Episodes
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In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Antonio CĂ©sar GonzĂĄlez-Garcia, the President of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC) since 2017, a renowned Astrophysicist and Archaeoastronomer whose groundbreaking research bridges the cosmos and culture. With a PhD in Astrophysics from Groningen and extensive fieldwork across Europe, the Near East, and Anatolia, Dr. GonzĂĄlez-Garcia has dedicated his career to uncovering the celestial connections behind ancient structures.
Together, we delve into the archaeoastronomy of Jordan's oldest astronomical architecture, unraveling its influence on the monumental landscapes that culminated in the creation of the iconic Petra Treasury. Exploring both functional and sacred orientations to examining the interplay between religion and architectural planning, this conversation sheds light on the cosmic significance encoded in some of humanity's most awe-inspiring archaeological sites.
About History Fuzz
History Fuzz is a realm of contemplative inquiry wherein leading research scientists explore the motivations, tools, and skills of the ancient skywatchers, surveyors, architects, and builders who created awe-inspiring structures in monumental landscapes, enshrining their diverse cosmic chronicles in stone.
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Professor Steve Gullberg is a master of Andean archaeoastronomy, and in this episode he reveals how Inca structures align with the cosmos to mark celestial events. Discover Inca astronomy, architecture and cosmovision, at the intersection of time and space, in this illuminating episode of History Fuzz.
Contact Steven Gullberg: [email protected]
Buy Ashley's new book "Ropes and Ruins" here: https://amzn.to/4dGAWXY
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Episodes manquant?
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Professor Radoslaw Palonka from Jagiellonian University discusses his innovative archaeoastronomy research at Crow Canyon. This ancient monumental landscape in southwestern Colorado reveals how Ancestral Puebloans integrated celestial observations into their rituals, offering deep insights into their societal and ritualistic complexities.
Visit Crow Canyon's official website: https://crowcanyon.org/
Buy Ashley's new book "Ropes and Ruins" here: https://amzn.to/4dGAWXY
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Professor Marc Frincu is an authority in distributed systems, big data, smart grids, astronomy, and archaeoastronomy. Marc is also the secretary of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture and vice-president of the Romanian Society of Cultural Astronomy.
In this episode Marc guides us deep into the Armenian Highlands and relives his extraordinary discoveries of Bronze Age astronomical devices. He discusses the functionality of mysterious spiral and cup-shaped petroglyphs, and delineates crumbling stone structures with starburst alignments to surrounding burial sites and mountaintops.
We also dive into Yazidi cosmology, and Mark outlines a north to south Bronze Age meridian line defined by a cone of stones framing the circumpolar stars. And seeking meaning, we discuss ancient perception of the north sky and how it was perhaps associated with notions of mortality, and infinity.
Read Professor Marc Frincuâs academic papers: https://bitly.cx/OFOiM
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18th-century Freemasons believed medieval church architects in England oriented their buildings with the azimuth of sunrise on the day of the patronal saint. However, having spent over ten years exploring the English countryside with a compass Ian Hinton surveyed the alignments of over 2000 rural churches and his work thoroughly debunks this romantic masonic notion.
In this episode Ian discusses the hidden complexities of church building, revealing a suite of masonic secrets and myths. And after explaining why leylines are âutter nonsense,â Ian reveals how his database of alignments suggests changing weather and climate patterns were key factors in the orientation of English churches.
Read Ian Hintonâs academic paper: website: https://bitly.cx/FRbY
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Professor Timothy Pauketat, Director of the Illinois State Archaeological Survey, is a leading authority on Mesoamerican-Southwestern connections, and in this conversation he reveals the secrets of Cahokia, the major precolonial ceremonial centre located near St. Louis, Missouri, in the Midwestern region of the United States.
Journeying into indigenous American cultures' astronomy and sacred geography, Timothy presents an astronomically aligned landscape reflecting the Milky Way and key stages of the lunar cycle. And he also discusses the possible functions of the enigmatic Birdman tablet, the controversial Chaco Meridian, and the role of frog sounds in ancient rituals and climatology.
Professor Timothy Pauketat website: https://anthro.illinois.edu/directory/profile/pauketat
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With a background in philosophy, archaeology, and education Dr. Philip Tonner has taught at a number of Universities and secondary schools across the UK, and he is currently a Lecturer at the University of Glasgowâs School of Education.
Regarding his recent book - Dwelling: Heidegger, Archaeology, Mortality, one reviewer wrote âThere really isnât any directly comparable book â it is unique,â and in many ways so too is the following conversation.
In this episode we discuss the Phenomenology of archaeology in the context of palaeolithic and Neolithic cultures. Philip shares Heideggerâs work on âDwelling,â a lifestyle in which agents were consumed by the practical needs of day to day living, where the modern thresholds between mind and body, or thought and action, were nonexistent.
