Episoder
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Zaib un Nisa Aziz (University of South Florida, Tampa) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 13 March 2023. For queries, please contact seminar convenor at [email protected] At the turn of the twentieth century, the global imperial order was in peril. In cities across the world, revolutionary factions emerged where nationalists deliberated radical, even violent paths to a post- imperial world. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin belonged to and wrote of this world – a world primarily defined by the crisis of the imperial order and the looming question of the future of national communities. As Lenin along with his compatriots seized power in Moscow in October 1917, he announced the dawn of a new era where the empires of the world would eventually fall in the throes of the impending world revolution. My talk, based on my first book project, shows how that his call resonated with all sorts of imperial decriers who saw, in his victory, the possibility of a new world. From Rio Grande to River Ganges, anti-colonialists turned to Moscow to help realize their own political visions. Encouraged by the triumph of Lenin and his party, anti-colonialists tied the end of imperialism to the revolutionary end of global socioeconomic hierarchies. This historical narrative responds to recent scholarly provocations to study decolonization in connected rather than discrete terms and to employ the methodological tools of global history to write new historical accounts, which attend to the ends of empire as a global phenomenon. One of my key intellectual objectives is to think of Asian, African, and Caribbean anti-colonialists not only as itinerant revolutionaries and campaigners but as intellectuals, thinkers, and writers. I demonstrate the many ways in which anti-colonialists interpreted, built on, modified, and otherwise responded to Lenin’s critique of imperialism. For many, anti-imperialism now not only meant opposition to foreign rule but also a wholesale rejection of the prevalent global economic order. Hence, inequality and development became an inextricable part of visions of a postcolonial global order. Moreover, this presentation highlights how the inter-war period marks a decisive shift in the intellectual history of decolonization.
Zaib un Nisa Aziz is a historian of global and imperial history, with a focus on the British Empire and Modern South Asia. She is Assistant Professor in the Department of History at the University of South Florida, Tampa. In her past and present research, she seeks to push the geographic, temporal and thematic boundaries of the historical study of the end of empire and its aftermath, and is particularly interested in histories of decolonisation, labour and internationalism. Her current book project, tentatively titled ‘Nations Ascendant: The Global Struggle Against Empire and The Making of our World’, traces the origins and politics of an international community of colonial activists, thinkers and campaigners, and shows how they came to share ideas about universal decolonisation and the end of empires. -
Vikram Visana (University of Leicester) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 7 March 2023. Uncivil Liberalism studies how ideas of liberty from the colonized South claimed universality in the North. Recovering the political thought of Dadabhai Naoroji, India’s pre-eminent liberal, this book focusses on the Grand Old Man’s pre-occupation with social interdependence and civil peace in an age of growing cultural diversity and economic inequality. It shows how Naoroji used political economy to critique British liberalism’s incapacity for civil peace by linking periods of communal rioting in colonial Bombay with the Parsi minority’s economic decline. Innovating an Indian liberalism characterized by labour rights, economic republicanism and social interdependence, Naoroji seeded ‘Western’ thinkers with his ideas as well as influencing numerous ideologies in colonial and post-colonial India. In doing so, the book reframes so-called Indian ‘nationalists’ as global thinkers.
Dr Vikram Visana is Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Leicester. He was awarded his PhD in the history of Indian Political Thought under the supervision of Chris Bayly at the University of Cambridge in 2016. He has taught at the University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, and the University of Huddersfield, and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for Global History, Freie Universität Berlin.
Dr. Visana’s research focuses on Indian political thought from the nineteenth century to the present. His book, Uncivil Liberalism: Labour, Capital and Commercial Society in Dadabhai Naoroji’s Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2022), is an original and radical reinterpretation of the political thought of Dadabhai Naoroji, and studies how ideas of liberty from the colonised South claimed universality in the North. Dr. Visana has also published on Indian iterations of liberalism, republicanism, sovereignty, peoplehood, populism, and political economy. Ongoing research has articles in preparation for leading political theory journals and edited volumes. These new publications consider contemporary Indian political theory from the mid-20th century to the present with a particular focus on authority, multicultural justice, and majoritarianism in Indian conservative political philosophy and Hindutva.
