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Parties have agreed in the official COP28 negotiated text to institutionalize the role of the Presidency Youth Climate Champion (YCC) within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, to enhance the meaningful participation and representation of youth in future COPs.
Following the COP27 Youth Envoy role, COP28 appointed the first official Youth Climate Champion, Her Excellency Shamma Al Mazrui, who was previously the youngest minister of state in the world.
The UAE has been committed to supporting the formalization of the YCC role to ensure all future COPs will engage meaningfully with young people and other marginalized groups in the UNFCCC process.
The current YCC and COP28 Presidency teams are also seeking sustainable external funding to avoid any need for Party-negotiated finance, and maximum practical support for youth-led climate action and movements.
The COP28 Youth Climate Delegates Program is the largest initiative to-date to expand youth participation in the COP process, with 110 young people from around the world being empowered to drive climate action and participate in the COP negotiations. -
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COP28 Closing Plenary
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COP28 Closing Remarks
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COP28 DELIVERS HISTORIC CONSENSUS IN DUBAI TO ACCELERATE CLIMATE ACTIONâThe world needed to find a new way. By following our North Star, we have found that path,â said COP28 President, Dr. Sultan Al Jaber during his closing speech, âWe have worked very hard to secure a better future for our people and our planet. We should be proud of our historic achievement.âCOP28 has concluded with a final consensus that lays out an ambitious response to the Global Stocktake and puts forward a plan to close the gaps to 2030. It calls on Parties to transition away from fossil fuels to reach net zero, encourages them to submit economy-wide Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), includes a new specific target to triple renewables and double energy efficiency by 2030, and builds momentum behind a new architecture for climate finance.The COP28 Presidency took bold and decisive steps to deliver beyond the negotiated text through its âAction Agenda,â which spans the four pillars of the Paris Agreement: fast tracking a just and orderly energy transition; fixing climate finance to make it more available, affordable, and accessible; focusing on people, nature, lives and livelihoods; and fostering full inclusivity in climate action.COP28 has mobilized over $85 billion in funding for climate action, secured a historic agreement on Loss and Damage, advanced the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and overseen breakthrough agreements on the energy transition.This has been the most inclusive COP to-date, ensuring all voices could participate in the process.
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COP28âs Food, Agriculture and Water Day secures major commitments to address climate impacts and keep 1.5C within reachCOP28âs Food, Agriculture and Water Day saw key announcements on global water scarcity and food security, as countries mobilized behind the COP28 UAE Declaration on Agriculture, Food Systems and Climate Action (the Declaration), now endorsed by 152 countries, and the Water Action Agenda.
In total, more than USD $7.1 billion has been mobilized during COP28 for climate positive action in the food system sector.
Major announcements made during Food, Agriculture and Water Day include the launch of a two-year work partnership to COP30 by the UAE and Brazil, made during the first-ever COP ministerial dialogue on building water-resilient food systems.
The COP28 UAE Presidency and partners also announced more than new 30 country members of the Freshwater Challenge, which commits members to work to protect and restore 30 percent of the Earthâs degraded freshwater ecosystems by 2030.
The COP28 Presidency, FAO, the World Bank, CGIAR and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) announced the joint Sharm-El Sheikh Support Programme, a three-year support package to help countries to unlock finance and support for farmers, food producers, small agribusinesses and local communities. -
The COP28 Presidency and the International Energy Agency (IEA) High-Level Dialogues concluded with strong consensus on the key elements needed for the energy transition.
The fifth and final Dialogue, held during COP28 in Dubai, was attended by over 40 high-level leaders, including Heads of State and Government, Heads of Delegation and business leaders. It marks a significant achievement for the co-Chairs, COP28 President Dr. Sultan Al Jaber and Dr. Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the IEA.
The Dialogues concluded with clear convergence on the building blocks of a 1.5°C-aligned energy transition and strong support for an ambitious decision on the Global Stocktake at COP28.
