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Please turn to Romans 11. We’ll be considering verses 11-24. That is on page 1125.
Last week, we focused on the remnant of Israel, chosen by grace. We learned that even though Israel as a whole, rejected God and his promises, yet God in his mercy has always had a remnant of his people who did and do believe.
This week, the apostle Paul shifts to talk mainly about the Gentiles. He answers the question, why did God ordained that Israel would not believe. Why? So that the Gospel would go to the Gentiles. That is the main focus of our sermon text this morning. And, as we’ll see, it will relate back to Israel.
Reading of Romans 11:11-24
Prayer
In 2008, art professor Sam Van Aken did something very unique. He grafted in 40 different kinds of fruit branches into a single tree. He called it the Tree of 40 Fruit. And it is quite spectacular.
The tree is still alive today, 16 years later. It’s planted on the campus of Syracuse University where Van Aken teaches.
Every spring, buds will blossom into a beautiful array of pastel colors with shades of white and pink and red and purple. It looks fairy-tale-like but it is real.
But what’s more amazing is what happens in the summer. It produces all kinds of fruit including peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, cherries, and almonds. Basically different kinds of stone fruit -different heirloom and native varieties.
Interestingly, Van Aken began producing multiple Trees of 40 Fruits and you can actually buy one. Several museums and universities now have them on display. There are about 20 of these beautiful trees around the country.
It's a picture of what is described in Romans 11:11-24. People from all over the world, being grafted into the tree of faith in Christ. Each with different blossoms and fruit and each displaying the wonder and glory of God in Christ. He is the root and the source of life and the one who sustains and is cultivating this amazing tree.
This idea of grafting is the apostle Paul’s main analogy in these verses. And it’s very helpful. Paul uses it to help answer an important question. His question is right there in verse 11. “Did Israel stumble, in order that they may fall?” In other words, is the reason that Israel stumbled in their faith because God wanted to reject them forever? And his answer is, “By no means.” There it is again.
And actually for the rest of the verses today, he explains his answer, and he uses the grafting illustration to help.
Before we dive into these verses, let me point out there are two main parts to the answer. And what we will see is that Paul actually circles back to those two answers three different times.
The two parts to the answer are right there in verses 11 and 12. So, let me first highlight what he says there, and then we’ll take them one at a time and see them worked out in these verses.
So, why did Israel stumble in unbelief?
1. The first part of the answer is right there after the question. “through their trespass [Israel’s trespass], salvation has come to the Gentiles.” The first reason for Israel’s sin of unbelief is so that the Gospel would go to the Gentiles.
2. And that leads right in to the second part of the answer. It’s the next phrase in verse 11. “So as to make Israel jealous.” And a little bit later Paul adds, and “thus save some of them.” In other words, one reason that salvation has come to the Gentiles is so that Israel will see what God is doing and be jealous – jealous in a good way. They will want to be a part of what God is doing and that will cause some to believe.
So, that is the summary. Part #1 – Israel’s unbelief has resulted in salvation going to the Gentiles. Part #2 – the Gospel going to the Gentiles will make Israel jealous, so that more will come to believe.
And we see those very same two points in verses 13-16 and then again in verses 17 to 24. It’s that last section of verses where apostle Paul talks about branches being cut off and also grafted in.
Main Point #1. Israel’s Unbelief -> Salvation to the Gentiles
So, let’s take those one at a time. Again, point number 1 - Israel’s rejection has resulted in salvation for the Gentiles. And to support his point, in verse 13, Paul highlights his own ministry to the Gentiles.
It’s like he’s saying, “look at what God is doing among the Gentiles, to whom I am called.”
Paul’s own ministry testifies to how the Jews rejected Jesus which caused him to go to the Gentiles. In fact, it’s the pattern in almost every city he went to. The first thing Paul would do is find the Jewish synagogue and speak to them about Jesus. But every time, the Jews, by in large, would reject the Gospel. So, what would he do? Paul would go to the Gentiles. Sometimes he would even be so bold and tell the Jews. If you are not going to believe, then I am going to them. That happened in the city of Antioch. It happened in Corinth. And it happened again in Ephesus. All of those are recorded in the book of Acts. In Corinth Paul said. “Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.”
And, as we considered before, it’s not as though every single Jew rejected Jesus. Some believed. Paul, himself, and others were an example of this. But it was a small number compared to God’s work among the nations. Faith in Christ was exploding among the Romans and the Greeks and those in Asia minor and in North Africa and it was beginning to spread to all non-Jewish people groups, all Gentiles, to the ends of the earth. And as we talked about before, the Gospel is continuing today to expand to all nations, peoples, and languages.
Here is where we get to the grafting metaphor. Verse 17, which is the third time that Paul explains how Israel’s unbelief resulted in the Gentiles’ belief. He writes in 17, “branches were broken off, and you, although a wild olive shoot, were grafted in.”
Let’s go back to the Tree of 40 Fruit…. In order to accomplish all the grafting, Professor Van Aken would begin by carefully notching the tree trunk. He would then insert new freshly cut branches from other fruit trees and align the grain so that the sap could flow into the branch. And actually, he couldn’t do it all at once. it took 10 years to graft the 40 different varieties into the tree. But that wasn’t the only thing he had to do. He also pruned off many of the natural branches. The reason is, pruning redirects more nutrients to the grafts. It would also allow for more sunlight and airflow. The end result is that the grafts would take and become part of the tree.
Unbelieving Israel was pruned away, and the believing Gentiles were grafted into the trunk. All the promises of God for Israel of old would become promises for us. All the blessings and benefits of true faith given to them, Israel, would become blessings and benefits for us. Those benefits include communion with God and one another as we are all united to Christ. Through that union, we have been reconciled to God. We have peace with him. We now have the source of nutrients through God’s Word and in his Spirit. All those things and more are now available to the branches that have been grafted into Christ.
So, why did Israel stumble in unbelief? The part 1 answer is so that believing Gentiles would be grafted into the tree of life.
Now, before we move onto the part 2 answer, which is about Israel’s jealousy, I want to take two tangents – two side comments. There are two other important things related to the Gentiles being grafted in.
Tangent #1: Humility
The first tangent is a tangent that the apostle Paul takes. Did you notice that he warns the Gentiles? Right after he says that branches have been cut off so that you can be grafted in, look at what verse 18 says. “Do not be arrogant toward the branches… it is not you who support the root but the root that supports you.” Let me ask, who are the branches that he is referring to? It’s the branches that were cut off. Paul is referring to unbelieving Israel. Do not be arrogant towards them. If you are arrogant, as verse 19 says, you will say, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” The emphasis there is on “I.”
To be sure, that statement is true. Branches were broken off so that you could be grafted in. And the apostle Paul validates that in verse 20. “that is true,” he says. However, he adds, “you should stand fast through faith.” Paul is saying, remember, you are a product of God’s grace which you received through faith. It is not you who grafted yourself in. “Do not become proud,” he says. No, you’ve received God’s kindness and not his severity. Rather than being prideful, we need to understand that we’ve been grafted in by faith according to God’s grace.
We don’t know the reason that Paul includes this. It’s possible the church in Rome was experiencing persecution by unbelieving Jews. It’s possible the church was acting out against the unbelieving Jews. We’re not sure. However, they and we are given a clear directive. We, as branches grafted into the root, are to treat unbelieving Jewish people with respect and love. We should have a desire for them to believe in Christ and be grafted back into the tree of faith.
