon.com/Causation-Nature-Early-Modern-Philosophy/dp/0199664684/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0
• The Maniac (book): https://www.amazon.com/MANIAC-Benjamin-Labatut/dp/0593654471
• When We Cease to Understand the World (book): https://www.amazon.com/When-We-Cease-Understand-World/dp/1681375664
• Eddy’s paper on time and nature: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09226
SUPPORT:
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SOCIALS:
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#science
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Professor Elan Barenholtz, cognitive scientist at Florida Atlantic University, joins TOE to discuss one of the most unsettling ideas in cognitive science: that language is a self-contained, autoregressive system with no inherent connection to the external world. In this mind-altering episode, he explains why AI’s mastery of language without meaning forces us to rethink the nature of mind, perception, and reality itself...
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e
Timestamps:
00:00 The Mind and Language Connection
02:09 The Grounded Thesis of Language
09:29 The Epiphany of Language
13:06 The Dichotomy of Language and Perception
16:24 Language as an Autonomous System
19:48 The Problem of Qualia and Language
23:35 Bridging Language and Action
31:32 Exploring Embeddings in Language
38:21 The Platonic Space of Language
44:17 The Challenges of Meaning and Action
51:05 Understanding the Complexity of Color
52:53 The Paradox of Language Describing Itself
58:19 The Map of Language and Action
1:07:48 Continuous Learning in Language Models
1:11:46 The Nature of Memory
1:22:46 The Role of Context
1:32:18 Exploring Language Dynamics
1:39:44 The Shift from Oral to Written Language
2:11:34 Language and the Cosmic Whole
2:21:35 Reflections on Existence
Links Mentioned:
• Elan’s Substack: https://elanbarenholtz.substack.com
• Elan's X / Twitter: https://x.com/ebarenholtz
• Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://youtu.be/b_DUft-BdIE
• Joscha Bach and Ben Goertzel on TOE: https://youtu.be/xw7omaQ8SgA
• Elan’s published papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2grAjZsAAAAJ
• Ai medical panel on TOE: https://youtu.be/abzXzPBW4_s
• Jacob Barandes and Manolis Kellis on TOE: https://youtu.be/MTD8xkbiGis
• Will Hahn on TOE: https://youtu.be/3fkg0uTA3qU
• Noam Chomsky on TOE: https://youtu.be/DQuiso493ro
• Greg Kondrak on TOE: https://youtu.be/FFW14zSYiFY
• Andres Emilsson on TOE: https://youtu.be/BBP8WZpYp0Y
• Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddings (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.12540
• Yang-Hui He on TOE: https://youtu.be/spIquD_mBFk
• Iain McGilchrist on TOE: https://youtu.be/Q9sBKCd2HD0
• Curt interviews ChatGPT: https://youtu.be/mSfChbMRJwY
• Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0674251555
• Karl Friston on TOE: https://youtu.be/uk4NZorRjCo
• Michael Levin and Anna Ciaunica on TOE: https://youtu.be/2aLhkm6QUgA
• The Biology of LLMs (paper): https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/attribution-graphs/biology.html
• Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://youtu.be/YaS1usLeXQM
• Emily Adlam on TOE: https://youtu.be/6I2OhmVWLMs
• Julian Barbour on TOE: https://youtu.be/bprxrGaf0Os
• Tim Palmer on TOE: https://youtu.be/vlklA6jsS8A
• Neil Turok on TOE: https://youtu.be/ZUp9x44N3uE
• Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/jayaraasi/
• On the Origin of Time (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0593128443
SUPPORT:
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SOCIALS:
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Veritasium pointed out that energy isn't conserved, but here I argue something further: energy is not even well-defined!
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SOCIALS:
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This is the first conversation (with Eric Weinstein) in 40 years on Geometric Unity.
