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  • TCW Podcast Episode 211 - Ramtek

    Ramtek was an unlikely entrant into the video game space. Starting off as employees of Data Disc Corporation, Charles McEwan and John Metzler aimed to use technology to positively impact society. With a focus on high-end displays, money was slow to come in. A local bar, Andy Capp's Tavern, frequented by company's engineers, served as a test site for the new Atari Pong arcade game. Fascinated by Pong, Ramtek's engineers decided to create their own version, marking the beginning of their foray into video games and later electro-mechanical games. One of their top engineers, Pete Kauffman, left to found Exidy to focus solely on video games. For many years, Ramtek's coin-op division sustained the company, ensuring cash flow and becoming the core of their business. Despite setbacks, including a poorly designed baseball game, a failed pinball transition, and a devastating fire at their uninsured Sunnyvale facility, Ramtek recovered and went public in 1978. By then, their high-end display busines had succeeded, reducing the coin-op division's importance. The coin-op business was eventually sold to Charles's brother, Mel McEwan, and continued as Meltec until its sale in 2003.

    How do Hard Drives Work?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wteUW2sL7bc

    Systtem 370 & 3330 Hard Drive: https://youtu.be/oLnvvOoWnzU?t=430

    Fujitsu 14" Winchester HDD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCtlcmzGCTk

    IBM 350 RAMAC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTkL4FQL2FI

    VHS Tapes - Were they as bad as we remember?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00QS3lXJeI

    How X-Rays see through your skin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsV7SJDDCY4

    Gama Camera Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Q8MPBrGRqs

    Gamma (or Scintillation) Cameras Presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEtYQaEwNwk

    Pong Prototype: https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=891

    More Pong Prototype: https://www.flickr.com/photos/naotoj/15391150690

    TCW 051 - Sons of Pong: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sons-of-pong/

    Ramtek Volly: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/volly

    Ramtek Soccer: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/soccer

    Ramtek Hockey: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/hockey

    Ramtek Wipeout Cabinet: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/wipe-out

    Ramtek Wipeout Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_TmOD0IHFM

    Ramtek Clean Sweep Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRzbgzKSdeo

    Ramtek Clean Sweep Cabinet: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/clean-sweep

    TCW 201 - Advanced Balls and Paddles Part 1: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/advanced-balls-and-paddles-part-1/

    TCW 202 - Advanced Balls and Paddles Part 2: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/advanced-balls-and-paddles-part-2/

    Ramtek's Baseball: https://x.com/GameResearch_E/status/1276734082240729088

    Ramtek Trivia: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/trivia

    Ramtek Horoscope: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibBFg4GQvSQ

    Ramtek Dark Invader: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Arcade/dark-invader

    Star Cruiser Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-NycOXE7pA

    Star Cruiser Flyer: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/star-cruiser

    Ramtek Sea Battle Flyer: https://www.arcade-museum.com/Videogame/sea-battle

    M79 Ambush Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFqubJx7wig

    M79 Ambush Flyer and Promotion: https://imgur.com/gallery/m-79-m79-ambush-videogames-advert-late-70s-ramtek-pLhiWGL

    Classic Boom Ball: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UJ10Vuifdw

    Boom Ball Clowns: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsCwIYv6o5g

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 210 - Accolade Part 2

    In our second look at Accolade, we cover the company’s gradual decline in the 90's leading to its acquisition by Infogrames. The desire to expand into console games grew too strong, and Accolade decided to save money on production costs by clean-room engineering the lockout mechanism on the SEGA Genesis. Meanwhile, SEGA was working on an internal revision that would tie their trademarked logo into the startup handshake. This would give them the leverage they needed to sue anyone who reverse-engineered the system. Accolade managed to get the injunction on their games dissolved, but SEGA still retained the option to sue them. Ultimately, Accolade was forced to settle with SEGA to release their games, which left them with ongoing debt that would continue to haunt them. Accolade continued to struggle to grow their franchises. They had the disastrous release of Bubsy 3D, coinciding with the launch of classics like Mario 64, Tomb Raider, and Crash Bandicoot. In the end, Infogrames acquired Accolade, largely due to its distribution network. However, this acquisition was soon overshadowed by Infogrames’ later purchase of GT Interactive. What little was left of Accolade was merged into Infogrames Inc.

    Jack Nicklaus Golf (Konami - NES): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOitBakgLKo

    Star Control (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFHzXAuB1tE

    Hardball! (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkeCqRXihJE

    Mega Turrican (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H-qskYLiAE

    Onslaught (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-C_CcoE6d4

    Mike Ditka Power Football (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xJwyug0_xI

    Secrets of the Nintendo Gameboy Logo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1cUIGHZLGA

    Les Manley in - Lost in LA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpTnB_nIgcU

    Altered Destiney: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMqmjiGrkq0

    Star Control II: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnV8yQ-OQ0c

    Outrun (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EJdB3Hw8xE

    Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSkSqtgmBrM

    Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind (SNES): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVngvbQfkk4

    Bubsy Pilot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HRZV5AXBy8

    Bubsy II (Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyQ9yuGOylQ

    Bubsy in Fractured Furry Tales (Atari Jaguar): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R1Irhk1haU

    FAO Schwarz Private Family Tour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmdHfzkE3-8

    TCW 128 - Nintendo in 1985: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/nintendo-in-1985/

    Big - Piano Scene (1988): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF7-rz9nIn4