There is a lot of antisemitism in the world today (racism against the Jews). In fact, since the Holocaust, some have argued that the New Testament is the reason. People have even said that the apostle Paul and Jesus himself are guilty of causing antisemitism. Friends, that belief is a perversion of what the New Testament teaches. In fact, it’s quite the opposite. We are called to love our neighbors – that includes any and everyone. And there should be a unique place of respect for our unbelieving Jewish neighbors. We’re called here to be humble and loving toward the branches that have been cut off, because we have been grafted in.
So that is the first tangential comment.
Tangent #2: Who is true Israel?
The second comment also relates to the grafting. It’s an important question. Who are God’s true people? Who is true Israel? I want to answer that by considering all of history.
And let me start with the easy part of the answer. God’s true people include people from all nations who truly believe by faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. In other words, Gentiles who have been grafted in by faith. That is one group that is part of God’s true people.
Another group are Jewish people who believe by faith in Jesus as the Messiah and as their Savior. I’m talking about messianic Jews today and going back to the time of Jesus. They were not grafted in. Rather, they were and are the natural branches that have not been cut off. That is the second group.
There’s also a third group. The third group are the Israelites before Jesus came, who believed in God’s promises by faith. They did not have a clear picture of how salvation would be accomplished, but they looked to God for salvation and hoped in the coming Messiah. These are the remnant of old of which the beginning of Romans 11 speaks. They did not look to the law for their salvation, but neither did they reject God’s law. Rather, they trusted in God’s covenant promises by faith and sought to honor him as a response of faith. Romans chapter 9 also spoke about them. Remember what the apostle Paul said? Not all Israel are Israel. A subset of Israel was true Israel – children of the promise. Those are the remnant in the Old Testament times… and they are part of God’s true people.
And finally, I don’t want to leave out the non-Israelites in the Old Testament who also believed in the God of Israel, like Ruth and Rahab. They are also among God’s elect.
All of those groups are part of God’s true people. We sometimes say spiritual Israel or as I mentioned true Israel. All those groups are branches of the tree, either natural branches that have not been cut off or grafted-in branches. They have all received God’s grace and mercy. Or to use the words here, God’s kindness. And they all have true faith in Christ - either hoping in what God would do to bring salvation, or believing in Jesus and what he has done. And none of those groups are saved by their works. Rather we are all saved by Christ’s work and his righteousness.
In one sense, that’s a summary of these three chapters in Romans.
Ok, I hope those two side comments are helpful. First, the call to humility and love for unbelieving Israel in hope that they may believe. And second, addressing the question, Who are God’s people?
Main Point #2. Salvation of the Gentiles -> Israel’s Belief
Let’s come back now to the main question of these verse. Why did Israel stumble in unbelief? The first part of the answer was so that salvation would come to the Gentiles. It has and continues to today.
That brings us to the second part of the answer. Israel’s stumbling will lead to more Jews coming to faith in Christ. Here’s the logic: Unbelieving Israel will see what God is doing throughout the world. Some will be jealous of it and subsequently come to believe. That word jealous is in verse 11 as we already considered. It is also there in verse 14.
One reason that Paul highlights his ministry to the Gentiles is because he wants his fellow Jews to also believe in Jesus. He says, “I magnify my ministry in order somehow to make my fellow Jews jealous and thus save some of them.” Do you see that? By the way, this is the third time in these three chapters that the apostle Paul opens his heart. He so desires that the unbelieving Jews would believe.
Why? He answers that with a rhetorical question in verse 15. “…what will their acceptance mean but life from the dead?” He knows that they are branches cut off without Christ.
But, God can graft them back in. It’s right there in verse 23. “And even they, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in.” He’s talking about unbelieving Israel coming to believe. Do you see that double negative? “If they do not continue in their unbelief.” In other words, if they turn to believe, they will again be grafted in. He’s referring to current generation or future generation unbelieving Jews who come to faith in Jesus. They will be grafted back into the tree.
You know, I was curious which root stock was used in the Tree of 40 Fruit. I was hoping it was an olive tree… but actually, it’s a plum tree – technically a Myrobalan Plum. Maybe some of you know what that is. It has a hearty root system. It’s resistant to many diseases. It can grow in different soil types. This kind of plum tree can also receive grafts from many other kinds of stone fruit trees. For all those reasons, it was used as the main root system and trunk for the Tree of 40 Fruit. But do you know what kind of branch can most easily be grafted into this kind of plum tree? A Myrobalan plum branch. I know that’s probably obvious.
As verse 23 say, “God has the power to graft them in again.” And if God has grafted us in, from a wild olive tree… “how much more,” he says, “will these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree.”
God chose to reveal himself to Abraham and his descendants, who would become the people of Israel. It was not because of anything they did, but it was because of his purposes. Through them, he revealed himself. He revealed his character. He revealed his promises and law. God revealed the nature of his creation and the call for each of us to know him. He revealed the sinful heart of mankind. He revealed redemption. And it is Israel, physical Israel, through whom God sent his very son. Jesus himself was Jewish. And it is through him, that the world, the Gentiles, would come to know and believe in the God of Israel. He is the one true God of the universe.
And the very clear sense we get from these verses is that God is not done with unbelieving Israel. Back to verse 12, “if their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full inclusion mean” From the context of chapters 9-11, I believe Paul is referring to all the remnant of Israel, whom God has ordained to come to know Jesus. How amazingly rich will that be!
Let me note, lots has been written about that one verse, verse 12. Particularly the phrase “their full inclusion.” I do want to spend more time on that phrase. But you’ll have to come back next week. There’s a similar phrase at the end of chapter 11 in verse 26. It says there that “all Israel will be saved.” What does that mean? We’ll work through both of those next week.
The main point of these verses is clear. God has grafted us, the gentiles, into the nourishing olive tree that is true Israel. If you believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, you are part of God’s people saved by grace through faith. We’ve been united to him, to Christ, by faith. And God will use that amazing grace, which is going forth all throughout the world, to bring about a godly jealousy in unbelieving Israel.
As we come to a close, let’s go back to what it means to be grafted into the root. Remember, Paul was writing to the church in Rome. A majority of the Christians in Rome were Gentiles. They didn’t have the background of the Jewish people. Before coming to Christ, they didn’t know the law of Moses. They didn’t have the Psalms or the Prophets. They never read the historical account of Israel as a nation nor the wisdom literature. Yet, they believed. And when they were grafted into Christ, all of that history became their history. In the book of Romans there are about 60 Old Testament references. In writing to the church in Rome, Paul is drawing them into the full counsel of what God has revealed in his Word.
And it’s not just for the believing Gentiles in Rome. No, this is our history. Abraham is our father by faith. We are not natural descendants, but we are now spiritual descendants by faith. We have been grafted into what God has done in Israel and what he is doing now around the world, as people from every tribe, and tongue and nation who have been grafted into him.
May that give us a passion to see more Gentiles grafted into the tree by faith in Christ. And may God give us a similar passion and humility, desiring to see the natural descendants of Israel come to know Jesus as their Messiah and Savior and be grafted back in.
May it not just be a tree of 40 Fruit, but a tree with branches from the 17,000 people groups in the world including believing Israel in her fulness.