In this rare, unscripted conversation, Eric Weinstein reveals the core of Geometric Unity, his decades-in-the-making theory. For the first time, Weinstein opens up fully about dark matter, the missing generations, peer review, and the potential flake of GU that quietly changed the world. This is the theory he believes is the answer.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction to Geometric Unity
06:50 Simplifying GU for Understanding
07:58 The Philosophical Implications of Physics
11:24 The Relationship Between Quantum and Classical
14:15 The Role of Generations in Physics
27:58 The Concept of Restricted Data
32:30 The Importance of Clear Communication
36:59 The Challenges of Explaining GU
38:14 The Value of Recognizing Contributions
49:34 The Story Behind the Seiberg-Witten Equations
1:06:12 A Critical View of Modern Physics
1:11:59 Establishing Criteria for Valid Theories
1:14:32 The Challenge of Quantization in GU
1:21:00 The Power of Non-Positive Definite Killing Forms
1:26:33 The Importance of Steelmanning in Science
1:32:11 Understanding GU
1:36:09 The Nature of Supersymmetry
1:37:30 Supersymmetry and Its Misunderstandings
1:46:30 Honoring Contributions in Physics
1:53:06 The Injustice of Peer Review
1:56:33 The Struggle for Recognition
2:06:02 The Academic Critique of GU
2:06:51 The Challenge of Communicating GU
2:23:05 Reactions to GU in Academia
2:52:57 The Future of GU Discussions
2:58:49 Reflections on the Journey of GU
Links Mentioned:
• Curt explains Eric’s Geometric Unity theory: https://youtu.be/AThFAxF7Mgw
• Eric’s Oxford lecture on Geometric Unity: https://youtu.be/Z7rd04KzLcg
• Garrett Lisi discusses his theory of everything on TOE: https://youtu.be/z7ulJmfFvd8
• Peter Woit discusses unification on TOE: https://youtu.be/9z3JYb_g2Qs
• Stephen Wolfram discusses observers on TOE: https://youtu.be/0YRlQQw0d-4
• Richard Behiel’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@RichBehiel/videos
• Curt criticizes the idea of “explain like I’m 5”: https://youtu.be/eASBzSNB8ts
• Eric’s first appearance on TOE: https://youtu.be/KElq_MLO1kw
• Eva Miranda discusses geometric quantization on TOE: https://youtu.be/6XyMepn-AZo
• Edward Frankel discusses the Geometric Langlands Correspondence on TOE: https://youtu.be/RX1tZv_Nv4Y
• Emily Riehl discusses infinity categories on TOE: https://youtu.be/mTwvecBthpQ
• Gregory Chaitin discusses the halt of scientific innovation on TOE: https://youtu.be/guQIkV6yCik
• Curt criticizes Gödel’s incompleteness theorem pop sci on TOE: https://youtu.be/OH-ybecvuEo
• Curt debunks the “all possible paths” myth: https://youtu.be/XcY3ZtgYis0
• Sean Carroll discusses the crisis in fundamental physics on TOE: https://youtu.be/9AoRxtYZrZo
• Amanda Gefter discusses quantum mechanics on TOE: https://youtu.be/yABPvDJ6Zgs
• Lee Cronin discusses Terrence Howard on TOE: https://youtu.be/8xAYf7tYrNk
SUPPORT:
• Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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#science
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Philosopher of physics David Wallace breaks down the Everett (Many-Worlds) interpretation of quantum mechanics in today's episode. We discuss the big misconceptions in physics and explore probability, emergence, and personal identity across multiple worlds. Wallace also touches on the Born Rule, the direction of time, and why consciousness may not be as mysterious as it seems. This is a mind-bending tour through the foundations of reality. Enjoy. Thank you.
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As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
David Wallace links:
• The Emergent Multiverse (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0198707541
• David Wallace’s published papers: https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-wallace/publications
• Stating Structural Realism (paper): https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/20048/1/semantic.pdf
• David’s reading resources: https://sites.pitt.edu/~dmw121/resources.html
• The Quantization of Gravity (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0004005
• Ted Jacobson discusses entropy on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mhctWlXyV8
• Curt debunks the “all possible paths” myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0
• Julian Barbour discusses time on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-bImnQ9cmw
• TOE’s String Theory Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY
• Bryce DeWitt’s published papers: https://journals.aps.org/search/results?clauses=%5B%7B%22operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22field%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22value%22%3A%22Bryce+S+DeWitt%22%7D%5D
• Carlo Rovelli discusses loop quantum gravity on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY
• Avshalom Elitzur discusses spacetime on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWRAaimQT1E
• Sean Carroll discusses the physics community on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo
• Ruth Kastner discusses retrocausality on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BsHh3_vCMQ
• Simon Saunders’s talk on Many Worlds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gM-sgmCUik
• Jacob Barandes discusses quantum mechanics on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo
• Jacob Barandes discusses philosophy in physics on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
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SUPPORT:
- Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Timestamps:
00:00 Misconceptions About Physics
01:27 Simplicity in Physics
4:48 Understanding Quantum Mechanics
7:27 Mysteries of Large-Scale Physics
9:53 The Nature of Time
13:19 Boundary Conditions in Physics
15:04 Models of Physics
16:56 Canonical vs Covariant Quantization
21:10 Theories of Gravity
28:22 Everettian Quantum Mechanics
30:11 Misconceptions in Many Worlds Theory
47:52 Decision Theory in Quantum Mechanics
57:58 The Deutsch-Wallace Theorem
1:14:47 The Nature of Fundamental Physics
1:18:40 Personal Identity in Many Worlds
1:27:14 Exploring Emergence
1:33:19 Thoughts on Consciousness
1:35:09 Disagreements with David Deutsch
1:39:18 Understanding Real Patterns
1:54:02 The Relevance-Limiting Thesis
2:00:54 Advice for Young Researchers
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Get ready to witness a turning point in mathematical history: in this episode, we dive into the AI breakthroughs that stunned number theorists worldwide. Join us as Professor Yang-Hue Hi discusses the murmuration conjecture, shows how DeepMind, OpenAI, and EpochAI are rewriting the rules of pure math, and reveals what happens when machines start making research-level discoveries faster than any human could. AI is taking us beyond proof straight into the future of discovery.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