    Test Drive 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKqfnnSFDPg&list=PLPQkf2wwvE4Ln1CY2F2Vrw4ZY1OGXkZwV

    Test Drive Off Road: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kJxqImIfOU

    Deadlock - Planetary Conquest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BTFq25WWhs

    Star Control III: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmPwJKcMGKY&list=PLi8KI0sgXnc43fDeUJh7injkgM69bZ7Rp

    Jack Ncklaus 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Zjju2_hesw

    Lee Carvallo's Putting Challenge: https://simpsons.fandom.com/wiki/Lee_Carvallo%27s_Putting_Challenge

    Bubsy 3D: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQ2A36p9D8o

    Jumping Flash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAONnDAYJOE

    Super Mario 64: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vT3AaQ77ges

    Crash Bandicoot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK-h4M4Aetg

    Tomb Raider: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byJ5to20C6I

    TCW 064 - The Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 1: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-1/

    TCW 065 - The Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 2: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-2/

    Test Drive 6: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1PXuzZjRsI

    Test Drive Off Road 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWwtC_fwAoQ

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  • TCW Podcast Episode 209 - Accolade Part 1

    In part one of a two-part retrospective, we explore how the pressures of the North American video game crash combined with the desire to create more sophisticated products for home computer platforms led Alan Miller and Bob Whitehead to leave Activision and establish their own company, Accolade. Publishing a mix of internally developed and third-party product, Accolade finds success through several popular sports franchises, including Hardball, Jack Nicklaus Golf and, most significantly, Test Drive. By the beginning of the 1990s, the company remains small, but profitable, and is ready to parlay its success on computer platforms to still greater success in the rapidly growing 16-bit console market.

    TCW 126 - Activision and Atari: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/activision-and-atari/

    TCW 009 - History of Mediagenic Part 1: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/history-of-mediagenic-part-i/

    TCW 010 - History of Mediagenic Part 2: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/history-of-mediagenic-part-ii/

    TCW 172 - The Computer Price Wars Part 1: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-computer-price-wars-part-1/

    TCW 173 - The Computer Wars part 2: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-computer-wars-part-2/

    TCW 174 - The Computer Wars Part 3: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-computer-wars-part-3/

    Law of the West (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrMk9RyCWKI

    PSI-5 Trading Company (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56E21gQq1TE

    Hardball (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=jejblUhw3hU

    High Noon Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9CR_tib0CA

    Gunsmoke 1966 opening: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui-mzTCmZPE

    Hardball (ZX Spectrum): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwuKr6sa0S8

    Hardball (Sega Genesis): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkeCqRXihJE

    Fourth and Inches (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1672sYyMrg

    TCW 156 - Madden for some Football: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/madden-for-some-football/

    Sundog: Frozen Empire (Atari ST): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg_hEY_hy9U

    Ace of Aces (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=059zzI6sdxo

    Hardball (PC/DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzPHxCO17aw

    Empire Strike Back (Atari 2600): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcWGvwYWHgY

    Jedi Arena (Atari 2600): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKLLpjF0QkM

    Mean 18 (PC DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4tX_ZVXwI0

    Jack Nicklaus' Greatest 18 Holes of Major Championship Golf gameplay (PC DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DOeXCiMbG8

    Test Drive (PC DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAj1jPvz8t8

    Accolade Comics (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkjkycHvHsE

    Test Drive (C64): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBl2zpfR3Bo

    TCW 122 - A Casual World Part 1: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/a-casual-world-part-1/

    TCW 123 - A Casual World Part 2: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/a-casual-world-part-2/

    ISHIDO - The Way of the Stones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZmLAC3pVFM

    TCW 094 - Epyx not Epic: https://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/epyx-not-epic/

    Star Control (PC DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSqJ0nPDDzs

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 208 - Two Dunes: The Battle for Arrakis

    In this episode, we delve into the expansive universe of Dune, a rich tapestry woven with themes, warnings, and boundless inspiration. Its profound impact extends beyond literature, influencing science fiction and serving as a wellspring of creativity for writers, artists, and futurists alike. Our focus shifts to the realm of gaming as we explore the intricate landscape of adaptations, particularly the simultaneous development of two landmark Dune games by Virgin Games. Cryo Interactive's adventure strategy game "Dune" and Westwood Studio's real-time strategy game "Dune 2: Battle for Arrakis" emerge as distinct creations, each influenced by its respective studio's vision. We navigate the complexities of rights acquisition following Frank Herbert's passing and the lukewarm reception of the 1984 film adaptation, shedding light on the intricate plots and tangled webs that define these two seminal Dune gaming experiences.

    DUNE Series Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJ658qV-xAg

    What's The Point of Dune: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJAyPjX8r2YThe Original Sand Dunes That Inspired Dune: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kU44RjBSXm0

    Dune - The Heresy of Frank Herbert: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrP7sjBa0hg

    Dune's Writing is Incredible. Here's Why.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ms5hDWafhw

    Metaethics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOoffXFpAlU

    Judging History: Projecting Morals Backwards: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2x7aIywXG4

    What Makes a Hero: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hhk4N9A0oCA

    Why Paul is Not the Hero of Dune: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNcsWDc4w2o

    Paul Atreides is a Warning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hh1hShH3oHM

    Dune (1984) Dune Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzUlXEyvJeA

    TCW 133 - Rolling Dice with the Parker Brother's: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/rolling-dice-with-the-parker-brothers/