Please note that there were some minor technical errors in the PowerPoint Presentation, with some text omissions due to issues with screen-sharing, where some text boxes would not load. For queries, please contact seminar convenor at [email protected] -
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Sarah Ansari (Royal Holloway, University of London) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 31 Oct 2022 South Asia’s transition from colonialism to independence in 1947 was undoubtedly one of the most momentous events of the twentieth century. Not surprisingly perhaps, its early postcolonial years have come to exercise a great pull for a range of scholars, who explore this key period, on the one hand, to ask questions about colonial-era legacies or continuities, and, on the other, to identify developments that help to explain what is happening there in the twenty-first century. This paper accordingly explores how - during those early postcolonial years - ideas about, and forms of, citizenship were created or forged by contingent processes of interaction between the ‘state’ – its representatives and institutions at different levels – and ‘society’ – its citizens in-the-making. Very often, as this paper will highlight, it was the day-to-day realities of the time that directly shaped the broader context in which Pakistanis and Indians engaged with what it seemed to mean, in practice, to be a citizen in post-1947 South Asia.
Sarah Ansari is a historian of modern and contemporary South Asia, based at Royal Holloway, University of London. Much of her research has focused on issues linked with religion, identity, migration, citizenship, gender, and the province of Sindh, both before and since 1947. Her latest monograph—co-written with William Gould and entitled Boundaries of Belonging (Cambridge University Press, 2019)—explores the intersections between localities, citizenship and rights as these played out in India (UP) and Pakistan (Sindh) during the decade following Independence. Sarah is also currently President of the Royal Asiatic Society, the first woman to hold this role in the institution's 200-year existence. -
Luna Sabastian (Northeastern University- London) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 7 Nov 2022. Luna Sabastian is Assistant Professor in History at Northeastern University - London. Prior to assuming this position, she held a postdoc at Cambridge University, from where she also received her PhD in 2020. Her work focuses on modern Indian political thought. She is writing a book titled ‘Indian Fascism?’. Among its highlights is an exploration of Savarkar's Hindutva, gendered violence, and race. Much of the talk will be taken from this chapter. The book further explores a meaningful connection between Indian thought and Nazi ideas of "caste"; the idea and geography of the Hindu Crown; and seismic shifts in the political thought of Hindutva after Savarkar. One of her ongoing side projects focuses on British Indian legal history.
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Book Launch with Yasser Kureshi Book Launch - Seeking Supremacy: The Pursuit of Judicial Power in Pakistan
In this talk, Kureshi will launch his recently-published book that maps out the evolution of the relationship between the judiciary and military in Pakistan, explaining why Pakistan's high courts shifted from loyal deference to the military to open competition, and confrontation, with military and civilian institutions. In the book Kureshi demonstrates that a shift in the audiences shaping judicial preferences explains the emergence of the judiciary as an assertive power center. As the judiciary gradually embraced less deferential institutional preferences, a shift in judicial preferences took place and the judiciary sought to play a more expansive and authoritative political role. Using this audience-based approach, Kureshi roots the judiciary in its political, social and institutional context, and develops a generalizable framework that can explain variation and change in judicial-military relations around the world. -
Talk by Cemil Aydin from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Cemil Aydin (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 6 June 2022. For queries, please contact seminar convenors at [email protected].
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Steve Swerdlow, Neil Clarke, Syinat Sultanalieva discuss human rights violations in Tajikistan, chaired by Faisal Devji
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Taushif Kara (Cambridge) as part of the Conference - Expulsion: Uganda’s Asians and the Remaking of Nationality The partition of the subcontinent in 1947 presented a unique problem for its diaspora. Trading communities in places like Gwadar often found themselves forced to choose between Indian and
Pakistani citizenship but desiring neither, while in colonial Tanganyika many sought British nationality. But attached to the persistent problem of nationality there was also the question of
naming, as the once porous category of Indian was now linked to a specific post-colonial state. These communities were often described for the first time as “Asian” as a way to elide this problem. This paper explores the unique genealogy and debates over this novel term amongst the communities in Uganda who considered it for themselves. I focus, however, on the groups that ultimately rejected it and instead decided to claim the name “African” instead, showing that it was at precisely this
moment that they were expelled.