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Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction to a New Paradigm
01:34 The Changing Landscape of Research
03:30 Categories of Machine Learning in Mathematics
06:53 Researchers: Birds vs. Hedgehogs
09:36 Personal Experiences with AI in Research
11:44 The Future Role of Academics
14:08 Presentation on the AI Mathematician
16:14 The Role of Intuition in Discovery
18:00 AI's Assistance in Vague Problem Solving
18:48 Newton and AI: A Historical Perspective
20:59 Literature Processing with AI
24:34 Acknowledging Modern Mathematicians
26:54 The Influence of Data on Mathematical Discovery
30:22 The Riemann Hypothesis and Its Implications
31:55 The BST Conjecture and Data Evolution
33:29 Collaborations and AI Limitations
36:04 The Future of Mathematics and AI
38:31 Image Processing and Mathematical Intuition
41:57 Visual Thinking in Mathematics
49:24 AI-Assisted Discovery in Mathematics
51:34 The Murmuration Conjecture and AI Interaction
57:05 Hierarchies of Difficulty
58:43 The Memoration Breakthrough
1:00:28 Understanding the BSD Conjecture
1:01:45 Diophantine Equations Explained
1:03:39 The Cubic Complexity
1:19:03 Neural Networks and Predictions
1:21:36 Breaking the Birch Test
1:24:44 The BSD Conjecture Clarified
1:26:21 The Role of AI in Discovery
1:30:29 The Memoration Phenomenon
1:32:59 PCA Analysis Insights
1:35:50 The Emergence of Memoration
1:38:35 Conjectures and AI's Role
1:41:29 Generalizing Biases in Mathematics
1:44:55 The Future of AI in Mathematics
1:49:28 The Brave New World of Discovery
Links Mentioned:
- Topology and Physics (book): https://amzn.to/3ZoneEn
- Machine Learning in Pure Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (book): https://amzn.to/4k8SXC6
- The Calabi-Yau Landscape (book): https://amzn.to/43DO7H0
- Yang-Hui’s bio and published papers: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yang-Hui-He
- A Triumvirate of AI-Driven Theoretical Discovery (paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19973
- Edward Frenkel explains the Geometric Langlands Correspondence on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX1tZv_Nv4Y
- Stone Duality (Wiki): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_duality
- Summer of Math Exposition: https://some.3b1b.co/
- Machine Learning meets Number Theory: The Data Science of Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.02008
- The L-functions and modular forms database: https://www.lmfdb.org/
- Epoch AI FrontierMath: https://epoch.ai/frontiermath/the-benchmark
- Mathematical Beauty (article): https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematical-beauty-truth-and-proof-in-the-age-of-ai-20250430/
SUPPORT:
- Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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SOCIALS:
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You’ve heard the phrase: “If you can’t explain it to a 5-year-old, you don’t understand it.” But what if that idea is not only false but harmful? In this video, we dismantle one of the most repeated myths in science communication, explore why some truths resist simplification, and reveal what real understanding actually looks like. If you care about learning deeply, or teaching well, this is a must-watch.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
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Links Mentioned:
• Algebraic Topology (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521795400
• Topology and Geometry (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0387979263
• Language isn’t just “low resolution communication” (Substack): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/language-isnt-just-low-resolution
• Non-analytic smooth function: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-analytic_smooth_function
• Emily Riehl on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTwvecBthpQ
• Neil deGrasse Tyson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhWWlJFwTqs
• Curt debunking the “all possible paths” myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0
• What does it mean to explore the “ill-defined”? (Substack): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-does-it-mean-to-explore-the
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
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In this episode of Theories of Everything, MIT physicist and historian David Kaiser explores primordial black holes which are hypothetical entities that may have formed before stars or atoms. David discusses their potential role in explaining dark matter, their connections to cosmic inflation, and how they might reshape our understanding of the early universe. This conversation connects the realms of quantum theory, cosmology, and the history of physics.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
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Links Mentioned:
• David Kaiser's published papers: https://arxiv.org/a/kaiser_d_1.html
• Bell, J. S. “On the Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen paradox” (1964): https://cds.cern.ch/record/111654/files/vol1p195-200_001.pdf
• “Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.19227
• “Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars” (2018): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.05966
• “Close Encounters of the Primordial Kind” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.17217
• “Primordial Black Holes from Multifield Inflation with Non-minimal Couplings” (2022): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04471
• “Testing Bell’s Inequality with Cosmic Photons” (2013): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.3288
• “Planck Constraints & Gravitational-Wave Forecasts for PBH Dark Matter Seeded by Multifield Inflation” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02168
• “Light Scalar Fields Foster Production of Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.13251
• “Debye Screening of Non-Abelian Plasmas in Curved Spacetimes” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15385
• “Primordial Black Holes with QCD Color Charge” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.16877
• A Brief History of Time – Stephen Hawking: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553380168
• In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat – John Gribbin: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553342533
• How the Hippies Saved Physics – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/039334231X
• Drawing Theories Apart – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002Y5W2X2
Timestamps:
00:00 – What Are Primordial Black Holes?
01:41 – Could They Be Dark Matter?