    Atari 2600 Dune Prototype: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDwft29dOlM

    TCW 017 - The British 8-Bit Computer Market: Hardware: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-british-8-bit-computer-market-hardware/

    TCW 018 - The British 8-Bit Computer Market: Software: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-british-8-bit-computer-market-software/

    TCW 131 - Sir Clive of ZX: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sir-clive-of-zx/

    TCW 194 - The 7th Guest: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-7th-guest/

    Cool Spot (Dos): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4I4fHvtUxAs

    McDonald Land (1992): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKUDPl9y9xk

    Macadam Bumper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0e-jG506wY

    TCW 064 - Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-1/

    TCW 065 - The Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-2/

    Captain Blood (Atari ST): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeNKepH2ut4

    Gandahar (Lightyears) Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdrCK5TNG6c

    Simpsons - Worker and Parasite: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2_dhUv_CrI

    (Westwood Studios) - The Legends of Kyrandia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQuBkU3SzxY

    Herzog Zwei Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYfYrhT82RM

    Military Madness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv1ddpLkMOY

    Populous Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4po_dJZuEQ

    Populous Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjPeeJ9gfl0

    TCW 050 - Civilizing Sid Meier: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/civilizing-sid-meier/

    Civilization 1 Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnfkrhREDDM

    (Cryo Interactive) Dune: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_B4WPnf-AY

    Westwood Studios) Dune 2 - Battle for Arrakis - Atreides Campaign: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOscXf0Fpmk

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 207 - SEGA Saturn Part 2

    In the second part of our examination of the SEGA Saturn, we delve into its influences, challenges, and lasting impact. Beginning with a detailed analysis of its pricing strategy, we scrutinize the psychological effect of pricing items at $99, creating an illusion of affordability. We then explore the cultural context in Japan, highlighting the tradition of Otoshidama and its influence on the perception of video games compared to the United States. Additionally, we investigate the collaborative efforts between SEGA of Japan and SEGA of America, particularly in the development of the 32X add-on for the SEGA Genesis. Despite potential advancements, concerns arose about the perceived high cost for a market still viewing video games as disposable toys. The emergence of SEGA's arcade division further complicated matters with the release of Virtua Fighter, signaling the advent of 3D gaming. This shift was notably exemplified by Virtua Fighter's port to the Saturn and the success of SEGA Rally Championship in Japan. Conversely, in the United States, the allure of sprite-based consoles persisted, while the rapidly expanding library of the PlayStation overshadowed the Saturn's appeal.

    Reboot 99.99.99: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt2xW8nh864

    KFC Christmas Japan: A Delicious Alternate Reality: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFw-TZzqX8MThe Bizarre Japanese Tradition of Having KFC for Christmas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drgKABHouk4

    The Original Meaning of Otoshidama: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5VH9Vp_Yuc

    All SEGA CD/32X Games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzG-OAdbpC8

    TCW 190 - SEGA and CSK Pt 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sega-and-csk-part-1/

    TCW 191- SEGA and CSK Pt 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sega-and-csk-part-2/

    SEGA Saturn - Nights into Dreams: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFxH6-g8FGQ

    Virtua Fighter Arcade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7HQ2vspMHA

    Japan Sega Saturn Commercials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc3AK8k90xw

    Sega Saturn Virtua Fighter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl895zXjfyQ

    SEGA Rally Championship (Saturn): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x_E1wUvzb4

    E3 SEGA Saturn Press Conference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UrXV53QKmk

    PlayStation E3 299: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClvEzZoYb1Y

    Tomb Raider (Saturn): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfTnITt-vkU

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 206 - SEGA Saturn Part 1

    In this in-depth exploration of the SEGA Saturn, our focus delves into the intricate technology that underpins the console. We delve into the challenges associated with 3D modeling, collision detection, and object occlusion, scrutinizing how the Saturn, primarily a sprite-based system, manages to incorporate 3D elements. The pivotal moment arrives with the announcement of the Sony PlayStation, prompting SEGA's aspirations for enhanced 3D capabilities. SEGA sought Hitachi's involvement to augment the machine's speed for handling 3D demands. Fortuitously, the utilization of the SH2 chip presented an opportunity for two processors to collaborate seamlessly. Our discussion delves into the profound technical intricacies, laying the groundwork for the subsequent episode where we will unravel the repercussions of these technological endeavors for SEGA and the Saturn.

    TCW 127 - Dreams of SEGA: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/dreams-of-sega/

    TCW 129 - The Crash That Almost Was: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-crash-that-almost-was/

    Workstation VS Desktop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpBWaiWcXAk

    Workstation VS Gaming PCs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMSx2MUHSWM

    The Abyss - CGI Making of 1989: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAFIUuFRkBA

    Terminator 2 Advanced Photorealistic Morphing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37YrnLbQda0

    How Did They Get the CGI in Jurassic Park to Look so Good?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4UuQxjFpfU

    TCW 087 - Virtual History: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/virtual-history/

    Z-Buffer - Friday Minis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9GyYKcLDaw

    How Games Have Worked for 30 Years to Do Less Work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHYxjpYep_M

    Doom Engine - Limited but still 3D: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYGJQqhMN1U

    Collision Detection in Quake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLHXn8IlAiA

    MDShock: https://mdshock.com/

    RISC vs CISK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rxade2nEjk

    Universal Logic Gates: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPLg_P9dHNY