Dr. Birol set out an ambitious and integrated package across five pillars for COP28, for which there was strong support in the room:
Tripling global renewable energy generation capacity by 2030.
Doubling annual energy efficiency improvements by 2030.
An orderly decline of fossil fuel use demand by 2030, starting with no new coal plants.
Commitment from the oil and gas industry to align their strategies and investment portfolios with 1.5°C, with a focus on a 75 percent reduction in methane emissions by 2030.
Financing mechanisms for a major scaling-up of clean energy investment in emerging and developing economies.
At the conclusion of the Dialogues, Dr. Sultan Al Jaber said: âThis series of dialogues has allowed us to converge on the critical elements of the just energy transition. The transition will not be straightforward, but it will be harder if we cannot agree on its central components. Simply put, to deliver the highest possible ambitious response to the Global Stocktake we must work together. I am encouraged by the practical actions brought forward by world leaders today at the final dialogue, and I hope that you take this open mindset and optimism throughout this COP.â
Dr. Birol commented: âIâm encouraged by the support by governments around the world during the dialogue for the IEAâs five pillars for success at COP28, including the need by 2030 for tripling renewable capacity, for doubling energy efficiency improvements, for the oil and gas industry to meaningfully commit to clean energy transitions, for a massive increase in financing for developing economies, and for an orderly decline of fossil fuel use. We now need to see this support translate into concrete commitments and action.â
Attendees highlighted the strong support for the COP28 Presidencyâs Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge, which has been signed by 130 countries. There was broad agreement on the need for urgent action on coal, not only on no new unabated coal plants, but also on accelerating the retirement of existing plants.
There was also acknowledgement that countries must seize the opportunity to develop and accelerate their own energy transition plans, while supporting developing countries with finance and technology transfer. Initiatives such as Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) were highlighted as an effective mechanism for enabling a just and orderly energy transition that supports developing countries.
The final Dialogue follows a year of engagements, where key elements of the energy transition including renewables, energy efficiency, financing, fossil fuel demand and supply, and decarbonization have been discussed. The series of Dialogues have been conducted in conjunction with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and supported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
During the dialogue, world leaders displayed significant ambition to achieve concrete targets and accelerate deployment of renewable capacity and improve energy efficiency. -
COP28âs flagship youth day hosted the first ever Youth Stocktake, bringing together thousands of young people from across the globe under the banner of climate action.
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COP28 Letter to Parties 2
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COP28 Letter to Parties 1
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COP28 Letter to Parties 3
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Excellencies, delegates, friends,
In fourteen days, we will convene in Dubai to seek practical solutions to the climate change challenge and deliver an ambitious response to the first Global Stocktake.
In an increasingly turbulent world, we have a unique opportunity to strengthen global solidarity and inspire the hope, optimism, and ingenuity required to transform our economies, safeguard our future, and keep 1.5°c within reach. While that ambition may seem daunting, the need for us to deliver a high-ambition outcome becomes ever-clearer.
This year is the hottest in human history. It is no longer just the science that tells us that. Today, we all see and feel the impacts of climate change first-hand. It is a constant reminder that we must do more.
The world needs good news, and the global community demands real action; we must meet their expectations. We must restore trust in multilateralism. COP28 provides the most immediate opportunity to do that. We must put aside our own interests. We must work together towards a greater good.
We all know the actions we must take. We must enable a just and responsible energy transition. We must reduce emissions. We must fix climate finance and make it more available, affordable, and accessible. We must protect nature, lives, and livelihoods and ensure sustainable, fair, socioeconomic development for all. We must do this for our families,
our friends, and for all future generations.
So, ahead of COP28, I ask only this: be positive and be prepared.
Be prepared to contribute. Be prepared to collaborate. Be prepared to deliver. Be prepared for the moment when our ambitions become actions and our promises become progress.