Taushif Kara is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Centre of Islamic Studies and Jesus College, Cambridge. He obtained his PhD from the Faculty of History at Cambridge in 2021 with a thesis on the Khoja diaspora around the Indian Ocean world. Kara previously studied Islamic history and philosophy at the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London and served as a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Religions and Philosophies at SOAS. -
Derek Peterson (Michigan) as part of the Conference - Expulsion: Uganda’s Asians and the Remaking of Nationality This essay is about the management of economic liberation in Idi Amin’s Uganda. The Economic War transformed petty questions about the conduct of business into thrilling matters of racial liberation. There were a great many scapegoats: first the Asian community, latterly Africans who would not, or could not, follow the official rules. The punishments were draconian: economic crimes were, after 1975, punishable by death. For people in power, the Economic War was a means of making austerity, inhumanity and brutality seem essential, a crucial aspect of their heroic leadership.
Derek Peterson is Ali Mazrui Professor of History & African Studies at the University of Michigan. He’s the author, most recently, of _The Unseen Archive of Idi Amin: Photographs from the Uganda Broadcasting Corporation_ (Prestel, 2021) (with R. Vokes). Peterson is presently engaged in several curatorial projects focused on the recovery and digitization of endangered film and paper archives in Uganda. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2017. -
Shobana Shanker (Stonybrook) as part of the Conference - Expulsion: Uganda’s Asians and the Remaking of Nationality Most accounts of Idi Amin’s expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972 assume that African leaders and the Organization of African Unity were largely silent or unmoved to action. This interpretation assumes that Africans understood the Asian expulsion as a political problem—by contrast, I argue that Africans understood the question of Indian settlers as a fundamental problem of the postcolonial condition, connected to the very definition of African selfhood. I explore the significance of the Indian question around the African continent to the formation of intersecting
movements of anticolonialism, antiracism, nationalism, Pan-Africanism (which was a critical antidote to nationalism), and Afrocentrism. Contrary to simplistic renderings of African responses to Idi Amin’s anti-Asian racialism, African reckoning with African-Indian entanglements garnered dynamic and long-lasting African cultural responses—even where Indian settlers were few—that produced new African-Indian negotiations on the continent and among African migrants in India.
Shobana Shankar is Associate Professor of History and Africana Studies at Stony Brook University, in New York. Her research focuses on cultural encounters and politics in West Africa and Africa-India networks, especially in religion, intellectual history, health, and education. Her most recent book, An Uneasy Embrace: Africa, India and the Spectre of Race (Hurst, 2021), grew out of her meeting with Muslim Indian missionaries in Nigeria, during the course of her research for her first book Who Shall Enter Paradise? Christian Origins in Muslim Northern Nigeria, c.1890-1975 (Ohio University Press). She has also co-edited two collections of essays on religion and globalization. Her recent articles focus on Ghanaian Hinduism, reformism in Nigeria, and Senegal’s Afro-Dravidian movement. -
Mishka Sinha (University of Oxford) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 7 February 2022 Dr Mishka Sinha is a Research Associate at St. John’s College, Oxford, and co-director of the project on St. John’s and the Colonial Past with Professor William Whyte. She is a cultural and intellectual historian of the modern period. Her research interests focus on the history of orientalism and the transcultural history of knowledge in the context of colonialism and empire, in particular, the transfer of knowledge from Asia to Europe. Dr Sinha's wider research and teaching interests include the history of books, institutions and disciplinary formations, conflict and collaborations between scholarly traditions, histories of language, translation and text circulations, across Europe, Asia and the United States, and particularly in light of the influence of inequalities of power on knowledge production and consumption, and vice versa. She is also interested in transcultural, oriental and occult influences on literary modernism, and has a long-standing involvement in contemporary Indian art, and art heritage, having worked in the field first as an administrator, and then a performer since 1998. Dr Sinha was a Max Weber Fellow at the European University Institute, Florence, a Zukunftsphilologie Fellow at the Freie Universität, Berlin, and, most recently, a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at the Faculty of History, Cambridge which she held in conjunction with a Research Associateship at St. John’s College, Cambridge.