    Rodrigo Copetti Technical Breakdown Website https://www.copetti.org/

    SEGA Saturn Architecture: https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/sega-saturn/

    SEGA Saturn Polygon Distorted Sprite Demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TleepxIORU

    Why Was the SEGA Saturn so Hard to Develop On: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa5pIfDvd68

    Why Triangulate Game Assets: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oY_Ogj9Gh0

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 205 - Shepherd's Mass Effect 2 & 3

    In our examination of the second and third installments of the Mass Effect trilogy, we delve into the development of each game and the transformative impact of BioWare's acquisition by EA. Mass Effect 2 marked a notable departure, shifting away from RPG elements towards a more structured shooter, with a renewed emphasis on narrative, albeit sidelining the original game's crew and downplaying choices made in its predecessor. Regrettably, Mass Effect 3 faced challenges, including the departure of its head writer and a departure from the hard sci-fi roots. The third game disappointed fans as high aspirations fell short, particularly in the lack of meaningful impact from player choices on the ending, which itself was criticized for adopting a Deus Ex Machina style conclusion. Despite these setbacks, the series retains a devoted fan base, attesting to its enduring appeal.

    Want to get Alex's book? Want to save some cash doing so? Want more books, and help charities? We got you!https://www.humblebundle.com/books/game-architecture-worldbuilding-and-ai-taylor-francis-books

    Mass Effect Storyline in 3 Minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WfTN57dOVg

    KOTOR Conversation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8F-qqxGPNQ

    MASS Effect Conversation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vSGwx0zvek

    Mass Effect Lore - The Asari: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb20dR_X1E0

    The Dirty Dozen Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ff1V6ywnWcY

    ME2 - Mordin Performing Scientist Salarian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bj0iJtgHOCI

    Mass Effect - Cerberus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_et4nN7LtAA

    ME3 Endings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQ1O_w0ksgw

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 204 - Exploring the Mass Effect

    In part one of a two-part exploration of the original Mass Effect trilogy, the game emerges as a synthesis of diverse influences from literary books, video games, art styles, TV shows, and movies. Drawing heavily from Bablyon 5 and the TV series 24, the main framework of Mass Effect reflects a blend of narrative inspirations. The art style, inspired by luminaries such as architect Santiago Calatrava, futurist Syd Mead, and John Harris, contributes to the game's visually captivating universe. The initial year of development was dedicated to crafting a compelling hard sci-fi universe. A key goal was to imbue the game with cinematic qualities and broaden its audience appeal, challenging the conventions of RPGs at the time. The innovative use of a dialog wheel, featuring concise words to convey dialog choices, coupled with full voice acting for both player characters and the main protagonist, marked significant strides in the gaming landscape.

    KOTR in 3 Minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTCSPo7ZuSE

    SCTV YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFb0L4MQziTjEsJKTbFgm8Q

    The Wild Life - Rick Moranis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mM9qvLYeI8

    Rick Moranis - SNL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xzeyvaj1FiM

    "The Final Hours of Mass Effect 3": https://me3finalhours.com/#:~:text=Q%3A%20What%20is%20the%20Final,creative%20process%20behind%20the%20games.

    The Complete Deus Ex Retrospective: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yD54ndTFVU

    StarFlight: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foX2Mn1TIzk

    Hard VS Soft Sci-Fi - What do they mean?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vsbm2YDhItM

    The Physics of Space Battles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFOuxAx-dkc

    The Truth About Space War: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Xs3mGhQGxM

    Syd Mead - Visual Futurism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuMIrHlAf2Q

    Mr Spock Attempts Mind Meld with V'ger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qpO47Iskac

    Santiago Calatrava: https://calatrava.com/

    Santiago Calatrava: A selection of projects from all around the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEjJXEwicuA

    Babylon 5 - Everything You Didn't Know: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50xmPWmLUko

    John Harris - Beyond the Horizon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTuZlYJOw-Q

    Book Notes Mass - The Art of John Harris: https://adamrowe.substack.com/p/book-notes-mass-the-art-of-john-harris

    24's Jack Bauer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKKTkTMAJBw

    Mass Effect 2006 E3 Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCvCvqbn4qY

    Mass Effect 1 - Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BT5HhrIQfrY

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 203 - Alone In The Dark

    Despite appearing outdated by today's standards, Alone in the Dark remains a highly influential game in the survival horror genre. Numerous franchises, including Silent Hill, Resident Evil, and Eternal Darkness, either cite or incorporate tropes popularized by Alone in the Dark. Spearheaded by Frédérick Raynal, the game drew inspiration from Giallo films and Alfred Hitchcock's suspenseful works. It pioneered the use of 3D models in a pre-rendered environment with fixed camera angles, a technique later adopted as a staple on the first Sony PlayStation. Despite its significant success, Raynal departed Infogrames due to a lack of recognition, inadequate compensation, and the directive to create a new game with the same engine within a year. Subsequently, he founded his own company, Adeline Software.

    Content Warning: The movies and genres referenced may not be suitable for some audiences.