05:21 – Kaiser’s Academic Journey
10:56 – Studying Physics and Its History
11:57 – Cosmic Inflation Basics
15:31 – Direct Collapse vs. Stellar Collapse
25:14 – Bell’s Theorem Explained
38:32 – Quasars and the Cosmic Bell Test
43:04 – High-Precision Astronomy
47:38 – Learning Curves & Interdisciplinary Research
48:17 – Scalar Fields and Inflation Models
55:05 – Black Hole Formation from Inflation
58:41 – Black Hole Mass as a Cosmic Clock
1:02:50 – Quark-Gluon Plasma & Color Charge
1:08:46 – Critical Collapse and Mass Spread
1:11:34 – Charged Primordial Black Holes
1:13:54 – Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Implications
1:20:14 – Detecting Black Holes Locally
1:23:51 – Tracking Planetary Wobbles
1:26:04 – Hawking Radiation & Positron Signatures
1:30:06 – Why Track Mars, Not Earth?
#science
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Gödel’s incompleteness theorem is one of the most misunderstood ideas in science and philosophy. This video cuts through the hype, correcting major misconceptions from pop-science icons and revealing what Gödel actually proved and what he didn’t. If you think his theorem limits human knowledge, think again. The people referenced are Neil deGrasse Tyson, Veritasium, Michio Kaku, and Deepak Chopra.
Correction: Veritasium says "everything" not "anything." My foolish verbal flub is corrected in the captions, and the argumentation remains the same.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
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Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Links Mentioned:
• Scott Aaronson | How Much Math Is Knowable?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VplMHWSZf5c
• The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis (paper): https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.24.12.556
• The Gettier Problem: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/#GettProb
• Jennifer Nagel on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWZVMZ9Tm7Q
• Gödel’s First Incompleteness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Formally_Undecidable_Propositions_of_Principia_Mathematica_and_Related_Systems
• Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU
• Curt talks with Penrose for IAI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQM0OtxvZ-Y
• Bertrand Russell’s Comments: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Russell,_Whitehead_-_Principia_Mathematica,_vol._I,_1910.djvu/84
• Gregory Chaitin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMPnrNL3zsE
• Chaitin on the ‘Rise and Fall of Academia’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoEuav8G6sY
• Curt and Neil Tyson Debate Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye9OkJih3-U
• Gödel’s Completeness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_completeness_theorem
• Latham Boyle on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyLeeEFKk04
• Gabriele Carcassi on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIQ7CaQX8EI
• Gabriele Carcassi’s YouTube Channel (Live): https://www.youtube.com/@AssumptionsofPhysicsResearch
• Robinson Arithmetic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_arithmetic
• Algorithmic Information Theory (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521616042
• The Paris-Harrington Theorem: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Paris-HarringtonTheorem.html
• Curt’s Substack: The Mathematics of Self: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-mathematics-of-self-why-you-can
• The Church-Turing Thesis: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/
• Curt’s Substack: The Most Profound Theorem in Logic You Haven't Heard Of: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/infinity-its-many-models-and-lowenheim
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science
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What if gravity is not fundamental but emerges from quantum entanglement? In this episode, physicist Ted Jacobson reveals how Einstein’s equations can be derived from thermodynamic principles of the quantum vacuum, reshaping our understanding of space, time, and gravity itself.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
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Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:11 The Journey into Physics
04:26 Spirituality and Physics
06:29 Connecting Gravity and Thermodynamics
09:22 The Concept of Rindler Horizons
13:12 The Nature of Quantum Vacuum
20:53 The Duality of Quantum Fields
32:59 Understanding the Equation of State
35:05 Exploring Local Rindler Horizons
47:15 Holographic Duality and Space-Time Emergence
58:19 The Metric and Quantum Fields
59:58 Extensions and Comparisons in Gravity
1:26:26 The Nature of Black Hole Physics
1:31:04 Comparing Theories
Links Mentioned::
• Ted’s published papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QyHAXo8AAAAJ&hl=en
• Claudia de Rham on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve_Mpd6dGv8
• Neil Turok on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNZCa1pVE20
• Bisognano–Wichmann theorem: https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Bisognano-Wichmann+theorem
• Scott Aaronson and Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rbC3XZr9-c
• Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4
• Ruth Kastner on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BsHh3_vCMQ
• Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM
• Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p_Hlm6aCok
• Ted’s talk on black holes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYt2Rm_dXf4
• Ted Jacobson: Diffeomorphism invariance and the black hole information paradox: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6kdHge-NNY
• Bose–Einstein condensate: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Einstein_condensate
• Holographic Thought Experiments (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.2845
• Peter Woit and Joseph Conlon on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAaXk_WoQqQ