This discussion presents an enthralling liminal voyage into ancient mind and cognition through the perspectives of Heidegger, and the interpretations and expansions of Dr. Philip Tonner.
Philip Tonner website: https://philiptonner.com/
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Dr. Richard Friedman is an expert in Geographic Information Systems [GIS] who integrates aerial technologies with remote sensing and ground surveying at archaeological sites.
In this episode we return to the Chaco Canyon in the US southwest where Richard outlines the astronomical, geographical and cosmological aspects of this vast assembly of tracks, roads, ways, sacred structures and underlying alignments.
Richard explains that the monumental landscape not only reflects aspects of the night sky, and the cycles of the Sun and moon, but it also served as a complex map of the perceived underworld.
Developing on our study into the controversial Chaco Meridian, which was delineated by Professor Stephen Lekson in Episode 02, Richard describes a series of T-shaped stone doorways, or thresholds, at Casas Grandes which might serve as architectural evidence for the arrival of a band of elite Chacoans migrating southwards from Aztec Ruins in Chaco Canyon.
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Claus Clausen has a background in Astrophysics and he works as an independent researcher associated with the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Having mapped the alignments of funnel beaker culture passage graves across Western Europe, in this episode Claus describes a matrix of sites with lunar orientations and he shares his theory about a megalithic lunar seasonal pointer.
And introducing a perplexing historical anomaly Claus details vast triangular assemblies of burial sites within monumentalized prehistoric landscapes.
Claus Clausen research paper: https://www.academia.edu/63905881/The_Orientation_of_Danish_Passage_Graves?ri_id=90221
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Dr. Gail Higginbottom is a landscape archaeologist, cultural heritage manager, and theorist specializing in Europe's ancient and prehistoric cultures. Utilizing digital archaeology including drones, photogrammetry, geographical information systems and 3D software, Gail recreates night skies and interprets them against past landscapes.
In this episode we discuss archaeoastronomy and cultural astronomy in Neolithic and Bronze Age Scotland. Gail describes the unified roles of community skywatchers and emerging priestly classes, explaining how cosmic order folded into oneness, contrasting with the modern tendency for creating dualities.
Dr. Gail Higginbottom's bio: https://csic.academia.edu/GailHigginbottom/CurriculumVitae
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Having authored over two dozen books on ancient astronomy Professor Anthony F. Aveni is considered one of the founders of Mesoamerican and South American archaeoastronomy.
Anthony is the Russell Colgate Distinguished University Professor of Astronomy, Anthropology, and Native American Studies, Emeritus, serving appointments in both Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Sociology and Anthropology at Colgate University.
Listed in Rolling Stone magazine's 10 best university professors in the U.S. Aveni has lectured in more than 300 universities around the world and has featured on countless television documentaries.
In this episode we advance our exploration of engineered Inca landscapes as Anthony shares his understanding of the functionality of the ceque system of shrines and alignments radiating from Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca empire.
Professor Anthony F. Aveniâs website: https://www.anthonyfaveni.com/
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Professor Helen Benigni and Barbara Carter co-authored the best-selling book âThe Myth of the Year, Returning to the Origin of the Druid Calendarâ. Exploring where Celtic and Greek astronomy influenced mythology the authors presented academically rigorous interpretations of the Coligny calendar discovered in France, and the sacred Eleusian calendar of ancient Greece.
Exploring where the night sky meets ancient mythology in this far-reaching episode youâll learn how lunar and venetian astronomy inspired ancient builders to monumentalize key stages in the cycles of the moon and Venus. And after delineating the archaeoastronomy of Celtic and Roman temple architecture the researchers outline some of the esoteric aspects of Bronze Age calendrical rituals associated with the moon and Venus.
Illuminating ancestral knowledge through the study of constellations, and presenting supporting artifacts from Ice Age Europe, Helen and Barbara systematically unveil the origins of seasonal myths, revealing the deities of a lesser-known Palaeolithic pantheon.
---Professor Helen Benigni Professional Bio. https://www.dewv.edu/staff/helen-benigni/---
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Having served almost three decades as an archaeologist, explorer, and instructor Dr. Edwin Barnhart, referred to herein as Ed, is Director of the Maya Exploration Center and host of the ArchaeoEd podcast.
As a distinguished Fellow of the Explorers Club Ed has published numerous papers and heâs featured in over a dozen documentaries about the astronomy and architecture of ancient civilizations.
Edâs aerial fieldwork in Northwestern Belize led to the discovery of the ancient city of Ma'ax Na, which is recognised as a significant achievement in Classic Maya Period research.