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Please turn to Romans chapter 10. Our sermon text begins in verse 18 and goes to chapter 11 verse 10. You can find that in the pew Bibles on page 1125
Last week we considered two main ideas from the middle of chapter 10.
· First – faith is simple. It is confessing Jesus as Lord and believing in his death and resurrection.
· Second – In order for people to know about saving faith, they need to hear. And in order for people to hear, believers need to be sent to proclaim the good news.
And that brings us to our verses this morning. The question is, what about the people of Israel? Why do most not have this saving faith?
That is the main question to which the apostle Paul now turns.
Reading of Romans 10:18 to 11:10
Prayer
Back when I was in the business consulting world, I worked with lots of people with different beliefs and backgrounds – that include a few Jewish people. With two of them, in particular, I had multiple conversations about God and faith. Both of these guys had a very strong Jewish identity. Both of them would celebrate Jewish holidays. Both of them knew what those celebrations were about. However, neither of them believed in God at all. And that is pretty typical. I suspect some of you have had the same experience.
Albert Einstein, the most famous scientist in US history who was also Jewish, wrote this: "The word god is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses,” Einstein furthermore said, “the Bible [is] a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends... No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this." That is a hear heart.
Many Jews, today, are very secular like Einstein was. Not only do they reject Jesus, but many reject the existence of God.
To be sure, orthodox and other conservative Jews certainly do believe in God. However, they reject Jesus as the Messiah. One of the most well know Rabbis in history described Jesus as the failed Messiah…. He wrote, “Rather than redeeming Israel Jesus caused Jews to be killed and exiled, changed the Torah and led the world to worship a false God.”
All of that is sad to consider. As the apostle Paul wrote in the beginning of chapter 9, “to them belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises. To them belong the patriarchs, and from their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ, who is God over all.”
And we ask, why? Why, Lord, do they not believe? After all, they have the promises and patterns and prophecies of the Messiah. And the New Testament has about 1000 Old Testament quotes and allusions. They reveal how Jesus fulfilled those promises and patterns and prophecies.
Is it because they have not heard? Or is it because they have not understood what they heard? Lord, have you rejected your people?
These are important questions. And those are the three main questions in these verses.
In one sense, the apostle Paul has already answered the question. Do you remember from chapter 9 that God in his sovereignty has mercy on those whom he choses to have mercy and he hardens whom he chooses to harden? That answer is from the divine perspective. It’s from the perspective of God’s purposes, which are for his own glory. Remember, it’s about God’s mercy.
Well, today’s verses answer the question from the human perspective. We learned last week that the means through which people receive the righteousness of God (the means through which people are saved) is through faith in Christ. It’s professing Jesus as Lord. It’s believing him as the promised Messiah. That is how we come to know that God has been merciful to us.
So, from a human perspective, why do more Jewish people not believe by faith in Christ? Did they never hear? Or is it that they do not understand?
Well, those first two questions are answered at the end of chapter 10.
Let’s take those in order. First, did unbelieving Israel never hear? Is it possible the problem is they have not been told?
Well, the apostle gives an answer right there in verse 18. “I ask, have they not heard? Indeed they have, for ‘Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.’”
That is a very interesting quote. It’s from Psalm 19. It’s actually one of my favorites. “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words, whose voice is not heard.” And then the words quoted in Romans 10 “Their voice has gone out to all the earth…”
The reason this reference is interesting or curious is that the beginning of Psalm 19 is speaking abut God’s character and nature revealed in creation. The verse that Paul quotes is not talking about God’s Word and the promise of redemption going forth. But Romans 10 is. It’s about God’s Word (his special revelation) and about salvation in Christ. So, there is a seeming disconnect.
Now, there have been different interpretations as to why Psalm 19 is referenced. Let me give you two possibilities which I think best answer the question.
· First, Psalm 19 actually does talk about God’s special revelation in the second half. The Psalmist writes later in the Psalm, “the law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul.” And it goes on to talk about God’s “testimony” and “precepts” and “commands.” So one possibility is that Paul is alluding to the whole Psalm. He’s saying, yes, Israel has heard. They have the Scriptures, which includes the law. And remember from up in Romans 10:4. Christ is the end of the law – he is its purpose and fulfillment. Bottom line, yes, they have heard. So that’s one strong possibility.
· A second possible reason is this: Since the whole creation testifies to God’s character and everyone in the world has therefore witnessed it, how much more so has Israel heard. Israel has both the witness of God’s general revelation all around them and they have the special revelation of God’s revealed Word. Yes, they have heard.
Whatever the reason for the Psalm 19 reference, the point is clear. As Paul says, “Indeed they have [heard]”
Which brings us to the next question. Ok, well, if they indeed heard, is the reason they did not believe because they did not understand? You see that question right there in verse 19, “Did Israel not understand?”
And Paul answers that with multiple Old Testament references. In fact, in our verses today, there are 7 Old Testament quotes – that’s 7 in just 14 verses. That is a lot. As he has done that throughout these chapters, Paul answers the questions by going back to the Scriptures.
Alright, I want you to look down at our text in Romans 10 and 11, you’ll see some of those quotes. In the English Standard Version, which is what we use for our readings, you’ll see three indented quotes at the end of chapter 10. And if you look over in chapter 11, you’ll see two more indented quotes in verses 8 through 10. We already discussed the first reference - Psalm 19. The other four Old Testament quotes are all related.
They all answer the question, why didn’t Israel believe?
I like the way that one commentator summarized it. He says that these verses reveal “that not ignorance but unwillingness was the cause of Israel’s lack of faith.” (Hendrickson)… not ignorance, but unwillingness. They understood the words, but they ignored or disregarded them.
Sometimes, I’m sitting on the couch or I’m sitting in my recliner, and Amy will ask me a question. Now, I may be present in the room (well, at least my body is), but my brain is somewhere else. I could be thinking about my sermon or thinking about a house project or thinking about something related to church. And I’ll instinctively respond to Amy’s question with “sure” or “that sounds good.” All the while, my mind is not there.
And then every once and a while, she ask, “any thoughts on what I just asked?” My first thought is, “wait, what did she ask me? is this a trap?” No, she’s sincere… and I have to quickly come back to reality and pretend like I was always there. But she knows. Her words came in one ear and went out the other.
Israel heard the words, but they didn’t really hear. They understood but they really weren’t listening. No, their mind was on other things. In fact, their mind was on other gods, not on the one true God.
And that’s the point of the Moses reference in Romans 10 verse 19. It’s a quote from Deuteronomy 32. God was angry because Israel was pursuing false gods. They knew God’s law, that they should have no other gods before him, but they disregarded it.
And so, what did God do? Well, he went to a people who were not his people and he made them his people. That’s the “jealous” reference in verse 19. And actually, verse 20 mentions the same thing. This time it’s a quote from the prophet Isaiah, chapter 65. “I have been found by those who did not seek me; I have shown myself to those who did not ask for me.”
In other words, since you ignored and rejected my words, I’m going to reveal myself to the Gentiles in order to make you jealous.
By the way, next week we’ll get into the jealous theme a little more because Paul comes back to it in the middle of chapter 11, so stay tuned for that.
The point here is that God clearly revealed himself to them, but they ignored him. The next quote in verse 21 is actually the very next verse in Isaiah 65. “All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and contrary people.” God had been gracious to them, but they rejected him. Again, not because of ignorance (not knowing), but because of disregard.