• Chiara Marletto on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uey_mUy1vN0
• Entanglement Equilibrium and the Einstein Equation (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.04753
• Ivette Fuentes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUj2TcZSlZc
• Unitarity and Holography in Gravitational Physics (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.2842
• The dominant model of the universe is cracking (Economist article): https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/19/the-dominant-model-of-the-universe-is-creaking
• Suvrat Raju’s published papers: https://www.suvratraju.net/publications
• Mark Van Raamsdonk’s published papers: https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=k8LsA4YAAAAJ&hl=en
• Ryu–Takayanagi conjecture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryu–Takayanagi_conjecture
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
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#science
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What if quantum mechanics is not fundamental? What if time itself is an illusion? In this new episode, physicist Julian Barbour returns to share his most radical ideas yet. He proposes that the universe is built purely from ratios, that time is not fundamental, and that quantum mechanics might be replaced entirely without the need for wave functions or Planck’s constant. This may be the simplest vision of reality ever proposed.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Videos Mentioned:
Julian’s previous appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bprxrGaf0Os
Neil Turok on TOE (Big Bang): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUp9x44N3uE
Neil Turok on TOE (Black Holes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNZCa1pVE20
Debunking “All Possible Paths”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0
John Vervaeke on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVj1KYGyesI
Jacob Barandes & Scott Aaronson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rbC3XZr9-c
The Dark History of Anti-Gravity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBA3RUxkZdc
Peter Woit on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTSeqsCgxj8
Books Mentioned:
The Monadology – G.W. Leibniz: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1546527664
The Janus Point – Julian Barbour: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/0465095461
Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat – Carnot: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1514873974
Lucretius: On the Nature of Things: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/0393341364
Heisenberg and the Interpretation of QM: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1107403510
Quantum Mechanics for Cosmologists: https://books.google.ca/books?id=qou0iiLPjyoC&pg=PA99
Faraday, Maxwell, and the EM Field: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1616149426
The Feeling of Life Itself – Christof Koch: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B08BTCX4BM
Articles Mentioned:
Time’s Arrow and Simultaneity (Barbour): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.14179
On the Moving Force of Heat (Clausius): https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/2559_Therm_Stat_Mech/docs/Clausius%20Moving%20Force%20heat%201851.pdf
On the Motions and Collisions of Elastic Spheres (Maxwell): http://www.alternativaverde.it/stel/documenti/Maxwell/1860/Maxwell%20%281860%29%20-%20Illustrations%20of%20the%20dynamical%20theory%20of%20gases.pdf
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell–Boltzmann_distribution
Identification of a Gravitational Arrow of Time: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0917
The Nature of Time: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0903.3489
The Solution to the Problem of Time in Shape Dynamics: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.6264
CPT-Symmetric Universe: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.08928
Mach’s Principle and Dynamical Theories (JSTOR): https://www.jstor.org/stable/2397395
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:35 Consciousness and the Nature of Reality
3:23 The Nature of Time and Change
7:01 The Role of Variety in Existence
9:23 Understanding Entropy and Temperature
36:10 Revisiting the Second Law of Thermodynamics
41:33 The Illusion of Entropy in the Universe
46:11 Rethinking the Past Hypothesis
55:03 Complexity, Order, and Newton's Influence
1:02:33 Evidence Beyond Quantum Mechanics
1:16:04 Age and Structure of the Universe
1:18:53 Open Universe and Ratios
1:20:15 Fundamental Particles and Ratios
1:24:20 Emergence of Structure in Age
1:27:11 Shapes and Their Explanations
1:32:54 Life and Variety in the Universe
1:44:27 Consciousness and Perception of Structure
1:57:22 Geometry, Experience, and Forces
2:09:27 The Role of Consciousness in Shape Dynamics
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science
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I've been working on this project assiduously and secretly since last year. It's been several months in the making, with several rewrites and several re-edits. It's finally ready to be released, thus shadow dropping it now. It's a 3-hour iceberg on Eric Weinstein's Geometric Unity. I work on understanding and explaining different Theories of Everything for a living, and this one is unlike any other you've seen. This iceberg covers the graduate-level math, but it also constantly provides explainers aimed at different levels for those who are uninitiated with physics and differential geometry. Enjoy.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
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#science
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Huel: Try Huel with 15% OFF + Free Gift for New Customers today using my code theoriesofeverything at https://huel.com/theoriesofeverything . Fuel your best performance with Huel today!