The UAEâs Founding Father, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, taught us that good work is hard, and hard work is good; and I am confident that your hard work to-date provides the best possible foundation for meaningful progress at COP28. I remain committed to ensuring that you will have the space and support required to deliver a historic, meaningful, high-ambition outcome.
The stage is set, and the world is waiting.
We must not disappoint.
We must unite. We must act. And we must deliver.
Yours faithfully,
Dr. Sultan Al Jaber
President Designate, COP28 UAE -
oday, the COP28 Presidency joined with the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for COP28, and Bloomberg Philanthropies to call on housing, urban development, environment, and finance ministers to back the âJoint Outcome Statement on Urbanization and Climate Changeâ (the Statement).
The Statement, which was supported by over 40 Ministers of Environment, Urban Development and Housing was put forward at COP28 during the second Ministerial Meeting on Urbanization and Climate Change.
At the event, the COP28 Presidency reiterated its call to national governments to fully integrate climate action among all levels of government and collaborate with subnational governments on the design and implementation of new climate plans and policies, including the next round of NDCs ahead of COP30 in 2025.
The Statement sets out a ten-point plan to boost the inclusion of cities in the decision-making process on climate change, drive multilevel climate action and accelerate the deployment of urban climate finance so that cities are prepared and supported to respond to the climate crisis.
Currently, as many as 90 percent of cities are threatened by rising sea levels and storms, and their residents are exposed to ten degrees higher temperatures than their counterparts in rural areas.
âCOP28 is a paradigm shift to action. We are empowering and supporting cities on the frontlines of climate change to seize the initiative,â said Dr. Sultan Al Jaber, the COP28 President.
âWe have brought over 450 mayors and governors to COP28 and their hyperlocal knowledge is crucial in informing our global solutions. When we talk about inclusivity this is what we mean, we need all voices at the table. I thank and commend those involved for their leadership,â added Dr. Al Jaber.
âEach city has individual needs and solutions but fundamentally this is a global problem, which this Statement shows. We have bought over 1,000 mayors and governors to COP28 as, when we talk about full inclusivity this is what we mean. We know we can need to learn from and support those on the frontlines. I thank and commend those involved for their leadership,â added Dr. Al Jaber.
The Statement builds on the âCoalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnershipsâ (CHAMP), which was launched at the Local Climate Action Summit (LCAS) on 1 December at COP28 and aims to inform and empower Ministers. CHAMP aims to identify and strengthen levers to increase and accelerate the deployment of climate finance to enable cities and local governments to respond to the climate crisis. It also aims to enable the inclusion of local and regional leaders in the formation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). To date, CHAMP has been endorsed by over 60 national governments.
Maimunah Mohd Sharif, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), said, âThe Ministerial Meeting was a key moment in our work toward inclusive and climate-resilient cities and communities. A diverse range of stakeholders gathered including leaders from the national and local level, underscoring the shared priority of supporting urban environments to withstand climate challenges."
Though cities, which are home to most of the worldâs population, contribute over 70 percent of CO2 emissions, immediate action could bring down their emissions to near net-zero. Recognizing citiesâ role in climate action, two-thirds of the updated NDCs feature moderate or strong urban content. However, finance remains a critical bottleneck, with only 21 percent of climate finance allocated to adaptation and resilience, and only 10 percent reaching the local level.
The Ministerial Meeting on Urbanization and Climate Change represents the second time Ministers responsible for Housing, Urban Development, and Environment have convened during the COP process. The first was during COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh with the support of UN-Habitat, which marked a significant first step in coordinating different levels of government to address the climate crisis in support of the goals of the Paris Agreement.
During the COP28 Ministerial today, delegates called for the Ministerial Meeting on Urbanization and Climate Change to remain a feature of future COP meetings. -
Over 40 ministers met today in Dubai in support of subnational climate action, joining the COP28 Presidency to announce a series of partnerships to accelerate the net-zero transition and climate resilience in cities.
