Episodes

  • Is a dream really a wish your heart makes? Or is it just that your brain is an organ that never really turns off? What do your dreams even mean??? These are just some of the perplexing questions this episode posed to us and our special return guest, Trace Dominguez!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [Definition]

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2814941/

    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-control-dreams/

    [The Scientific Definition]

    Dreambooks

    https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/vandegrift.php#:~:text=Popular%20in%20Europe%20since%20antiquity,game%20then%20sweeping%20Northeastern%20cities.

    https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092158/http://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/146/134

    https://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdf

    Incubation

    https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5j49p06s&chunk.id=d0e2624&toc.id=&brand=ucpress#:~:text=Common%20throughout%20all%20antiquity%2C%20the,some%20divinely%20inspired%20dream%20vision.

    https://www.britannica.com/topic/dream-sleep-experience/Dreams-as-a-source-of-divination#ref984709

    https://www.dreamscience.ca/en/documents/New%20content/incubation/Incubation%20overview%20for%20website%20updated.pdf

    Ominous-Vapor Watcher

    https://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdf

    https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zhouli

    [Trivia Question]

    Rapid eye movement (REM) saccade speed

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780080450469010895

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01551.x

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03008.x

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406327/

    [Fact Off]

    Approximating dreams with generative AI

    https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/heres-how-ai-could-soon-decode-your-dreams

    Lucid dreaming and the effects of video games on dreams

    https://academic.oup.com/nc/article/2017/1/nix009/3859602

    https://theconversation.com/im-a-lucid-dream-researcher-heres-how-to-train-your-brain-to-do-it-118901

    https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001

    https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F1053-0797.16.2.96

    https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001

    https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-19013-002

    https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/21/5330636/video-games-effect-on-dreams

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Neuroscience of fever dreams

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3830719/

    https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/IJoDR/article/view/28492

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6997236/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318268718077?via%3Dihub

    https://www.accjournal.org/journal/view.php?number=1528


    Patreon bonus: Recurring dream content and possible psychology

    https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-23497-001

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio-Zadra/publication/232509978_Recurrent_dreams_Their_relation_to_life_events/links/53d673f10cf220632f3da1f7/Recurrent-dreams-Their-relation-to-life-events.pdf

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810005000772?casa_token=Dofy4I_w2PsAAAAA:DdZ6qAtKJiS6OEE3Iu8pETHldBs5n1SH3lvSQl6WuCNVv9Xi8v09wuR9bWki5YROcyKWXAZ3CcN3

    https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01812/full

    https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Psychoanalyst Hans Thorner documenting a patient who dreamed of butt spiders

    https://bgsp.edu/app/uploads/2014/12/Blechner-M-Patients-dreams-and-the-countertransference.pdf

    https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429477546-12/three-defences-inner-persecution-hans-thorner

  • Now you see it, now you don't - this episode is a true trick for the senses as we uncover the hidden wonders of Camouflage! From human ingenuity (?) to animal creativity, misdirection and subterfuge abound in this episode, so keep your eyes peeled, it's not one you'll want to miss!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Disappearing Acts]

    Stripes painted on ships and planes

    Painting planes pink

    Yehudi lights on planes

    https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol19/tnm_19_171-192.pdf

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1634902/

    https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/552503/the-secret-lives-of-color-by-kassia-st-clair/

    https://books.google.com/books?id=heS0lbYrpAwC&pg=PA56&dq=yehudi+lights&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHg8TLg6KJAxX5DkQIHUDFHHcQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=yehudi%20lights&f=false

    https://books.google.com/books?id=DUkl5bH6k6EC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698902002675#:~:text=In%20the%20Purkinje%20shift%2C%20the,versus%20red%20into%20apparent%20motion.

    [Trivia Question]

    Color combinations of Bargibant's pygmy seahorses

    https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-bargibanti

    https://oceana.org/marine-life/pygmy-seahorse/

    https://owlcation.com/stem/Camouflage-in-Animals-Pygmy-Seahorses

    [Fact Off]

    Trashline orb-weaver spiders that build self-portraits for camouflage https://web.archive.org/web/20160829062900/http://blog.perunature.com:80/2012/12/new-species-of-decoy-spider-likely.html

    https://phys.org/news/2012-12-species-spider-fake-decoys.html

    https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/trashline-orbweavers

    https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-abstract/10/4/372/2252323

    Picture examples of stabilimenta: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimentum

    Tricking mice with scent camouflage by adding too much wheat smell

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe4164

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01127-3

    https://www.sciencenews.org/article/camouflaging-wheat-smell-pest-control

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Color-changing biology in invertebrates like octopuses vs. vertebrates like chameleons

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5804272/

    https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7368

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1039/c0pp00199f

    https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-color

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2936158/

    Patreon bonus: Non-visual-spectrum camouflage or other senses

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.860137

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2008.0228

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-004-0274-4

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Caterpillars, spiders, and moths that camouflage themselves as bird poop

    https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/citrus/giantswallowtail.htm

    https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/viceroy.htm

    https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28124-zoologger-a-spider-that-looks-and-smells-like-bird-droppings/

    https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/bird-dropping-spider/

    https://boingboing.net/2019/11/14/macrocilix-maia-a-moth-that-e.html

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  • From one to four to none at all, stomachs enjoy a stunning variety across all the creatures who have (or don't have) them. And with our stomachs all happily full of spooky month treats, we thought it was the perfect time to learn all about this weird, wobbly, wonderful organ.