What really happens when you fall into a black hole? Physicist Neil Turok unveils a radical theory: there is no inside—only a mirror. You meet your antimatter twin, and annihilation follows. No multiverse. No extra dimensions. No information loss. Just elegant math and CPT symmetry. This is the simplest—and most profound—explanation of black holes to date. It rewrites what we thought we knew about the universe itself.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
04:14 The Paradox of Information Loss
11:04 CPT Symmetry and Its Implications
19:09 Stuckelberg's Insights on Antiparticles
29:34 The Black Mirror Solution Explained
41:21 Dramatic Encounters at the Horizon
51:51 The Unexpected Nature of the Metric
59:46 Exploring Quantum Effects in Black Holes
1:05:04 Black Hole Entropy and Observations
1:10:13 The Universe: Superposed and Entangled
1:15:15 The Economist's Insights
1:15:29 Quantum Mechanics and Classicality
1:20:35 Simplicity in Cosmology
1:21:58 The DESE Experiment and Dark Energy
1:26:40 The Cosmological Constant Dilemma
1:31:13 The Bet on Cosmological Theories
1:32:06 The UFO Debate with Neil deGrasse Tyson
1:34:52 The Nature of Time and Understanding
1:36:44 Spinning Galaxies and Cosmic Alignment
1:38:44 Understanding the Black Hole Model
1:41:59 The Mirror Universe Concept
1:49:41 Dimension Zero Scalars in Physics
1:55:15 Solving the Hierarchy Problem
1:56:46 The Future of Physics
2:14:06 Advice for Young Physicists
Links Mentioned:
- On the analytic extension of regular rotating black holes (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.11322
- Comment (2) on “Quantum Transfiguration of Kruskal Black Holes” (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04650
- Black Mirrors: CPT-Symmetric Alternatives to Black Holes (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.09558
- Path integral formulation (Wiki): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_integral_formulation#Feynman's_interpretation
- The dominant model of the universe is creaking (article): https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/19/the-dominant-model-of-the-universe-is-creaking
- Particle Creation by Black Holes (paper): https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=-AEEg5AAAAAJ&citation_for_view=-AEEg5AAAAAJ:maZDTaKrznsC
- The distribution of galaxy rotation in JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.18781
- Cancelling the vacuum energy and Weyl anomaly in the standard model with dimension-zero scalar fields (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.06258
- Gravitational entropy and the flatness, homogeneity and isotropy puzzles (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.07279
- Radiative Mass Mechanism: Addressing the Flavour Hierarchy and Strong CP Puzzle (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.13385
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
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#science
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Today we are joined by philosopher Jennifer Nagel for a take-no-prisoners look at universal skepticism—philosophy’s greatest deception. We unpack why doubt itself is the ultimate illusion, how knowledge is primitive instant recognition, and what this means for self, free will & consciousness.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:28 The Nature of Knowledge
10:58 Philosophers and the Skeptical Mindset
16:57 Types of Skepticism
22:27 Exploring Knowledge Attribution
29:51 The Illusion of Knowledge
34:16 Knowing Without Knowing
38:10 Writing About Knowledge
46:10 Analyzing Knowledge
55:08 The Gettier Problem and Its Challenges
1:01:10 The Functionality of Knowledge
1:11:23 Collaborative Understanding of Knowledge
2:10:00 Understanding and Consciousness
2:26:32 Truth and Its Nature
2:32:16 Superposition and Contradictions
2:32:19 Conclusion
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join
Links Mentioned:
- Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction (book): https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Very-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/019966126X
- Knowledge and its Limits (book): https://www.amazon.ca/Knowledge-its-Limits-Timothy-Williamson/dp/019925656X
- Very Short Introductions (series): https://www.google.com/search?q=a+very+short+introduction+to+series&sca_esv=3da4db664be6b3a1&ei=ypX6Z6flHsDniLMP2v2QkQk&ved=0ahUKEwin8oSB9tKMAxXAM2IAHdo-JJIQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=a+very+short+introduction+to+series&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiI2EgdmVyeSBzaG9ydCBpbnRyb2R1Y3Rpb24gdG8gc2VyaWVzMgUQABiABDILEAAYgAQYhgMYigUyCxAAGIAEGIYDGIoFMgsQABiABBiGAxiKBTIIEAAYogQYiQUyCBAAGIAEGKIEMggQABiABBiiBDIFEAAY7wVIqBRQxAtYwBBwAXgAkAEAmAFZoAGtAqoBATS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgSgAocCwgIKEAAYsAMY1gQYR8ICDRAuGIAEGLADGEMYigXCAg0QABiABBiwAxhDGIoFwgIPEAAYgAQYQxiKBRhGGPsBwgIbEAAYgAQYQxiKBRhGGPsBGJcFGIwFGN0E2AEBwgIGEAAYBxgemAMAiAYBkAYKugYGCAEQARgTkgcBNKAHph6yBwEzuAf_AQ&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#wgvs=e
- Time: A Very Short Introduction (book): https://www.amazon.ca/Time-Short-Introduction-Jenann-Ismael/dp/0198832664
- Laplace meets Godel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB3tS7j7nNU
- Flexible Goals (paper): https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cogs.13195
- The Legend of the Justified True Belief Analysis (paper): https://philpapers.org/archive/DUTTLO-3.pdf
- Lay Denial of Knowledge for Justified True Beliefs (paper): https://philpapers.org/archive/NAGLDO
- TOE’s Consciousness Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDjnEiys98o
- Matt Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM
- Curt reads Plato’s Cave: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PurNlwnxwfY
- David Bentley Hart on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEAgVvW9i10
- Donald Hoffman on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmieNQH7Q4w&t=1s
- Iain McGilchrist on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-SgOwc6Pe4&t=6326s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal
- Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DUft-BdIE
- John Vervaeke on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVj1KYGyesI&t=1s
- Wolfgang Smith on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp18_L_y_30
- Polymath’s Ai panel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abzXzPBW4_s
- Donald Hoffman and Philip Goff on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmaIBxkqcT4
- Robert Sapolsky on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0IqA1hYKY8&pp=ygUUY3VydCByb2JlcnQgc2Fwb2xza3k%3D
- Curt debunks the “all possible paths” myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0&t=46s
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
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#science
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Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Links Mentioned:
- Original Substack article: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/particles-dont-take-all-possible
- Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-interpretations-of-quantum-mechanics?utm_source=publication-search
- Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrUvtqr4wOs
- Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss
- Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo
- Eva Miranda on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XyMepn-AZo
- Mithuna’s channel: https://www.youtube.com/@LookingGlassUniverse
- Mithuna Yoganathan on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2ct0zv_M-I
- Defining light (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/well-technically
- What is energy, actually? (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-is-energy-actually
- TOE’s String Theory Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY
- Paper on Bell’s Theorem: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.17521
- Veritasium’s YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/@veritasium
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
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#science
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Today we are joined by physicist and philosopher Emily Adlam for her first appearance on Theories of Everything to challenge one of the deepest assumptions in science: that time flows. In this thought-provoking conversation, Adlam presents her “all-at-once” view of physics, where the universe is more like a completed Sudoku puzzle than a film playing forward. We explore the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the role of the observer, the illusion of causality, and why these foundational questions demand both philosophical clarity and scientific precision.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
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Links Mentioned:
• Emily’s profile: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emily-Adlam
• Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance (paper): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7512241/pdf/entropy-20-00041.pdf
• Quantum Field Theory and the Limits of Reductionism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20457
• Two Roads of Retrocausality (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.12934
• Taxonomy for Physics Beyond Quantum Mechanics (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.12293
• Strong Determinism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02886
• Carlo Rovelli on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY
• Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4
• Emily interviewed about Nonlocality: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iR7aPlZg7dE&ab_channel=GeorgeMusser
• Tim Palmer on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlklA6jsS8A
• Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss
• Algorithmic Randomness and Probabilistic Laws (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.01411
• Governing Without a Fundamental Direction of Time (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09226
• Matt Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM
• Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=33
• Sabine Hossenfelder on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3y-Z0pgupg&t=1s
• Bernardo Kastrup and Sabine on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJmBmopxc1k&t=755s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal
• Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
00:56 Observers in Quantum Mechanics
02:15 The Measurement Problem
06:23 Dogmas in Quantum Foundations
08:24 Causation and Its Philosophical Implications
09:12 The Arrow of Time and Its Mysteries
10:28 Exploring Coarse Graining and Reductionism
13:21 Non-Locality: Temporal vs. Spatial
16:06 The Nature of Non-Locality
19:34 Temporal Non-Locality and Its Implications
21:51 Retrocausality: The All-at-Once Perspective
26:25 The Measurement Problem and All-at-Once Framework
28:24 Observer-Centric Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
31:29 Probabilities in Physics
32:51 The Process Matrix and Causal Structures
38:33 Foundations of Physics and Philosophy
1:05:16 The Emergence of Space-Time
1:08:11 Exploring Correlations in Physical Parameters
1:10:44 Epistemology of the Measurement Problem
1:13:26 Lessons in Patience and Persistence
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science
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As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Today we are joined by theoretical physicist Claudia de Rham for her return appearance on Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal to discuss the possibility that gravity itself has mass. In this mind-bending conversation, she explores how this idea challenges long-held assumptions in general relativity and opens the door to a new understanding of dark energy and the structure of the universe. We also dive into the frontiers of cosmology, quantum gravity, and what it means to question the foundations of physics.
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join
Links Mentioned:
• The Beauty of Falling (Claudia’s book): https://amzn.to/4i4Z9cx
• Claudia’s published papers: https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/c.de-rham/publications
• Claudia’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve_Mpd6dGv8&t=83s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal
• Carlo Rovelli on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY
• Curt’s Substack article on energy: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-is-energy-actually
• Neil Turok on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUp9x44N3uE
• Tim Palmer on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlklA6jsS8A
• DESI article on The Economist: https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/19/the-dominant-model-of-the-universe-is-creaking
• String Theory Iceberg on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY
• Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p_Hlm6aCok
• Chiara Marletto and Vlatko Vedral on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uey_mUy1vN0
• TOE’s telling of “The Dark History of Anti-Gravity”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBA3RUxkZdc
• Positive Signs in Massive Gravity (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.04068
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction
01:20 - Claudia's Approach
09:11 - Claudia's Motivation
14:45 - Dark Energy
23:35 - Causality
27:19 - Other Approaches
45:10 - New Physics
50:47 - Dark Energy (continued)
57:36 - Quantum Gravity / String Theory
01:14:10 - Gravitons & Photons
01:21:44 - Symmetry
01:30:25 - Double Slit Experiment
01:50:15 - Cosmology
01:54:45 - Massive Graviton
02:00:10 - Conclusion
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science
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As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
What if you had a thousand doctors working for you 24/7, at virtually no cost? In this episode of Theories of Everything, a panel of leading AI and medical experts explores how “medical swarms” of intelligent agents could revolutionize healthcare, making personalized, concierge-level treatment accessible to all. This isn’t science fiction, it’s the near future and it will change everyone’s life.