    Can You Hack Your Eyes to See Upside Down: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Euwp4C6Wt8A

    Dawn of the Dead (1978) Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_EviQj5tvA

    The Amityville Horror: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iwa120o7m7k

    No Film School - Giallo Firm: https://nofilmschool.com/giallo-film-genre-explained

    Horror Press - Horror 101 - Giallo: https://horrorpress.com/misc/5539/horror-101-what-is-giallo-and-why-does-it-matter/

    Dario Argento: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dario_Argento

    Mario Bava: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Bava

    The Bird with the Crystal Plumage Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UztVF1nJTBo

    Suspiria: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPs2ExUL_bc

    Alfred Hitchcock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock

    Top 10 Alfred Hitchcock Movies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVoVdKOLP04

    10 Things You Don't Know About Alfred Hitchcock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9BS9SJxbxc

    12 Common Camera Angles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlNviMsi0K0

    Popcorn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ea5-eFU3oA

    Drakken: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5RlWuY3gXU

    TCW 064 - The Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-1/

    TCW 065 - The Rise and Fall of Infogrames Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-rise-and-fall-of-infogrames-part-2/

    Star Glider 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg3uQM83dl8

    Alpha Waves (DOS): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9qAtVwSIV8

    PBS Monstrum - The Origins of the Zombie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIGmsxBMnjA

    Shadow of the Comet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Dwukeu8alE

    The Case of Charles Dexter Ward: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va7WZT1lVsc

    44 Lovecraftian Monsters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDPqZUja9wU

    Alone in the Dark - Artwork - Goomba Stomp: https://goombastomp.com/in-retrospect-the-original-alone-in-the-dark/

    Alone in the Dark - Retrospective, Analysis and Critique: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51YNZV5QAFc

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 202 - Advanced Balls and Paddles Part 2

    Following the release of Breakout by Atari, its influence spread to Japan, sparking a surge in demand that prompted numerous Japanese companies to enter the video game industry by creating clones of the popular game. Seeking innovation, Exidy developed Circus, introducing new elements to the Breakout formula. The widespread appeal of Breakout extended to the home gaming market with Atari and Nintendo releasing ball and paddle games. A standout in this genre was the uniquely designed Warlords, which evolved in parallel as an arcade and console game. Concluding our exploration, we delve into the history of Arkanoid, unveiling its captivating story, including previously unknown details about the creators that have yet to be found in English sources.

    Monaco GP: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGTGoKR7hUI

    TCW 179 - Space Invaders and Nishikado: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/space-invaders-and-nishikado/

    TCW 180 - Space Invaders Part II: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/space-invaders-part-ii/

    TCW 029 - 50 Years of Namco: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/50-years-of-namco/

    TCW 165 - Allied Leisure: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/allied-leisure/

    Breakout Cocktail Cabinet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCE6zjRujps

    Mr Do: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_BBQWed8Vk

    TCW 052 - The Many Faces of Konami: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-many-faces-of-konami/

    TCW 077 - Invading Taito Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/invading-taito-part-1/

    TCW 078 - Invading Taito Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/invading-taito-part-2/

    Taito TT Block: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTpha-l6ve4

    Exidy Circus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFm3b7e2tV8

    Breakout and Super Breakout: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5xo-IzERu0

    TCW 051- Sons of Pong: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sons-of-pong/

    Video Pinball: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSdH1I80ESQ

    Nintendo Kuzushi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-XAvkZIBQ0

    Video Olympics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rie4hsUeDuA

    Warlords VCS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDzQ8QhGJdY

    Warlords Arcade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y2xYX6h380

    Arkanoid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Th-Z6QQ5AOQ

    TCW 028 - Picking up the Pieces: The US Arcade Industry After the Crash: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/picking-up-the-pieces-the-us-arcade-industry-after-the-crash/

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 201 - Advanced Balls and Paddles Part 1

    In this two-part exploration of advancements in ball and paddle games beyond Pong, we delve into the human fascination with balls and trace the evolution of coin-operated games leading to Pong's creation. Ramtek's contributions, especially with Wipe Out and Clean Sweep, spurred Atari to experiment with new ideas, resulting in Pin Pong. Other companies like Midway and Exidy also entered the scene with TV Flipper and TV Pinball, respectively. The narrative culminates with a detailed examination of the Breakout story, shedding light on subtle nuances often overlooked. The exploration concludes with the monumental success of Breakout upon its launch.

    TCW 107 - Storytime with a Book: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/storytime-with-a-book/

    Screenshots of Whirlwind Bouncing Ball & Extras: https://retrocomputingforum.com/t/footage-of-bouncing-ball-on-whirlwind/2124

    Whirlwind Bouncing Ball Simulator: https://www.retrogamedeconstructionzone.com/2021/07/the-whirlwind-bouncing-ball-simulator.html

    Amiga Bouncing Ball Demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ga41edXw3A

    Tennis for Two: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PG2mdU_i8k

    International Mutoscope Play Hockey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=EVdxkIz3pGg

    Chicago Coin Goalee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMZE-4C7o8M

    Chicago Coin Slap Shot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_GiV7OgFi0

    TCW 165 - Allied Leisure: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/allied-leisure/

    TCW 051 - Sons of Pong: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sons-of-pong/

    German Elimination/Quadrapong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOV9c8WkWsw

    Barrel Pong Replica: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPhSuF70Xhk

    Wipe Out Cabinet Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10453

    Wipe Out Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_TmOD0IHFM

    Leader Cabinet Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8401

    Clean Sweep: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxt_RzAPixg

    Pin Pong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ol8g-tKd-nw

    TV Flipper Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10000

    TV Flipper Flyer: https://flyers.arcade-museum.com/flyers_video/midway/29173701.jpg

    TV Pinball Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_1kAlO8G6c

    TV Pinball Cabinet Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10002

    TV Pinball in Early Exidy by Data Driven Gamer: https://datadrivengamer.blogspot.com/2019/10/games-92-95-early-exidy.html