Now, jump over to chapter 11 verse 8. It’s related. It says, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, down to this very day.” And that continues to today. God closed the eyes of Israel’s hearts. Chapter 11 verse 10 is similar. “let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their backs forever.”
You see, it’s both their responsibility for not listening and believing…. and it is God who hardens them. That is the tension in these three chapters and really in all of scripture – man’s responsibility and God’s sovereignty.
It goes back to something we considered in chapter 9. Every single one of us was dead in our sins and trespasses – our unbelief. Every single human being is responsible for his or her unbelief and sin. It goes all the way back to the tragic results of the fall. But God in his mercy chose some to receive his grace. And that is part of the answer to the question here. And it is an important question.
Did God reject his people, Israel? That’s the question in chapter 11 verse 1. After all, Israel rejected him, so does that mean, given God’s sovereignty, that God rejected them?
What is Paul’s response? Well, it’s one of his many emphatic responses. “By no means!” Absolutely... positively... unequivocally, God did NOT reject his people!
And he gives two examples followed by a reason.
The first example is very very personal. Paul gives the example of himself. He was an Israelite to the core – a Hebrew of Hebrews. He had been a pharisee! In fact, Paul was persecuting and killing Christians before Jesus himself appeared to him. But then he fell on his knees and believed in Jesus as Lord – as the promised Messiah. Do you see how Paul is answering the question? Look at me. I am an example of the fact that God has not rejected his people.
And you know what, Paul is writing to the church in Rome. Several in the church to whom he was writing were also Jewish. Paul mentions the most well-known ones in chapter 16 - Priscilla and Aquilla. They were Jewish, originally from Rome. About 25 years earlier they had to flee Rome because of persecution against the Jews. That’s when they moved to Corinth and met Paul. Somewhere in there they became believers in Jesus. After Corinth, they were sent to Ephesus to help the church there. And now they were back home in Rome.
And besides Priscilla and Aquila, in the book of Acts, we learn about several Jews coming to faith in Christ including a Jewish synagogue leader. Paul’s point is that God had not rejected his people. There were in fact, many Jews, including himself, who believed.
Did you know that today, there are about 350,000 Jews who believe in Jesus. Multiple organizations have done surveys in the last several years including Pew Research. That is 350,000 out of about 15 million Jews in the world. That is a small number, but it is not insignificant. There are Messianic Jewish congregations in Atlanta that believe in Jesus. There are about 300 congregations in the modern nation of Israel who believe in Jesus. You see, the remnant not only existed in Paul’s day, but a remnant of Israel exists today.
Ok, let’s go way back. Paul gives another example. This time he goes back almost 900 years from his day. He reminds his readers of the prophet Elijah. Back in Elijah’s day, many in Israel followed the false god Baal.
Some of you remember what happened. King Ahab called the prophets of Baal and the people of Israel to convene on Mt Carmel – 450 false prophets showed up. Elijah was there by himself as the sole prophet of Yahweh.
And Elijah called on the prophets of Baal to build a structure of wood and a sacrifice on top of it and to call on Baal to bring down fire to consume the sacrifice. So that is what they did. They built it and called on their god. But, of course, nothing happened. So Elijah then mocked them. Where is your god? Perhaps he is busy or perhaps relieving himself in one of the porta-potties… or maybe he’s on vacation, or asleep.
And this went on.
Finally, Elijah had a structure built and a sacrifice prepared – it included 12 stones to represent the 12 tribes of Israel. And not only that, he sent for water and had the whole structure doused in water so that the wood was saturated and the trenches around the altar were full. And Elijah prayed. And immediately, fire came down and consumed the sacrifice. It consumed the stones, the wood, the sacrificial bull, and the water in the trench. The people then bowed down and worshiped the Lord God.
But their belief was short lived. King Ahab and Queen Jezebel put immense pressure on the people and again their hearts turned away from God. Earlier in our service, we heard the account in 1 King 19. The king and the queen also threatened to kill Elijah.
And so Elijah goes off into the wilderness. He’s overwhelmed. He feels like a failure. He feels like his ministry is all for nothing. He feels like he’s the only faithful one. And what does he say to the Lord? It’s quoted there in Romans 11 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars, and I alone am left, and they seek my life!” He actually says that twice back in 1 Kings! That’s how strongly he felt.
But then the Lord God reveals his glory to Elijah and responds.
And God gives Elijah a very surprising answer. It’s not the answer that Elijah was expecting. He thought he was alone in the world. But God said, “I have seven thousand in Israel who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” You are not alone! There are those who heard and who believed!
Let’s go back to Romans. After referencing God’s response to Elijah, Paul writes … “So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace.”
God had not rejected his people Israel, because he has always had a remnant of his people Israel who are his true people. Earlier in chapter 9, Paul identified them as descendants of the promise. And here Paul writes they are chosen by grace.
Grace, by the way, is the Greek word Xaris. It means an undeserved gift. Grace is not something we can earn by works, rather it is a gift of God.
That is why verse 7 says, “But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.” You see, it cannot be both works and grace that make God’s remnant of Israel be his true people. No, those things don’t go together. The very essence of grace is that it is undeserved – works cannot save you.
Let me ask, was there ever a time when salvation was achieved through our works? The answer may surprise you. Yes, but you have to go all the way back to Adam and Eve in the garden before the fall. Since the moment they ate the forbidden fruit… the only work that could achieve salvation is the work of God in Christ for you. That is God’s grace. It is for all who believe by faith. That includes Israel of old who believed by faith in the savior to come… and it includes Jews today who believe by faith in the savior who has come.
It is all a gift of grace.
Now, in verse 7, Paul does say that Israel failed to obtain what it was seeking. What he is saying is that Israel, as a whole, the natural descendants, failed to believe. By in large, that’s true. However, as he puts it next, “the elect have obtained it.” Those are the remnant of Israel, which God ordained before the foundation of the world, to believe in him. It is they who are chosen by grace.
Here’s the summary:
Did Israel hear? Yes, they all heard with their ears, but only the remnant heard with their hearts. Did they understand? Yes, they all understood the words, but only the remnant truly listened. The rest were hardened by their own unbelief and hardened by the Lord. But God, in his sovereign grace, ordained some to everlasting life. God has therefore not rejected his people.
I want to end with a brief word of application. Let me first say that this application is not directly present in these verses. However, it is a necessary response. Last week, we talked about proclaiming the good news – blessed are the feet of those who bring the good news. Well, besides that responsibility… there’s only one other thing that we can do… one other thing that can affect change in someone’s heart to hear and believe.
We can pray.
God is the one who opens ears to hear and opens eyes to see. Yes, he uses his people to proclaim but it is his Holy Spirit who changes a heart of stone to a heart of flesh. When we pray, we recognize that. We recognize that it is those chosen by grace who will believe.
And so we boldly pray that God would open the eyes and ears of all to hear his word – just as he did ours. And our prayer should include Jewish unbelievers – the secular ones, the orthodox ones, any and all who reject God and his Son, the Messiah and Savior of the world.
May God remind us of his grace in our lives… And may we pray that he would expand the remnant of Israel, that many more would believe in Jesus.
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Please turn in your Bibles to Romans chapter 10. Our sermon text this morning is verses 5-17. You can find that on page 1124.