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J. Daniel Elam (University of Hong Kong) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 28 February 2022. Professor J. Daniel Elam is Assistant Professor in the Department of Comparative Literature at the University of Hong Kong. He is the author of World Literature for the Wretched of the Earth: Anticolonial Aesthetics, Postcolonial Politics (Fordham University Press, 2020), and Impossible and Necessary (Orient BlackSwan, 2021), and two co-edited volumes on revolutionary anticolonial writing, Reading Revolutionaries (with Kama Maclean, 2014) and Writing Revolution (with Kama Maclean and Chris Moffat, 2017). His current projects include an anthology of political theory from the Global South, a book about revolutionary sociology, and a biography of his great-uncle.
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Milinda Banerjee (University of St Andrews) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 24 January 2022 The modern concept of ‘dynasty’ is a politically-motivated modern intellectual invention. For many advocates of a strong sovereign nation-state across the nineteenth and early twentieth century, in France, Germany, and Japan, the concept helped in visualizing the nation-state as a primordial entity sealed by the continuity of birth and blood, indeed by the perpetuity of sovereignty. Hegel’s references to ‘dynasty’, read with Marx’s critique, further show how ‘dynasty’ encoded the intersection of sovereignty and big property, indeed the coming into self-consciousness of their mutual identification-in-difference in the age of capitalism. Imaginaries about ‘dynasty’ also connected national sovereignty with patriarchal authority. European colonialism helped globalize the concept in the non-European world; British India offers an exemplar of ensuing debates. The globalization of the abstraction of ‘dynasty’ was ultimately bound to the globalization of capitalist-colonial infrastructures of production, circulation, violence, and exploitation. Simultaneously, colonized actors, like Indian peasant/‘tribal’ populations, brought to play alternate precolonial Indian-origin concepts of collective regality, expressed through terms like ‘rajavamshi’ and ‘Kshatriya’. These concepts nourished new forms of democracy in modern India. Global intellectual histories can thus expand political thought today by provincializing and deconstructing Eurocentric political vocabularies and by recuperating subaltern models of collective and polyarchic power.
Dr Milinda Banerjee is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom. He specializes in History of Modern Political Thought and Political Theory, and is Programme Director for the MLitt in Global Social and Political Thought. He is the author of The Mortal God: Imagining the Sovereign in Colonial India (Cambridge University Press, 2018). He has co-edited the volume, Transnational Histories of the ‘Royal Nation’ (Palgrave, 2017); the forum ‘Law, Empire, and Global Intellectual History’, in the journal Modern Intellectual History (Cambridge University Press, 2020); the special issue ‘The Modern Invention of ‘Dynasty’: A Global Intellectual History, 1500-2000’, in the journal Global Intellectual History (Routledge, 2020); and the special issue ‘Forced Migration and Refugee Resettlement in the Long 1940s: A Connected and Global History’, in the journal Itinerario: Journal of Imperial and Global Interactions (Cambridge University Press, 2022). Banerjee has published two other monographs and several articles on the intersections of Indian and global intellectual history and political theory. He is a founder-editor of a new series ‘South Asian Intellectual History’ with Cambridge University Press, a founder-editor of two series with De Gruyter, ‘Critical Readings in Global Intellectual History’, and ‘Transregional Practices of Power’, and Special Projects Editor of the journal Political Theology (Routledge). He is Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. -
Akeel Bilgrami (Columbia University) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 7 March 2022. Akeel Bilgrami got a B.A in English Literature from Elphinstone College, Bombay University and went to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar where he read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. He has a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Chicago. He is the Sidney Morgenbesser Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University, where he is also a Professor on the Committee on Global Thought. He has been the Director of the Heyman Centre for the Humanities as well as the South Asian Institute at Columbia. His publications include the books Belief and Meaning (1992), Self-Knowledge and Resentment (2006), and Secularism, Identity and Enchantment (2014). He is due to publish two books in the near future: What is a Muslim? (Princeton University Press) and Gandhi's Integrity (Columbia University Press) and is currently writing a book on the relations between politics, agency, value, and practical reason.