He also directed the Palenque Mapping Project, a groundbreaking three-year initiative documenting over 1100 hitherto unknown maya structures in Palenque. In this episode Ed explains that many of the associations presented between Maya temple architecture and the cycles of Venus are figments of researchers' imaginations, and he replaces modern-myths with facets of Maya cosmology and lunar astronomy.
We also discuss Maya, Muisca and Khmer reverence for the sun at its zenith, and how certain latitudes were made sacred and embroiled in cylindrical rites and rituals. Enjoy this cosmic meandering with one of North Americaâs most riveting and dynamic archaeological storytellers,Dr. Edwin Barnhart.
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Dr. Edwin Barnhart: https://mayaexploration.com/staff_barnhart.php
ArchaeoEd Podcast: https://archaeoed.com/
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Brian S. Bauer is a Full Professor in the Department of Anthropology in the University of Illinois at Chicago, who applies archaeological and ethno-historical theory and method in his investigations of prehistoric indigenous territories in South America.
In this episode Brian recalls his field surveys and excavations in Peru detailing a highly-revered solstice alignment that was framed by two pillars at the Island of the Sun on Lake Titicaca, and he deconstructs Cuzcoâs controversial ceque network of shrines and alignments, which he explored and charted based on fragmented Spanish accounts.
This episode is best enjoyed directly after episode 03 featuring Professor Charlers Stanish, as it expands our investigation inro Inca astronomy, architecture, and creation mythology, through the highly-experienced perspectives of Professor Brian Bauer.
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Professor Brian Bauer Professional Bio
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Dr. Robert Weiner is an Archaeologist in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Specializing in religion, cognition, and mind, Robert is renowned for his interpretations of ancient Chacoan roads in the US Southwest, which he studies in collaboration with the Navajo Nation.
In episode 02 Professor Steven Lekson outlined this seemingly endless matrix of criss-crossing roads and astronomical alignments, and herein, Robert Weiner takes us deeper into this monumental landscape discussing indigenous mythology, cosmology, spirituality and oral traditions.
We further examine the Chaco Meridian which was outlined by Professor Steve Lekson, revealing that Aztec Ruin, the last bastion of the Anasazi of Chaco Canyon, was built precisely south of Mount Wilson. Was this the alignment that was extended south to Casas Grandes in northern Mexico?
This discussion exists beyond and beneath the constraints of modern philosophy and cosmology, as Dr. Robert Weiner presents the engineered landscapes of New Mexico through holistic and animistic perspectives.
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Dr. Robert Weiner Profession Profile: https://www.colorado.edu/anthropology/rob-weiner
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Having converted the tables of the sun, moon and planets presented in "Astronomical Algorithms," into computer code, Dr. Robert Barratt is a research scientist at the Queen's University in Belfast who designed and built his own software which he uses to produce 3d simulations of neolithic structures.
In this episode Robert shares his struggles against compounding variables, and he highlights the importance of matching archaeoastronomical assumptions with material culture.
And presenting his methods for utilizing statistics, random numbers and comparative models to test intentionality within astronomical alignments, Robert demonstrates how he married big data sets with field experimentation to reveal alignment data in the Neolithic temples of Malta and in the timber circles of Ireland.
Prepare to journey into the mathematics of archaeoastronomy, learning how computer coding is being applied to separate intentionality from chance, with Dr. Robert Barratt.
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Dr. Robert Barratt Research Papers: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Robert-Barratt-2182386617
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With 25 years of experience excavating and interpreting Scotlandâs Neolithic and early Bronze Age monumental landscapes, Dr. Kenneth Brophy is a senior lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Glasgow.
Kenny and I first met way back in 2002 when he was a young archaeology student excavating standing stones in my homeland of CaIthness, on the north east coast of Scotland, where I was field walking, searching for flint arrow heads with one of his colleagues.
In this episode Kenny discusses his fresh academic approach to the controversial 1970s maps of Harry Bell, the renowned Glaswegian lay-hunter who in the footsteps of Alfred Watkins proposed a network of geodetic alignments connecting prehistoric sites encompassing Glasgow and central Scotland.
We also discuss a significant lunar latitude spanning northern Scotland from which every 18.6 years, at the lunar minima, the moon fuses with landscape offering witnesses an awe inspiring cosmo-mythological spectacle.
And as Scotlandâs leading authority on the long straight cursus monuments that lead to Neolithic standing stone settings, based on his findings on the western Isle of Arran, Kenny shares his ideas on their ritualistic functionality.
Stabbing at the meaning of Scotland's geometrical carved stone balls, and the motivation of early death in Neolithic architecture, this is ancient Scotland according to the case files of Dr. Kenneth Brophy.