As you are turning there, let me note a couple of things.
We are in the middle of our summer study of Romans 9-11. Thank you to Peter Van Wyk for preaching last week from the end of chapter 9 into the beginning of chapter 10. It was excellent. As we get into these verses this morning, I’ll refer back to some of those points.
In these three chapters, the big question is, how should we understand Israel and the Jewish people today? Especially unbelieving Jews? There were many in the apostle Paul’s day and there are many today.
It’s an important question because God revealed himself to the world through Israel. So, Israel, as a people, were central in God’s plan.
One thing that underlies these chapters is having a heart for their salvation. In the beginning of chapter 9, Paul put it in the most passionate of ways. If I could be cut off for their sake that they would believe, I would do it. That is how deeply he desired to see them believe in Christ. In fact, Paul says something similar at the beginning of chapter 10, verse 1 – he writes, “my heart's desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved.”
Our hearts desire should be the same. So that is the underlying sentiment in all three of these chapters.
And what the apostle Paul has been explaining in these chapters is the relationship between unbelieving Israel and believing Israel and believing Gentiles. As I mentioned before, but just to be sure, the Gentiles are all the non-Jewish people.
To explain the relationship between these groups, Paul asks questions and gives answers. That has been his approach all through Romans.
And as he asks and answers questions, he makes the point that his answers are not new. I was thinking about how he’s done that. I think a good phrase that captures it is this, “it has always been that way.” He doesn’t use those words, but that idea is in every answer.
For example:
· Paul asks, since many Israelites do not believe in Christ, have God’s promises failed? Remember that question from three weeks ago? His answer is no. Why? Not all Israel are Israel. A subset of Israel are children of the promise. He points out that it has always been that way.
· Paul next asks, is God unjust when he chooses only some to believe? The answer is no. Rather God in his sovereignty is merciful. He points out again it has always been that way.
· His next question, which was last week, is a really important one. Do the Gentiles (which includes us or most of us) receive a right standing before God by faith, but the Jews are righteous by keeping the law? Paul’s answer again: no! Righteousness is only received by faith. In fact, it has always been that way.
That answer is like the beating drum of these chapters. It has always been that way. That is why there are so many Old Testament quotes. And we’ll continue to see that.
Alright, I know that is a long preamble, but hopefully that helps tie together where we’ve been so far.
In our verses this morning, Paul addresses the next logical question, what is this faith thing? And second, how do people come to know of this faith?
So, let’s turn now to God’s word.
Reading of Romans 10:5-17
Prayer
The word “faith” today is very squishy. I think you know what I mean. Its use is broad. We say we have faith in other people. Or we have faith in our abilities. Or we have faith that something will work out in the end.
Sometimes faith refers to different religions. You’ll hear people ask, “what faith tradition do you come from?” Other times you will hear “he has a deep faith” or “she has a deep faith.” Or maybe you’ll even hear, “I have faith in science or technology to solve such and such a problem.”
You see, in today’s world, faith has a lot of different meanings.
But what is the faith that the apostle Paul is speaking about here? That is a crucial question. He’s told us that righteousness, which is our right standing before God, comes by faith and not works.
He explained that we are righteous before God not because we are good enough. No, rather, it is because of Christ’s righteousness. When we have faith, we are given his righteousness. I like how Peter put it last week: Christ is the law. It’s a great way to think about it. Christ is the beginning of the law. He is its purpose and its fulfillment. He fulfills the law for us. And guess what, it has always been that way.
But the question is, what does it actually mean to have a righteousness by faith and not the law? That is the first question that these verses address.
Look at verse 5. It says, “For Moses writes about the righteousness that is based on the law, that the person who does the commandments shall live by them.”
In other words, if you think that you can become righteous by keeping the law, you will live with the consequences of not keeping the law. And you know what? …the consequences are bad. Verse 5 is a reference back to the book of Leviticus. In fact, it’s not the only time the apostle Paul quoted this same verse from Leviticus. In Galatians chapter 3 (which is his letter to the church in Galatia), Paul quotes the same verse. He then says that trying to be righteous through the law is a curse. As he put it there, “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us.” The point is: we cannot keep the law. There is only one who has, and that is Jesus. He is the only righteous one.
And that is why we are called to have faith in him.
Let me take a moment and speak to the children and teenagers here. One thing you learn in life is that your work and efforts contribute to good outcomes or rewards. For example, if you do your homework and study hard, you will likely do well in school. If you practice and train in a sport, you will excel in the competition. If you do your household chores and respect your parents, they will give you more privileges.
You see, we have this idea ingrained in us that to get a reward, we need to put in some sort of effort. And that is true for almost everything in life. Except it is not true for the most important thing in life - faith in Jesus.
Faith is not something you do to get a reward. That is what we learn here. Faith is not work. We don’t have to do anything. We don’t have to look to find faith. This is what verses 6 to 8 teach.
We don’t have to ascend to heaven to find Jesus. We don’t have to search the depths of the earth or cross the sea to find him and know him. Those verses, by the way, quote Deuteronomy 30, which we read earlier in the service.
There are no special hoops to jump through. We don’t need to meditate or do special religious practices to have faith in Jesus.
No, on the contrary, Jesus is near– the word of God is near. That is what it says in verse 8, which again is a quote from Deuteronomy 30. Faith is simple. And, in fact, it has always been that way.
That is why he quotes from Deuteronomy. Faith it is believing in your heart and confessing with your mouth. It’s that simple - believing and confessing.
Believing and confessing – those are two words used multiple times in verses 9-13. The word “believe” is used three times. The word “confess” is used twice. But a synonym to confessing, which is the phrase “to call on him” is used twice more. So, faith is simple – it’s believing in and confessing Jesus.
It’s right there in verse 9, “if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.” That is a very clear and simple statement of faith.
And to be sure, confessing something is not just saying it. Rather you are declaring that you wholeheartedly embrace what you are saying. And, as it says here, it’s confessing that Jesus is Lord. That word Lord is referring to Jesus divine nature. So, part of it is that you are affirming that Jesus is God. But you are also declaring that Jesus is your Lord. He’s Lord of your life.
I’ve always been intrigued by something the apostle James wrote. In James chapter 2, he talks about true faith. And he writes this: “You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe [that]—and shudder!” It’s very penetrating. He’s saying that the demons know who Jesus is. In fact, in the Gospel accounts, it’s the demons who first recognize Jesus as the eternal God. But what does that get them? Nothing. Why? Because they cannot confess that Jesus is their Lord. You, see they can recognize who he is as God the Son, but they cannot confess him.
Saving faith is simple – it’s believing in and confessing that Jesus is God and that he is your Lord. And a key part of that is believing in the resurrection. That’s the last half of verse 9. Belief in the resurrection is a key belief for true saving faith. Let me give you three reasons.
· First, when you believe in Jesus’ resurrection, you also believe that he died. Someone can’t be resurrected without first being dead.
· Second, believing in the resurrection, means believing that Jesus conquered death and sin and the devil. Without the resurrection, he would not have been victorious over those enemies of the faith.
· And third, believing in the resurrection, is believing in the hope for heaven. Our future resurrection comes through Jesus’ resurrection.
This is why believing in the resurrection is so important as a key part of having faith.