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Irna Hofman (Oxford) Malik Kadirov (Media Analyst, Tajikistan) Salimjon Aioubov (Director of RFE/RL's Tajik Service) round table discussion Malik Kadirov
Abdumalik (Malik) started his professional career as an interpreter \ translator in Iraq (1978-1979) and later in Syria (1982-1987). From 1987 – 1990 he served as a journalist \ political analyst in Tajik State Television. Following the dismissal for his critical reports (1990) Malik joined the Democratic Party of Tajikistan and served for some time as a chairman of its Dushanbe branch. Abdumalik has spent several years investing in scientific research and development of the pharmaceutical product as a co-founder of Zand Ltd, a small Tajik pharmaceutical company. After the end of Tajikistan’s civil war of 1992 – 1997 Malik joined the NGO sector as a volunteer for a local NGO, then served for several international NGOs and foundations such as Counterpart International and Open Society Institute. From 2001 – 2009 he served the US Embassy to Tajikistan as a grant manager with the overall portfolio of $700 K. From January 2011 – April 2016 Malik served as Country Director of the Tajik branch of the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), a British NGO that supports journalists in the risky areas around the globe. From May 2016 until January 2021 Mr. Kadirov led an American media supporting non-profit organization Internews in Tajikistan as Country Director. Currently Malik is a Secretary General of the association of journalists Media – Alliance of Tajikistan. Malik is a member of the Union of Journalists of Tajikistan and a well – known political analyst who often provides comments on various in-country and regional sensitive socio-political topics to local, regional, and international media in Tajk, Russian, and English. Abdumalik was awarded with the US Embassy’s Meritorious Honor Award for exceptional meritorious performance as a Grant Officer; European Congress of Tajik Journalists and Bloggers’ Tajik Journalism Award-2020. Malik is married and is a father of four daughters.
Salimjon Aioubov
Salimjon Aioubov, Director of RFE/RL's Tajik Service based in Prague. Previously, he was Project Director for RFE/RL's Central Asian Newswire and the Editor-in-Chief of the first independent newspaper in Tajikistan “Charoghi Ruz”, author of several books, most recently, “A Hundred Colors: Tajiks in the 20th Century".
Irna Hofman
Dr Irna Hofman graduated from Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands, with a major in Environmental Sciences and minors in respectively Rural Development Sociology (B.Sc.) and Rural Sociology (M.Sc), and received her Ph.D. from Leiden University in January 2019. Her dissertation was titled “Cotton, control, and continuity in disguise: The political economy of agrarian transformation in lowland Tajikistan,” for which she conducted long-term fieldwork in rural Tajikistan.
Irna has rich research experience in and on Central Asia. Before initiating her doctoral research on Tajikistan she studied the political economy of agrarian transformation in Uzbekistan, in her role as junior researcher at the Center for Development Research (Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF)), an institute of the University of Bonn. -
Aditya Ramesh, Nausheen Anwar, Camelia Dewan, Chitra Venkatramani, Nikhil Anand in discussion Camelia Dewan is an environmental anthropologist focusing on the anthropology of development. She is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo and the author of Misreading the Bengal Delta: Climate Change, Development, and Livelihoods in Coastal Bangladesh (University of Washington Press).
Nausheen H Anwar is Professor of Regional & City Planning, Department of Social Sciences, IBA, Karachi, Pakistan, and the Founder & Director of the Karachi Urban Lab. Nausheen also holds a joint appointment as Research Fellow, in the Cities Cluster, IDS, University of Sussex, UK.
Nikhil Anand is an environmental anthropologist whose research focuses on cities, infrastructure, state power and climate change. He addresses these questions by studying the political ecology of cities, read through the different lives of water. His new book project, Urban Seas, decenters the grounds of urban planning by drawing attention to the work of fishers and scientists in climate changed seas.