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join
Links Mentioned:
• Ekkolapto: https://www.ekkolapto.org/polymath
• Ekkolapto’s Longevity Hackathon: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy5dPSW_KkniuHpoLwlzkYcxhxn50Mn0T
• William Hahn’s lab: https://mpcrlab.com/
• Michael Levin’s presentation at ekkolapto: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Exdz2HKP7u0
• Gil Blander’s InsideTracker (website): https://blog.insidetracker.com/
• Dan Elton’s website: https://www.moreisdifferent.com/
• FAU’s Sandbox: https://www.fau.edu/sandbox/
• Will Hahn on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr4R7eh5f_M&t=1s
• Will Hahn’s in-person interview on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fkg0uTA3qU
• Michael Levin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s
• Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4
• Neil Turok’s lecture on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gwhqmPqRl4&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlOYgTu7P4nfjYkv3mkikyBa&index=13
• Robin Hanson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEomfUU4PDs
• Tyler Goldstein (YouTube): http://www.youtube.com/@theoryofeveryone GO TO THIS MAN'S YOUTUBE CHANNEL. HE HELPED WITH THE CAMERA WORK IMPROMPTU AND ALSO HAS A FANTASTIC CHANNEL ANALYZING THEORIES. THANK YOU, TYLER!
• Joscha Bach on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MNBxfrmfmI
• Manolis Kellis on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g56lxZwnaqg
• Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DUft-BdIE
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
4:43 A New Approach to Healthcare
5:33 AI in Medical Imaging
7:40 Cognitive Models
11:09 Education in Medicine
23:02 Exploring the Boundaries of AI
32:04 The Future of AI in Medicine
37:20 Swarming Agents
41:49 The Ethics of AI in Healthcare
45:17 AI into Clinical Practice
55:58 Preparing for an AI-Driven Future
1:15:03 The Human Element in Medicine
1:17:19 Emotional Intelligence in AI
1:20:11 Unified Theory in Medicine
1:21:31 Conclusion
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science
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Rula patients typically pay $15 per session when using insurance. Connect with quality therapists and mental health experts who specialize in you at https://www.rula.com/TOE #rulapod
Try Huel with 15% OFF + Free Gift for New Customers today using my code theoriesofeverything at https://huel.com/theoriesofeverything . Fuel your best performance with Huel today!
Is Earth being monitored by an advanced civilization one million years ahead of us? And does this alien civilization actually share an ancient past with humanity? Economist Robin Hanson explores a provocative theory suggesting that highly evolved extraterrestrials may be subtly observing us—either as caretakers or as part of a long-running experiment. From there, the conversation delves into the intricacies of academic funding and the peer review process.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Links Mentioned:
- Robin’s blog: https://www.overcomingbias.com/
- Robin’s profile: https://economics.gmu.edu/people/rhanson
- Robin’s book: https://www.amazon.com/Age-Em-Work-Robots-Earth/dp/0198754620
- Tyler Cowen on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwieLd7Lyc8&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal
- Gregory Chaitin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoEuav8G6sY
- Matthew Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM
- Daniel Van Zant’s article on incentive markets: https://www.danielvanzant.com/p/breakthrough-incentive-markets
- Michael Levin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s
- Lue Elizondo on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAmFlLfsZKM
- Ross Coulthart on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQnGcX7oxms
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction
01:36 - The Great Filter
05:38 - Where Are The Aliens?
09:13 - UFOs
16:50 - Panspermia
23:05 - Alien Hierarchies
27:30 - Alien Culture & Motivations
33:18 - Probability of Aliens
39:18 - Truth
49:41 - Fall of Academia
01:11:27 - Peer Review
01:20:22 - Ranking Ideas
01:23:09 - The System is “Broken”
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science #aliens
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Dr. Michael Levin is on the verge of revolutionizing medicine by unlocking the bioelectric code that governs how cells communicate, heal, and build complex structures. His work reveals that intelligence exists at every level of biology—allowing us to reprogram tissues, regenerate limbs, and even suppress cancer by restoring cellular memory and connection.
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com
Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE
Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join
Links:
- Michael Levin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s
- The Levin Lab (website): https://drmichaellevin.org/
- Michael’s blog: https://thoughtforms.life/
- Michael’s presentations: https://drmichaellevin.org/presentations/
- Michael and colleagues discussing anthrobots and other groundbreaking research on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hG6GIzNM0aM
- ekkólapto (website): https://www.ekkolapto.org/
- ekkólapto Events: https://lu.ma/calendar/cal-GqNtzHBC2j8ARjb
- Curt Jaimungal’s presentation at Polymath: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCkMyjzQDeg
- Will Hahn on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr4R7eh5f_M
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
02:45 The Role of Bioelectricity in Medicine
7:00 Multi-Scale Problem Solving
7:55 The Intelligence of Development
11:41 Decoding Electrical Memories
12:29 The Power of Bioelectric Signals
13:20 Rewiring Cellular Communication
15:29 Cancer and Cellular Networks
16:30 Birth Defects and Bioelectricity
18:28 Regeneration and Bioelectric Pathways
22:50 Inducing Novel Organs
25:35 The Future of Medicine
26:24 Audience Interaction and Questions
31:34 The Future of Bioelectricity
38:55 Integrating Bioelectricity with Evolution
44:17 Preventative Strategies in Medicine
45:45 Closing Remarks and Resources
46:30 Conclusion
Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt
Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs
#science #biology
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