The announcements span sectors including buildings, waste and resource management systems, urban water resilience, and urban nature restoration. They build on the 1 December launch of the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships for Climate Action (CHAMP) to include cities and regions in the design of federal climate commitments and strategies.
âMeeting the aims of the Paris Agreement and keeping 1.5°C within reach depends on the leadership and support of the worldâs mayors and governors,â said Dr. Al Jaber, âThat is why at COP28 we have empowered leaders and communities by launching CHAMP and working with organizations like UN-Habitat and Bloomberg Philanthropies to recognize and support the important roles cities and their leaders can play in addressing climate change."
Multilevel Action, Urbanization, Built Environment and Transport Day hosted the second Urban Climate Ministerial, co-organized with United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), and the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for COP28,and concludes a week of unprecedented mayoral and gubernatorial participation in the COP process. Brazilâs Minister of Cities, HE Jader Barbalho Filho, closed the meeting by announcing Brazilâs plans to widen participation and mobilization for the Ministerial at COP30.
The COP28 Presidency and Bloomberg Philanthropies partnered to deliver the Local Climate Action Summit (LCAS) (1-2 December), which saw over 500 subnational leaders join the summit portion of a COP for the first time. Nearly USD $500 million of new city-focused climate investment was also announced.
6 December outcomes include:
The Buildings Breakthrough
The Buildings Breakthrough, launched with the support of 27 countries, is led by France and Morocco. The partnership aims to make ânear-zero and resilient buildingsâ the new normal by 2030, addressing the fact that the building sector alone accounts for nearly 40 percent of global energy-related CO2 emissions, 50 percent of extracted materials, and one-third of global waste.
The Cement Breakthrough
The Cement and Concrete Breakthrough was launched by Canada and the UAE, along with an inaugural cohort of endorsing countries that include the United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan and Germany. The initiative strives to make clean cement the preferred choice in global markets, with near-zero emission cement production established and growing in every region of the world by 2030.
The Waste to Zero initiative
Waste to Zero[1] is a voluntary coalition made up of governments of all levels, NGOs, and the private sector to decarbonize the waste management sector and transform waste into resources[2]. Waste to Zero is an official initiative under the UAEâs âYear of Sustainabilityâ and spearheaded by the UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE), Abu Dhabi Waste Management Company (Tadweer), and Roland Berger.
The Waste MAP
The Waste MAP is the first-ever global platform to use satellite monitoring to track and measure methane emissions from waste, developed by the Global Methane Hub[3], Google Foundation, Rocky Mountain Institute, Clean Air Taskforce (CATF), the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)/GHGSat, and Carbon Mapper. Local governments and NGOs can use the platform to identify and mitigate methane emissions before they become hazardous. The platform is set to go live in 20 global megacities that are collectively home to over 100 million people.
Two new programmes to accelerate the adoption of 15-minute city (15MC)/proximity planning policies and measure their impact
C40, a network of nearly 100 mayors of the worldâs leading cities, is increasing actions to accelerate the adoption of the 15-minute City (15MC) - highly liveable, walkable, and people-oriented cities. The Green and Thriving Neighborhoods programme created in collaboration with Urban Partners provides deep support to more than 40 cities to help them turn the 15MC into reality through the implementation of concrete pilot projects. C40 also launched a tool to measure the impacts of 15MC with Novo Nordisk. The Healthy Neighborhoods Explorer, created with Novo Nordiskâs Cities will enable policymakers to measure how 15MCs significantly reduce emissions and offer residents better health.
The Generation Restoration project
Guided by the Paris Agreement and the Global Biodiversity Framework, the Generation Restoration[4] project (2023-2025) is currently supporting pilot projects to catalyze urban ecosystem restoration and emissions mitigation in eight world cities[5]. These cities include Douala (Cameroon); Dakar-Plateau & Thies (Senegal); Quezon City (the Philippines); Kochi (India); Sirajganj (Bangladesh); Samborondon (Ecuador); Mexico City (Mexico); and Manaus (Brazil).