V. Chitra is an anthropologist whose research intersects environmental studies, STS, and visual studies. She is currently working on her first book, which is titled "Drawing Coastlines: Climate Anxieties and the Visual Reinvention of Mumbai's Shore." Chitra is particularly interested in experimenting with comics as an ethnographic medium.
Aditya Ramesh is a Presidential fellow in environmental history at the University of Manchester. His current research examines colonial and postcolonial urban spaces, disease ecologies, and rapid environmental change. The research is deeply collaborative, and involves working with colleagues including Bhavani Raman (an early colonial historian), Karen Coehlo (an anthropologist) and Molly Roy (a counter-mapper) and is focused, at least partially on the coastal city of Chennai, formerly Madras, and its many hydro-spheres. Previously Aditya worked on large dams, technocratic governance, and regimes of property in colonial and postcolonial south India. -
Panel discussion on researching no human animals in South Asia Muhammad Kavesh is a Faculty of Arts and Science Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto and Discovery Early Career Research Award (DECRA) fellow at the Australian National University. He is the author of “Animal Enthusiasms: Life Beyond Cage and Leash in Rural Pakistan” and co-editor of a special journal issue, “Sense Making in a More-than-Human World."
Naisargi N. Davé is associate professor of anthropology at the University of Toronto. She is the author of Queer Activism in India and of the forthcoming, Indifference: On the Praxis of Interspecies Being.
Radhika Govindrajan is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Washington, Seattle. She is the author of Animal Intimacies, published by the University of Chicago Press in 2018 and Penguin India in 2019, as well as articles published in American Ethnologist, Comparative Study of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Cultural Anthropology, and HAU: The Journal of Ethnographic Theory.
Ambika Aiyadurai is Assistant Professor (Anthropology) at the Indian Institute of Technology – Gandhinagar. She is an anthropologist of wildlife conservation with a special interest in human-animal relations and community-based conservation projects. Her ongoing and long-term research aims to understand how local and global forces shape human-animal relations. She completed her PhD thesis in Anthropology at the National University of Singapore in 2016. She is trained in both natural and social sciences with masters’ degrees in Wildlife Sciences from Wildlife Institute of India (Dehradun) and Anthropology, Environment and Development from University College London (UK) funded by Ford Foundation’s International Fellowship Program. In 2017, she was awarded the Social Sciences Research Council (SSRC) Transregional Research Junior Scholar Fellowship to examine community-based wildlife projects. Her monograph, Tigers are our Brothers: Anthropology of Wildlife Conservation in Northeast India was published by Oxford University Press (UK). 2021. -
A panel discussion on the problems of research in South Asia. Yamini Aiyar (CPR, Delhi), Maira Hayat (Notre Dame), Zehra Hashmi (Brown University), Akshay Mangla (Oxford) join a panel discussion.
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Manu Samnotra (University of South Florida) speaks at the Oxford South Asian Intellectual History Seminar on 31 January 2022. For queries, please contact the seminar convenor at [email protected] Manu Samnotra is an Associate Professor in political theory at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Worldly Shame: Ethos in Action. Worldly Shame examines shame’s worldly possibilities through the lens of Hannah Arendt’s political writings. Samnotra makes a case both for shame’s capacity to orient us towards a shared political world, and for reading Arendt as an anti-colonial thinker. Operating broadly within the frame of Comparative Political Theory, his next project brings Gandhian thought into conversation with liberal and republican conceptions of political dignity.
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A discussion with Suzanne Levi-Sanchez, Edward Lemon, Muhiddin Kabiri, Alim Sherzamonov Suzanne Levi-Sanchez (Non-Resident Fellow, School of International Service, American University, Retired (Tenured) Associate Professor, US Naval War College)
Edward Lemon (Research Assistant Professor, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University)
Muhiddin Kabiri (chairman of NAT (National Alliance of Tajikistan), chairman of the IRPT (Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan)),
Alim Sherzamonov (Politician in Tajikistan) - Vis mere