Alright, let me summarize so far. Faith is simple. It’s confessing Jesus as Lord - your Lord – and believing in what he’s done for you. Saving faith is not a generic faith like how the word “faith” is sometimes used today. Faith is not being generically religious or trusting in whatever. Rather, faith is confessing and believing in Jesus, who is the focus of our faith. So, we acknowledge the truth of who Jesus is and what he has accomplished in his death and resurrection. And we personally trust in its sufficiency to make us righteous in him.
And in verses 11 to 13, Paul goes back to the same point he’s made multiple times now. It’s the same thing for the Jews and Gentiles. It’s the same faith – he makes that really clear in verse 12. “there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all.” And you know what? It has always been that way. Those two quotes in verses 11 and 13 are from the prophet Isaiah and Joel. The emphasis is on “everyone.” “Everyone who believes in him…” and “everyone who calls on him… will be saved.” Faith in Christ is offered to all - Jew and Gentile, alike.
Now, Paul has more to say about faith in Christ for both groups of people. Next week, we’ll be talking about the remnant of Israel, “chosen by grace,” as he puts is. And the week after next, we will be talking about how believing Gentiles have been grafted into Christ. So, stay tuned for those.
But before we get there, Paul turns to an important question. If having faith in Christ is the only means through which people receive his righteousness, how do people know about this faith? He’s talking about both unbelieving Jews and unbelieving Gentiles.
And he answers that with a series of questions. Look at the first two questions there in verse 14. “How then will they call on him in whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in him of whom they have never heard?”
By the way, do you hear the two aspects of saving faith in those? Confessing and believing in Christ. How are they to call ON HIM…? How are they to believe IN HIM…? The rhetorical answer is built into the question.… they need to hear about Jesus.
The next two questions are the next two logical questions. “…how are they to hear without someone preaching? 15 And how are they to preach unless they are sent?”
Do you see how Paul asks the four questions in the reverse order to show how it needs to happen? He’s making the logical point.
Faith is confessing and believing in Christ. But in order for them to confess and believe in Christ, they need to hear about him. Well, in order for them to hear about him, someone needs to tell them. And, in order for someone to tell them, people need to be sent.
Being sent leads to proclaiming the Gospel which leads to people hearing, which leads to some believing.
I googled population estimates in the first century. There were a lot of educated guesses. Back in Paul’s day, in the middle of the first century, there were roughly 150-350 million people in the world. I know that is a wide range, but it still gives us an order of magnitude.
At that time, Christianity was growing rapidly, but it was still miniscule compared to the world’s population. It’s very hard to know how many Christians there were back then. But think about this…
· When the Holy Spirit was given after Jesus’ resurrection, 3000 believed. Some were residents near Jerusalem, other dispersed to other regions across the Mediterranean.
· The book of Acts documents the Gospel going to Africa through the Ethiopian Eunuch. Apollos was from Africa and he had heard.
· Peter brought the Gospel to the coastline along the eastern Mediterranean.
· Of course, Paul went to Asia Minor, and Greece.
· We don’t have Scriptural record of the other apostles, but tradition has Thomas going to east Asia; Matthew going to northern Africa and Simon to Persia.
When the book of Romans was written, it had only been about 25 years since Jesus’ death and resurrection. That’s it. But the Gospel had been going forth. Yet even with all those encouraging ways the Word was going out, Christianity was still small. It was growing exponentially percentage wise, but there were still likely only tens of thousands of Christians at the time. Again, that’s small compared to the hundreds of millions in the world.
A vast majority of those hundreds of millions were not Jewish – they were Gentiles. But there were also Jewish people who had been scattered all over going back centuries earlier. When Assyria and Babylon overthrew Israel and Judah, respectively, the Jews were dispersed. Jewish documents and DNA evidence seem to indicate that the exiles travelled deep into Africa and far into east Asia. My point is that many many Jews and Gentiles all over the world needed to hear about faith in Christ.
In verse 15, Paul quotes from Isaiah, chapter 52. “how beautiful are the feet of them who bring the good news!” Isaiah 52 is a great chapter. In it, God foretells that the good news would go forth. In that same chapter, he assures them that “the Lord will go before you and the God of Israel will be your rear guard.” Those who heed the call, would not and will not be alone.
Let’s go back to what was happening in Rome. When the church in Rome received this letter in the middle of the first century, they were just beginning to experience persecution. That persecution would continue for another couple of hundred years…. In fact, between 250 AD and 300 AD, it escalated. Christians were being tortured, persecuted in various ways, and many executed.
But something else happened over that same period. Christianity exploded in growth. Historian Rodney Stark estimates that the number of Christians in the City of Rome went from 78,000 in the year 250 to 298,000 in the year 300. A 350% growth in 50 years. He estimates that 66% of the population of Rome confessed and believed in Christ in the year 300.
The persecution only accelerated the good news going forth. And remember, this letter was written to the church in Rome. Many were heeding the Romans 10 call to be sent. They were preaching the good news, people were hearing, and many believed by faith, confessing Jesus as Lord.
Today, the world’s population is about 8 Billion people. The Joshua Project, which tracks unreached people groups, estimates that out of the 17,300 people groups in the world, 7,280 are unreached. They consider a people groups as unreached if less than 2% of the population are Bible believing Christians. By their estimates, 3.43 Billion people live in unreached people groups.
What I am saying is that the call for the church to be sent very much applies to us today.
To be sure, the call to proclaim the good news of Jesus applies to all of us. There are many in our city who have yet to hear and our responsibility is to bring the good news to them.
But let me point out… the word “sent” in verse 15 comes from the Greek work apostello – which means be sent forth. Apostello is also the same root for the word apostle. The ones sent out. So these verses particularly focus on going forth in the work of Gospel missions. It’s bringing the good news to people and people groups that have never heard – Jews and Gentiles. “How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good news.”
As many of you know, I’ll be headed out on a sabbatical in the middle of next month. One thing that Amy and I will be doing is visiting some of the missionaries that we support as a church. We’re excited to see the work to which God has sent each of them. And as you also know, in the next couple of months we’ll be sending out Jonathan and Beka (and Andrew and Josiah) to the Middle East. They are going forth to support the work of bring the good news to a people who desperately needs the hope of Christ.
And why do we do this? Why do we support missionaries and send people out? Well, Paul concludes and really summarizes with these words. “Faith comes from hearing and hearing through the word of Christ.” We send and support… so that the word of Christ is preached, so that people can hear the word of Christ, and confess and believe in him by faith.
Let me bring this all together. Righteousness has always come through faith in Christ. For God’s people in the Old Testament, it was faith looking forward to the promised Messiah and the salvation he would bring. For the people in the New Testament and beyond, it’s faith in what Christ has done, bearing our sin on the cross and being raised from grave. All people are called to believe by faith, Jews and Gentiles.
And that message of faith needs to go forth so that people can hear about, believe in, and confess Jesus as Lord.
In closing, let me ask, do you feel the call to be sent? That could mean many things. It could mean dedicating your life to bring the Gospel to the people and people groups here in the Atlanta area who need to hear about faith in Christ. But that could also mean going forth to the ends of the earth to proclaim the good news… or support the work of proclaiming the good news.
If you feel any sense of that, talk to me. Talk to one of our mission team members. We’ll explore together what that sense of call may mean. And one thing that will be for sure – you will have a church family fully supportive of that call to be sent, fully supportive in prayer, fully supportive in partnering in the great call to go. “Blessed are the feet of those who preach the good news.” Amen
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Please turn in your Bibles to Romans chapter 9. We will be focusing on verses 9-23 this morning. You can find that on page 1123.