Kenneth Brophy Professional Bio: https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/humanities/staff/kennethbrophy/
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Show Notes
Neolithic Lunar Minimum
From Learable Hill and Callanish the moon travels along the horizon every 18.6 years, at the astronomical Lunar Minimum. Learable: 58.191° N -3.886 W. Callanish: 58.197° N -6.745° W
The variable from a common latitude is â15.2 metersâ over 408.28 kilometers. The Dounray fan represents the northernmost latitude from which this phenomenon can be witnessed.
Glasgow Cathedral Ecclesiastical Equinox Line
7th c. Govan Old Church: 55.864° N, -4.313° W 12th c. Glasgow Cathedral: 55.862° N, -4.231° W15th c. Rosslyn Chapel: 55.855° N, -3.160° W. Note: these churches were built in different centuries, but the âmodern templarâ claim is that this âecclesiastic equinox lineâ was founded in Govan in the 6th century, extended to locate GLW cathedral in the 12th c, and extended again in the 15th c. with the building of Rosslyn Chapel, which is a miniature version of GLW cathedral. These three sites demonstrate a variable from common latitude of â223â meters, over 140 kilometers.
Earlâs Seat to Deilâs Wood Meridian
Deilâs Cairn: 55.754° N -4.299° WEarlâs Seat: 56.025° N, -4.296° W. The variable from the common meridian is â26â meters, over 45 kilometers.
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Charles Stanish was a Professor of Anthropology and director of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA for 20 years, before he served as Executive Director of the Institute for the Advanced Study of Culture and the Environment at the University of South Florida.
Having conducted extensive research into trade, war, and labor organization in human cooperation within prehistoric societies in Peru, Bolivia, and Chile, in this episode Charles explores the astronomical alignments and geoglyphs within Peruâs Chincha and Nazca Valleys.
We learn how emerging ruling classes conducted elaborate open-air theatrical productions within assemblies of mounds, platforms, and geoglyphs. After outlining the underlying archaeoastronomy, Charles explains how dominant classes engaged in competitive feasting, offering pilgrims a ritualized-political spectacle to garner widespread support.
Charles also discusses Cuzcoâs controversial ceque system of alignments and shrines, or huacas, demonstrating how his empirical approach to Inca alignments challenges the earlier works of structuralists.
You would be wise to abandon the precepts of western philosophy before entering this ancient world of lost alignments, as we will be following a more diverse form of mind-map based on raw Andean cosmovision, as charted by Professor Charles Stanish.
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Professor Charles Stanish Professional Bio
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In the last episode my guest referred to the Chaco Meridian, a north to south alignment in the southwestern United States marked by Ancestral Puebloan power centers. Following that thread, herein I speak with Stephen Lekson, a Professor of Anthropology and Curator of Archaeology at the Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, who currently serves as Contributing Editor for Archaeology Magazine.
Stephen has led over 20 archaeological excavations in the monumental landscapes of the southwest, and heâs written 12 books including his controversial 1999 work, âThe Chaco Meridian,â in which he proposed the existence of a deliberate north to south alignment marked by a series of Casas Grandes, or Great Houses.
The professor shares his entrapping story of a mid-13th century group of social elites living at Aztec Ruins in northwestern New Mexico, who extended their ancestral alignment over 600 kilometers southwards, where they founded Casas Grandes, or Paquimé in northern Mexico. And while some archaeologists contest this long-distance meridional alignment, in this discussion Stephen doubles down suggesting it was perhaps extended 700 kilometers south of Paquimé, terminating at an indigenous settlement to the east of Culiacån in northwestern Mexico.
Itâs time to unearth celestial-cosmology, and to hunt for astro-cartography in the high desert of northwestern New Mexico, with Professor Stephen Lekson.
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Professor Stephen H. Lekson Professional Bio
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This cosmo-mythologically charged episode features Professor Giulio Magli, an Italian astrophysicist and archaeoastronomer serving as the Head of the Department of Mathematics at the Polytechnic University of Milan, where he teaches Italyâs first official course in archaeoastronomy.
With a background in relativistic astrophysics, for 25 years Giulio has applied the principles of mathematics to the orientations and alignments of ancient architecture and monumental landscapes, revealing connections between the sky, architecture, religion, and mythology.
We begin by discussing the underlying archaeoastronomical alignments within Cambodia's Angkor Wat, the largest religious complex ever built, and Giulio explains the fine lines between intentionality and chance, sharing his distaste for numerology.
Demonstrating the "selection effect,â contravening many previous claims, Giulio explains why the Pyramids of Egypt have nothing whatsoever to do with the Orion constellation. And detailing the findings of his most recent paper, he suggests Machu Picchu was not only a royal estate but also an important pilgrimage site.
Join me in this non-linear and labyrinthine discussion with Professor Giulio Magli.
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Professor Giulio Magli Professional Bio
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