    The History of How We Play - A Breakout Story: https://thehistoryofhowweplay.wordpress.com/2018/12/29/a-breakout-story/

    Ones for Wellness - Screaming Therapy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5FEqPMFIlQ

    Breakout Cocktail Cabinet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOGO49j5gCE

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 200 - The History of Handheld Games Part 3

    In our concluding episode exploring the evolution of handheld games, we kick off with the Amiga and the allure of bouncing balls before delving into the Atari Lynx, an early and captivating handheld console. Despite its appeal, the Lynx struggled against challenges like its high price, the limited library of engaging games, and subpar battery life, ultimately being overshadowed by the Nintendo Game Boy—a device well-suited for puzzle games. Sega's Game Gear, whose origin may have stolen its design from Nintendo or Epyx- It's complicated. The Game Gear was notable but never had a lasting impact. Gunpei Yokoi took a daring leap with the Virtual Boy, which unfortunately flopped, returning to familiar ground with the Game Boy Pocket. Yokoi's departure coincided with the rise of Pokémon, injecting new vitality into handheld gaming. Yokoi later founded his own company, contributing to the development of Bandai's Wonderswan. This prompted Nintendo's response with the Game Boy Color. Despite various attempts, no other company has managed to dethrone Nintendo as the undisputed king of handheld consoles.

    Brownest of the brown Liquors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n39897a9hNk

    Amiga Bouncing Ball CES 4K: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlAhRJjOhDgAtari Lynx Cooler Than You Think: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXZUX8803Wg

    Lynx - Chip's Challenge: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qw4EFHGemfQ

    Lynx - Blue Lightning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKUJsqDux6A

    Lynx - Gauntlet The Third Encounter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZplHuUekqF8

    Lynx - Kalax: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBPNolD7Fmc

    Lynx - California Games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAc8Su1huLE

    Game Boy - Super Mario Land: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGLmpjWTTnI

    Game Boy - Tetris: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQwohHgrk2s

    Game Boy - Doctor Mario: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU9rkqHSiTg

    Game Boy - Allyway: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/nyoNner2NH0

    Game Boy JP Launch Commercial 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkOk_E_3J0E

    Game Boy JP Launch Commercial 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hXxgNT3ib0

    Virtual Boy Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pn8TFhK87ZM

    Types of Batteries Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dId6loUiV_0&t=423s

    Duracell Commercial (1982): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOe_Xohknjc

    First Energizer Bunny Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiFQsxGUQOI

    Game Boy Pocket Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwvZSWQAMak

    Game Boy Pocket - Generation Gap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPje2eIf2v8

    Pokémon Green: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1-rXw07VNA

    Game Boy Pocket and Light: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yz24JQpSHY

    Game Boy Color Commercials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcRUaEftYJ4&list=PLy22iKf8SNXgNl8NpIqZX5du72dnDdE9F

    Bandai Wonderswan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5zLek3wPG8

    Pokémon Silver: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWVOYuRHaQ8

    Space Odyssey: https://archive.org/details/2015MonnensGoldberg

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 199 - The History of Handheld Games Part 2

    Continuing in front of a live streaming audience, part two of our exploration into the history of handheld games delves into the pivotal role of LCDs. We kick off with the Microvision and trace the progression through the iconic Game & Watch, credited with saving Nintendo during challenging times and inspiring emulation by companies like Tiger Electronics. Citing the advancements in LCD technology, we culminate with a detailed examination of the enigmatic origins of the Game Boy, dispelling common misconceptions and unraveling a more intricate narrative. The episode concludes just before the release of the Game Boy, leaving listeners on the edge of their seats with a journey through the previously opaque yet fascinating world of handheld gaming history.

    How LCD Work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbdhbyiHX-s

    MicroVision Complete Library: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NmwIvrDR8w

    TCW 153 - Nintendo Playing with Cards: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/nintendo-playing-with-cards/

    TCW 154 - Nintendo Playing with Controversy: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/nintendo-playing-with-controversy/

    TCW 155 - Nintendo Playing with Toys: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/nintendo-playing-with-toys/

    Nintendo Chiritori: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KlWqH14EBs

    Newton's Rings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_rings

    Game & Watch Ball - Unbox and Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci3BQjuy8hg

    Game & Watch Vermin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8EvCmFN_98

    Game & Watch Octopus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmkAhLVZFeQ

    Game & Watch Gold Series All Games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQ26q73FEco

    Game & Watch Oil Panic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLDDCO85nQ

    Game & Watch Donkey Kong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdS9VLFtnJs

    Tiger Electronics Copy Cat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLs4tAlUxzw

    Tiger Electronics Handheld Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkU6-knrDpQ

    Tiger Electronics Simon's Quest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3MI4IEjyUc

    Tiger Electronics Golden Axe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJNdy0IgUQQ

    Why it is hard to make homemade LCDs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8Sp0WPnVUA

    How do color LCDs work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VamqtyatBss

    Kids React to Gameboy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pCp8g-VjOs

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 198 - The History of Handheld Games Part 1

    Recorded in front of a live-streaming audience, we delve into the captivating history of handheld games, commencing with an unexpected origin—the pocket-sized calculator. The innovative strides made in pocket calculator technology paved the way for toy companies to venture into the realm of handheld electronic games, resulting in classics such as Mattel Football and Auto Race. As advancements and reduced production costs followed, favorites like Simon and Merlin emerged. However, the early games faced a common challenge—the limitations of display capabilities at an affordable price point. To overcome this hurdle, inventive technologies like nixie tubes, VFD displays, and LEDs were harnessed to deliver engaging gameplay experiences. Notably, the VFD display mini arcades left a lasting mark, offering some of the most captivating recreations of popular arcade titles. This is part 1 of a 3-part series, exploring the evolution of handheld gaming and revealing the creative solutions and technological milestones that have defined this interactive landscape.