Commitments to fossil fuel-free land transport
World transport systems are vital for peopleâs lives and livelihoods, with transport representing around 22 percent of global carbon emissions.
The COP28 Presidency, the UAE Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, the International Transport Forum, and the International Energy Agency have come together to organize the first ever transport-energy ministerial at a COP. Working closely with key delivery partners, including the SLOCAT Partnership, the Air Transport Action Group and the UN Climate Change High-Level Champions team, the COP28 Presidency spotlighted key solutions to decarbonize the transport sector.
The sustainable land transport community, led primarily by the SLOCAT Partnership, agreed to mark the first ever World Sustainable Transport Day on 26 November 2023, and issued a call to action to double the share of energy efficient and fossil-free forms of land transport by 2030. Initiated by SLOCAT and REN21 jointly with IDDRI, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), International Association of Railways (UIC), International Union of Railways (UITP) and World Resources Institute (WRI), and endorsed by Chile and Columbia and 60 multi stakeholder organizations.
âA Playbook fo -
As the world convenes for COP28 to address urgent climate challenges, the spotlight is on nature-based solutions as a cost-effective resilience strategy. Despite its promise, a key challenge remains: financing. Traditional funding has often overlooked nature-based solutions in favor of conventional infrastructure projects. However, a range of innovative financing mechanisms can bridge this financing gap and scale up nature-based solutions.â¨â¨â¨
Nature-based Solutions
Nature-based solutions have emerged as a compelling, cost-effective way to build resilience against climate change. Using nature's own systems, nature-based solutions aim to mitigate risks and buffer communities against the increasing threats posed by a changing climate. Examples range from allowing waterways to meander along their natural courses to help reduce flood risks to conserving coastal mangrove forests to protect nearby homes from storm surges. Despite its promise, financing remains a hurdle, partly because traditional funding models have focused on grey infrastructure, such as embankments for flood control or new reservoirs to relieve water shortages, rather than on natural systems. As COP28 brings the world's attention to pressing climate challenges, it is time to explore alternative financing mechanisms for scaling up nature-based solutions.
Payments for Ecosystem Services
Among the leading market-based solutions are Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES). PES incentivizes communities to maintain or enhance valuable ecosystem services such as flood control. Payments are directly linked to measurable improvements in ecosystem health, providing a sustainable financing model that can be adapted for various nature-based solutions. Overall, PES can serve as a key mechanism for financing nature-based solutions, offering a direct line of revenue for sustainably managed ecosystem.
Public-Private Partnerships
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) offer a collaborative approach to tackle the challenges of climate adaptation. Traditional PPPs have been used to develop public infrastructure like transportation and utilities, but their scope can be expanded to include nature-based solutions initiatives. In these partnerships, public and private sectors combine their resources and expertise to deliver more efficient solutions. This can range from local nature-based solutions projects to strategic partnerships aimed at protecting or restoring ecosystems.
Green Bonds
Green bonds are a promising tool to attract investment in environmental projects, including nature-based solutions. Issued by both public and private entities, these bonds specifically fund projects that deliver environmental benefits. They provide an opportunity for investors to contribute to sustainability while also receiving financial returns. Green bonds can fund projects like sustainable land use, habitat restoration, and other nature-based solutions-related activities.
The versatility and attractiveness of green bonds make them a powerful tool for scaling up investment in nature-based solutions initiatives. The urgency of climate adaptation demands innovative financial solutions. As we look towards COP28, we find that mechanisms like PES, PPPs, and green bonds offer promising pathways to fill the financing gaps in nature-based solutions. By embracing these innovative financing mechanisms, COP28 can catalyze global efforts in scaling up nature-based solutions, aligning financial flows with the urgent need for resilient, sustainable communities. - Vis mere