This summer, we are working through Romans 9-11.
Last week, we started with the opening few verses of chapter 9. In it, the apostle Paul revealed his heart. Every fiber of his being desired to see his fellow Jews who do not be in Christ, come to know Jesus as the Messiah. He was willing to be accursed if God would open their hearts to know the promised Savior. We should have that same heart and desire.
Paul also answered an important question. Since the vast majority of Israelites did not believe in Jesus, does that mean that God’s Word and promises failed? The answer is no. Paul revealed that there has always been a distinction between the natural descendants of Abraham and the descendants of the promise.
God’s Word has therefore not failed.
Ok, that brings us to these verses. He continues the argument and works through some important matters.
For a little context, I’ll start reading from verse 8.
Reading of Romans 9:9-23
Prayer
Is God sovereign or does man have free will? The answer is yes and yes. Sometimes we set those two statements in opposition. But the Scriptures teach both. Is God sovereign? Yes. Can we act according to our will? Yes. God has created us with the ability to think and reason. We are responsible for our actions. God has given all mankind common grace, as we call it, by which people can choose to do honorable and kind and generous things, or not. However, in our fallen state, that is, since Adam and Eve sinned in the garden of Eden, there is one thing that no one can do.
Noone is able, in his or her own will, to choose God and salvation. No, rather, the Bible is clear that we are dead in our sins. Spiritually dead. Only God can turn our hearts of stone into hearts of flesh. Only the Holy Spirit can awakens us. Only he can give us a new heart to see our sin and to grieve it. It is at that point that we are then able to turn to God in Christ and pursue holiness and righteousness in him through his Spirit.
Are you following me on the distinction? So yes, God is Sovereign. Yes, man is responsible. And yes, we have free will. But our free will is limited by our nature. In our fallen nature, we are spiritually dead and cannot pursue God. In our redeemed nature, we are alive in Christ and able to pursue him and the things of God.
I bring that up because in the middle of Romans 9 (these verses), Paul is speaking about salvation. Specifically, he is speaking about election. It’s about those to whom God has determined to give his grace.
In context, the apostle Paul is answering the question, why did God choose to give some Israelites his mercy and believe in Jesus and others he did not? Of course, the question applies to all people. He’ll make that clear in the next section.
And let me say this. This chapter is a beautiful chapter, but it is also a hard chapter.
It’s beautiful because it is about God and his mercy. And it’s hard because it is about God and his mercy – specifically that he chooses who will receive his mercy.
There are two things that I hope and pray that you will leave here with today.
· First, a renewed sense of who God is - an understanding of who God is as your creator.
· Second, I hope and pray that you will see the mercy of God in these verses. Yes, these verses speak of God hardening people’s hearts, but the emphasis is God’s mercy.
With that in mind, let’s begin by considering the historical examples.
Last week, we touched upon Abraham and Sarah. Remember from last week, God declared that his covenant promises would be fulfilled through Isaac’s descendants and not Ishmael’s. Isaac was Abraham and Sarah’s son born to Sarah in her old age. Ishmael was born to Sarah’s servant, Hagar. Remember, Abraham and Sarah didn’t think that Sarah could conceive a child, so they came up with their own plan. But that was not God’s plan.
Paul’s point in bringing up Isaac was to differentiate between the natural descendants and the descendants of the promise. God ordained a subset of Israel, a remnant, to be his true people – spiritual Israel.
Now, someone *could* argue that God did not choose Ishmael because of external reasons – after all, Ishmael’s mother, Hagar, was not Abraham’s wife. In fact, Ishmael was born due to Abraham and Sarah’s lack of faith. So, someone could argue that for those reasons, God instead chose Isaac.
However, that is not what Paul is saying. He wants us to be absolutely sure that we get it – God is the one who chooses. And so, he gives a second example in verses 10 through 13 - Jacob and Esau.
Jacob and Esau are both the sons of Isaac. We are just one generation down from Abraham. Isaac marries Rachel and they have two sons. Not only that, but they are twins. Esau was born first and Jacob second.
Some of you know this, but I have a twin sister. In fact, I was born first. And, of course, I would remind my sister about that. “I’m older than you.” Sometimes she would tell people that she was born first. And you know what… they would believe her and not me! That always bothered me – but I think I’m over it.
Back to Esau and Jacob. Before Rachel’s twins were born, God told her that the younger would serve the older. Before they were born, God determined to choose Jacob.
Paul brings that up because God’s choice of Jacob was not based on anything external. It was not based on anything that Jacob did or did not do. It was not based on anything that his parents did or did not do. It was not based on birth order. That is the point of verse 11. “though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad—in order that God’s purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls— she was told, ‘The older will serve the younger.’”
That would have been especially surprising in that culture.
God chose Jacob because that is who he chose. Some of you will remember what happened between Jacob and Esau. Esau was born first – he was a great hunter. Isaac, their father, favored Esau over Jacob. Isaac loved the wild game that Esau would hunt and kill. Rachel, on the other hand, favored Jacob.
And one day, Esau came home from hunting, and he was starving! Esau was so hungry that he was desperate. So, Jacob took advantage of that. He offered food to Esau if Esau, in exchange, would give Jacob his rights as firstborn. And Esau did it. He gave away the privileges and inheritance of being the firstborn son. And not only that but when they were older, Jacob tricked his father Isaac into giving him the blessing. He pretended to be Esau. And Isaac, who could hardly see at the time, gave Jacob the family blessing.
That whole account reinforces Paul’s point. God chose Jacob even despite his status as second born and despite his deception.
Which bring us to the difficult and weighty statement in verse 13. “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” It’s a quote from the prophet Malachi who is speaking about God’s love for Jacob and his descendants, and his judgment on Esau and his descendant, the Edomites. “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”
It’s hard to hear because it comes across as unjust. Doesn’t it? From our perspective, God arbitrarily chose Jacob and not Esau.
Is that fair? and that is why in verse 14, Paul poses that very question “Is there injustice on God’s part?”
And look at his answer. “By no means!” In the book of Romans, this is the eighth out of ten times that Paul answers his own question with that exact phrase. “By no means!” Emphatically no. God is not unjust to choose some for life and mercy.
And in the rest of our verses today, the apostle gives reasons.
Before we look at them, I want to share some personal things.
I’ve had a few transformational moments in my life. You know, times when God did something in me and either the trajectory of my thinking or my life path changed in some way.
We all have them. For many of you, the biggest transformational moment was when you professed faith in Christ as your Lord and Savior. For me, I grew up in a Christian home and I don’t remember exactly when that happened - which, by the way, is a great testimony to God’s faithfulness.
However, I’ve had other transformational moments. One was in high school when I really owned my faith. Another was during a summer in College - I was hiking the Inca trail in South America and God saved my life – literally. That’s a whole other story.
Another moment happened in my early 20s – I think I was 22. I was reading through the Bible. I had all these questions swirling in my mind about God and about our will as humans... you know, questions about God’s purposes and plans and about predestination… and questions about man’s free will and choice.