    How it's Made Vacuum Tubes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n4WVRKkmww

    Integrated Circuits Crash Course Computer Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-tKOHICqrI

    How Pocket Calculators Changed Electronics Forever: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goB47Cgqxfs

    Nixie Tube Clock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yS5w98xmwI

    Nixie Tube Calculator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k49_PG5CUAk

    Eversharp Mechanical Pencil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPoL2Ny4NmA

    TCW 025 - Mattel Electronics?: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/mattel-electronics/

    TCW 177 - The Intellivision Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-intellivision-part-1/

    TCW 178 - The Intellivision Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-intellivision-part-2/

    Mattel Football: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQ5TVoVD5Ss

    Mattel Auto Race: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l72CDVzrtiQ

    Touch Me Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV8y2oDzIeg

    Simon Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MOBW8f0CU0

    Merlin Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZWlIm0jy30

    Inside Tokyo's tiniest luxury apartment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ7Bu_SDJgM

    VFD Displays: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkPSDOjhxwM

    In a Minute VFD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=tAss5GJRKrg

    Slot Cars Racetrack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TlExU8j984

    Slot Cars Racing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNg2g3oODH8

    TonyTronic PacMan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX86fRdilGc

    Epoch Invader From Space Handheld: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed4atls32wU

    Entex Galaxian 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov9YiOw-lvA

    Entex Pac Man 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqnQzU0erno

    TCW 124 - The Visions of Coleco Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-visions-of-coleco-part-1/

    TCW 125 - The Visions of Coleco Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-visions-of-coleco-part-2/

    Coleco Mini Arcade Frogger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzOtMB-lU9c

    8-Bit Guy - Mini Tabletop Arcade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuo0njOI-qE

    Entex Adventure Vision: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYnCwNKaVAM

    Adventure Vision all 4 Games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUwS1PipKXQ

    Browser Gameplay of Adventure Vision: https://archive.org/details/adventurevision_library

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 197 - The ID of Game Development

    ID Software; the makers of many games that are beloved by gamers. Due to the need for rapid development ID was forced to separate game design from the mechanics. Having a dedicated game engine that was focused on visual and support technologies as opposed to the specifics of game design. ID Software utilized tools to make levels, licensing the engine to other companies, and so much more. Many moders of Doom got their start in the video game industry by being level designers for other companies. ID was instrumental in popularizing the structure by which games are made to this day.

    TCW 030 - DOOM!: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/doom-1479057917/

    TCW 192 - Microprose Part 1: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/microprose-part-1/

    TCW 193 - Microprose Part 2: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/microprose-part-2/

    Slordax: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMj2WlSsg4o

    Engine Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrqRuxAkkG8

    Commander Keen 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQVk6wmaqAs

    Miyamoto Explains SMB 1-1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRGRJRUWafY

    Batman Forever: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAERGZX_8Og

    Commander Keen 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKHUOKVzo0Q

    Commander Keen 7: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3aTzbUPktk

    Hovertank: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7juV9zo5Tk

    Catacombs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EjI3TxSNmI

    Castle Wolfenstein Apple II: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fgok9eHqO8

    Doom II Level 13 City: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJSQoUcAoGo

    Doom II Level 7: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzGZZnbMhv8

    Strife Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjxJbo9jHFo

    American McGee levels Doom: https://doom.fandom.com/wiki/Category:American_McGee_levels

    Quake 1 Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHT2TgMX7Rg

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 196 - The Sumerian Game

    The Sumerian Game is one of the first uses of video games to help enhance education. Developed using some funds from the National Defense Education Act, the Sumerian game used education techniques where facts and data could be presented not by a teacher, but by a computer. The game itself is notable because it was designed by Mabel Addis, one of the first women to design a video game. Though the game has been lost to time its influence is felt to this day. The first part was the inspiration for Hamurabi, influencing Civilization, and other game designers that followed. We beg to report on this fascinating bit of video game history!

    I'm Learnding: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKg2ZzPKl2M

    NDEA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ChXTy_C3xs

    Formal Logic Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_MUDF1d1sU

    Formal Logic: https://www.youtube.com/@FormalLogic

    Oh No my Brain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZoQxH-il7E

    Mabel Addis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Addis

    Hamurabi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R606drkQ_i8

    101 BASIC Computer Games: http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/_Books/101_BASIC_Computer_Games_Mar75.pdf

    KAISER: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sviiX23UMss

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major online retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 195 - Finding Video Game Copyright

    We look at copyrights and video games. Where did they come from? Were video games even creative works that could be copyrighted? If a video game is copyrightable is it like a book or like a movie? We look at how the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Europe answered these questions in game maker's long legal battles to combat counterfeiters, parallel importers, and more. Hey at one point it started a Yakuza war!

    TCW 179 - Space Invaders and Nishikado: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/space-invaders-and-nishikado/

    TCW 180 - Space Invaders Part II: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/space-invaders-part-ii/

    Sea Wolf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipssJjkN2bY

    Depth Charge: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTuJb4MLGzs

    IPM Invaders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBtV4cqqkVQ

    Astro Blaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AR2kStMWBCs

    Star Castle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOFLaa3bmiU

    Scramble: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_zO5pZJOjU

    The Simpsons - The Mob vs. Yakuza: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cte8bG9Bl-Q

    Street Fighter II Rainbow Edition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNIfE7A9q7Y

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 194 - The 7th Guest

    We cover the 7th guest in so much detail it's frightening! This game has everything from a genius bedroom programmer from the UK teaming up with an artist who made some raunchy comics, to bar fights, Twin Peaks, and a Shakespeare troupe. The 7th guest has it all to bring us a game that turned CD-ROM from an expensive luxury to a must-have item for any PC. Join us as we look at all the influences that led to the creation of a horror classic The 7th Guest! Just don't try and beat the virus!

    TCW 082 - An Unlikely Paring of Siliwood: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/an-unlikely-pairing-of-siliwood/

    Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EePWe5JZins

    Ballblazer ZX Spectrum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOQiy2JB3x8

    Ballblazer 11 Version comparison: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tkwWD_BWWQ

    Metropolis PC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=415OUgctnX0

    Defender of the Crown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvW6okgy4wA

    Spot the Video Game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8Ezmf6z3kM

    Twin Peaks the Story Before Season 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_64-4c_E3o

    Simpsons Burn's Suit Wiggum's Twin Peaks Dream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICGwfkAYwr0

    The Shining Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZQvIJxG9Xs

    House on Haunted Hill (1959): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jsnw-RNGKFY

    The Fool's Errand: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkSKESj9JQA

    Jeremiah Nunan House: https://www.loc.gov/item/or0072/

    3D Studio Visual History: https://beforesandafters.com/2020/06/04/a-visual-history-of-3ds-max/

    7th Guest Intro: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYlMZ-4Jvkw

    The 7th Guest Making of VHS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fd63F3d2FCI

    George A Sanger: https://www.youtube.com/@GeorgeASanger

    7th Guest Can Puzzle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kakxPvGIAI0

    7th Guest Microscope Puzzle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVbYO6BV6BI

    The 7th Guest Playthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVXyOTnc3Bg

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 193 - Microprose Part 2

    In part two of our look at Microprose we focus on the growth of the company with popular games like Gunship, and Sid Meier's Pirates. Wild Bill continued his aggressive push to expand the company moving into the UK market and even the coin-op space. This unfortunately led Sid to step back from the company and become a contractor. Wild Bill took the company public to help cover the costs of missteps but eventually became embroiled in his own troubles with pressure from the board. It was during a time when he was forced to step back from the company, and the release of problematic adventure and role-playing games led the company to be acquired by Spectrum Holobyte.

    Silent Service: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz4shxxdero

    Gunship DOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCZUc0d8ol8

    Gunship C64: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8bBV7uzbSs

    Airborne Ranger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wEH2c98-Nc

    Rules of Wooden Ships and Iron Men: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlT6i1DOeUM

    Sid Meier's Pirates: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owSCqgpv9AA

    How to be a Pirate Captain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YFeE1eDlD0

    How to be a Pirate Quartermaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0fAznO1wA8

    Captain Blood Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HmoyQcoBd0

    Arcade F15 Strike Eagle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7TK56745MM

    Command HQ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXFwn29ZEpQ

    Rex Nebular and the Cosmic Gender Bender: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OztH7m4wQzQ

    What Magic is This? Alchemy: https://whatmagicisthis.com/2020/01/31/alchemy/

    Darklands: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aILjTCfnmI8

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • TCW Podcast Episode 192 -Microprose Part 1

    In the first part of our look at Microprose, we cover the central characters of Wild Bill Stealey and Sid Meier. The duo came from very different backgrounds that helped inform the creative and business powerhouse. Wild Bill had to grow up at a young age after his father's death. This led to him having to manage the home finances, negotiate out of debt, and learn many of the skills that would help him in his military, and business careers. We have covered some of Sid's history in episode 50, but we have a lot of new information with additional research and Sid's autobiography. We cover Microprose's founding with a bet between the two at a convention in Los Vegas, and Wild Bill pushing to have his dream of playing a video game able to realistically represent what it was like to fly a jet fighter.

    TCW 050 - Civilizing Sid Meier: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/civilizing-sid-meier/

    War Games Ending: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s93KC4AGKnY

    Formula 1 Racing (Atari 800): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H5NhhmnwBU

    Hamilton Satisfied: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAu3_H5ECpw

    Atari 800 Star Raiders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8YdO6PYViw

    Red Barron Arcade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6tbmgml504

    Hellcat Ace: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwYaQS59UGQ

    Chopper Rescue Atari 800: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUyebYD5UO0

    Floyd of the Jungle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKuH6oXD8Pg

    Wingman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5mMwgrqyYk

    MIG Alley Ace: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YRAQGMi9uc

    Solo Flight Atari 800: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AGR7DkOkyQ

    F15 Strike Eagle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COXuDENwXlI

    Example of the F15E Strike Eagle in Digital Combat Simulator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFDGXcWHYwM

    New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!

    TCW Email: [email protected]

    Twitter: @tcwpodcast

    Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds

    Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com

    Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1

    Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode - Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode

    Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love

    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/