One evening, I was reading these very verses in Romans 9, and it all hit me like a ton of bricks. I remember feeling the profound weight of this chapter. It was a very emotional moment. There were two things that were impressed upon my heart and mind. First, God’s sovereignty in salvation. And second, his underserved mercy and grace in my life. It was overwhelming.
Every time I read these words, I go back in my mind to that time in my life. I can’t always recapture the feelings, but I’m reminded of God’s mercy.
God’s mercy is the overwhelming emphasis in verses 15-23. Yes, God’s judgment is present in these verses. We’ll get there in a minute. But first, look with me at how many times God speaks through Paul about his graciousness in these verses.
It’s where he begins in verse 15. God said to Moses “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” Mercy, mercy, compassion, compassion. Verse 16 emphasizes God’s mercy, “it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy”
Verse 18, “mercy” is highlighted again, and in verse 23, he speaks of “vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory.”
Five times God’s mercy is emphasized, twice more he uses the word compassion.
Something really important to understand is this: We do not begin in some neutral state in relationship to God. No. One of the foundational principals taught in Romans, and the entire Bible, is that we were dead in our sins and trespasses. Romans 3:23 “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.”
All were or are spiritually dead, but God in his mercy chose some to know him and to believe. That is why God’s mercy is God’s mercy. He shows compassion and mercy on those whom he brought from death to new life. It’s God’s mercy because there’s nothing that we bring to the table.
That is why God’s sovereign choice is not unjust. The just thing for God to do would be to leave us all in our state of sin and rebellion and his just judgment. No one deserves God’s mercy, but yet he is merciful.
What I am saying is that to understand these verses, requires us first to understand the nature of God’s mercy and compassion. God’s mercy is undeserved. Yet, God has given it to those whom he has chosen.
So, the primary answer to the question of whether God is unjust is no, rather, he is merciful.
Now, there’s more here. These verses also speak about God himself and why some receive mercy and others do not.
Those things are related and the answer centers on God. God is described here as the potter. He is our creator. The creator of all things. He is the only one who deserves glory. He is the only one who deserves his name and might to be proclaimed. Therefore, God will do whatever he wants to do, if it will bring more honor and glory to his name.
In other words, God’s very purpose is that he himself would receive more glory.
That may sounds very self-serving to our ears. And the reason is, it is self-serving. But think about it this way: God is infinite and eternal. He is perfectly and eternally just and holy and powerful. He is the only one worthy of ultimate glory.
In other words, because of his very nature, it is right for God to seek his own glory. And part of seeking his own glory includes choosing who will receive mercy and who he will harden.
Now, that may not make sense, initially, but Paul illustrates it for us. He reminds the church about Pharaoh, the king of Egypt… this goes back in the time of Moses.
I wont go through the whole history, but here’s the short story: Jacob’s 12 sons and their families ended up in Egypt. God used Jacob’s second youngest son, Joseph, to save them from a famine by bringing them to Egypt. Over 400 plus years, the grew great in number. But because of their great number, Pharoah became worried. And so he enslaved the Israelites. He put heavy burdens on them. He appointed unrelenting taskmasters.
That was when God raised up Moses. He was an Israelite, but ironically he was brought up by Pharoah’s daughter in Pharoah’s own palace. And when Moses was older, God called him to confront Pharoah. Moses commanded Pharoah to let God’s people go. But something happened. God hardened Pharoah’s heart. That is what Romans 9 verse 17 is talking about.
And why did God harden Pharoah’s heart? It was so that God could display his glory.
God did just that. He sent ten plagues. He turned the Nile River into blood and sent hail. And then darkness, and locusts, and sores and others things. Plague after plague that displayed God’s power. And after every plague, Moses called on Pharoah to let God’s people go. But every time either Pharoah hardened his own heart or God hardened Pharoah’s heart. Those descriptions went back and forth. It demonstrated that Pharoah was also responsible for rejecting God.
Pharoah continued to refuse to let the Israelites go. That is until the final plague. The Passover. The first born in every Egyptian family died but the Lord passed over the Israelite homes if they put the blood of a lamb over their doorpost.
And so, Pharoah relented and he let Moses and the people go. But again, God hardened Pharoah’s heart. He and the Egyptian army decided to pursued the Israelites. God’s purpose, again, was to display his glory through the pillar of fire and cloud, and the parting of the Red Sea, and the destruction of the Egyptian army.
Through it all, God displayed his power and glory.
Listen again to verse 17, “For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, ‘For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.’”
God in his sovereign will and for his purposes hardened Pharoah’s heart, so that his glory would be made known in all the earth. It’s a clear example of how God works out his sovereign purposes in election for his glory. God is the one in control of all things and all things work out for his glory.
Paul closes out his argument in verses 22 and 23 with this question: “What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, in order to make known the riches of his glory for vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory”
He begins there wth the phrase “what if God” but it’s not really a question. Rather, Paul is saying “have you considered this? …what if God’s purpose in election is not only to display his power, but what if God also desires those who receive mercy to know the amazing riches of his grace through the contrast of his judgment on others?” What if this is so? Well, it is so. It is just a sensitive way of responding to the honest questions in the earlier verses.
He is saying that our understanding of God’s mercy is enriched when we recognize the just wrath that we deserved in contrast to the riches of grace that we receive.
When we recognize the utter depth of his mercy, God is more glorified. He is more glorified in election because, first, his power is displayed… and, second, his mercy is made clearer to those who have received it.
Here’s the summary.
First, God is God. He is the one in whom and for whom all things exist. He is the potter. We are the clay. He is the one whose purposes come to pass. He is the one who turns hearts of stone to hearts of flesh. He is the one who calls us out of darkness. He is sovereign over all things including and especially salvation, and it is all for his glory.
Second, no one deserves God’s mercy. All of us fall short of the glory of God. We are all at fault and all deserve his wrath. But God…. But God in his mercy has ordained some to everlasting life. And in doing so, his mercy and power and glory are displayed. And those who have received his mercy, give him more glory. We recognize that there is nothing in us that saves us. It’s only God’s mercy.
And that mercy comes through Jesus Christ alone. You know, one thing about these verses is how they highlight both the mercy and wrath of God. And, God’s mercy and wrath are fully displayed and achieved in the cross of Christ. The way that God gives his mercy to those whom he has called, is by pouring out his wrath on Jesus instead of them. To use the words of Romans 9, Jesus became the vessel of wrath in your place, so that you may become a vessel of mercy. That is how we receive his undeserved mercy.
And part of that mercy is a future glory with him. Did you notice that at the end of verse 23? It says – “vessels of mercy, which God prepared beforehand for glory.” The mercy of God comes not only through Jesus enduring God’s wrath, but it also comes through his resurrection. The eternal glory that we will share with him forever, was achieved when he rose from the grave. Mercy upon mercy. Compassion upon compassion. It was and is all God’s mercy and grace.
In closing, if you are asking yourself, am I among God’s elect? Am I a vessel of mercy? There’s one simple test. Has God opened your heart to see your sin, to see God’s undeserved grace in Christ, and have you received his mercy in Christ? If your, that is your great assurance.
If you have not seen that yet…. is God working in you now? Are you feeling the weight of your sin and your need for his mercy? If so, there’s one simple step – turn to the one who offers his grace and who will give you God’s mercy. Turn to Jesus. And when you do, you will know that you are his.
May God make known to all of us the riches of his grace, as people who have received his undeserved mercy. Amen
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