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Stomachs ROCK]

    Bird with over 1% of their total body weight of gastroliths

    Aquatic animal helps control buoyancy by swallowing silt

    Animal eats its exoskeleton that stores calcium in stomach

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342792/#bib0037

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6549149_No_gastric_mill_in_sauropod_dinosaurs_New_evidence_from_analysis_of_gastrolith_mass_and_function_in_ostriches

    https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/2110

    https://www.jstor.org/stable/4098635

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26818557/

    [Trivia Question]

    Mammal species without stomachs

    https://www.livescience.com/41661-why-platypus-wont-regain-stomach.html

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2669

    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-the-platypus-and-a-quarter-of-fishes-lost-their-stomachs

    https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/vertebratediversity/monotremes.html

    https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Rzx7yeh7c

    [Fact Off]

    Ghost crabs use their stomach teeth (gastric mills) to growl

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161

    https://www.science.org/content/article/listen-ghost-crab-frighten-away-enemies-its-stomach-rumbles

    https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/11/ghost-crabs-use-teeth-in-stomachs-to-growl-at-predators

    Someone ate a shrew to study what human digestion does to rodent bones

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Borborygmus and the biology of stomach rumbles

    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-your-stomach-gro/

    https://www.etymonline.com/word/borborygmus

    https://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2012.57

    https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2015

    Patreon bonus: Stomach and brain communication for hunger/satiety (or other things)

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174087/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555906/

    https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2003

    https://www.livescience.com/health/food-diet/does-it-really-take-20-minutes-to-realize-youre-full

    https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693111

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Florida carpenter ants swallow their own formic acid to help protect their stomachs

    https://elifesciences.org/articles/60287

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/491275

  • There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

    Alas, our frightful fiends and friends, Spooky Month has nearly run its course - but not until we go out with a bang with our final ghoulish guest, Tom Lum! Join as we dare to tread amongst the creatures who belong to the night...nocturnal animals!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Boys’ Night Out]

    Male animals float and call out to females

    https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Pseudis_paradoxa%20-%20Paradoxical%20Frog.pdf

    Animals in ritualistic sparring matches for several hours

    https://echidnawalkabout.com.au/how-kangaroos-fight/

    Patrolling perimeter and building up poop piles

    https://www.britannica.com/animal/kiwi-bird

    https://www.livescience.com/57813-kiwi-facts.html

    [Truth or Fail Express]

    Hedgehogs inflate like a balloon

    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-68833432

    https://www.livescience.com/59994-balloon-syndrome-hedgehog.html

    Bandicoots spin to defend themselves

    https://crashbandicoot.fandom.com/wiki/Spin

    https://www2.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/land-mammals/bandicoots

    Tasmanian devils are soothed by music

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducking_the_Devil

    https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/tasmanian-devil

    https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2017/08/native-animals-should-be-renamed-with-their-aboriginal-names/

    Pygmy tarsiers / gremlins rotating their heads

    https://www.wired.com/2015/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-tarsier/

    https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/pin-factsheet-tarsier/

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Vitamin D chemistry and nocturnal animals

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538717/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761812/

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899852/

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.x

    https://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/3/1/1


    Patreon bonus: Teenage humans sleeping habits shifted towards night

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820578/

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/07420528.2023.2265480

    https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.html

    https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/134/3/642/74175/School-Start-Times-for-Adolescents

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084759/

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Bats with false butts (but some sort of muscle)

    https://www.instagram.com/batworldsanctuary/p/DAbKf45RDjW/

    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_free-tailed_bat_(8006850693).jpg

  • There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

    Our next shocking mystery friend to join us is none other than Dylan Marron! Tread the floorboards of Tangents Manor with us in pursuit of the truth behind fortune-telling and future-predicting as we examine Psychics!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Crystal Ball]

    Weather forecast predictions

    https://www.noaa.gov/stories/6-tools-our-meteorologists-use-to-forecast-weather

    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-you-trust-farmers-almanacs-weather-predictions/

    Flu shot planning

    https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htm

    Short-term volcanic eruption prediction

    https://volcano.si.edu/faq/index.cfm?question=eruptionforecast

    https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24650/chapter/6

    [The Scientific Definition]

    Spirit trumpet

    https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-SPR-TRUMPET/1

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/spirit-trumpets-dead-speak

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/for-harry-houdini-seances-and-spiritualism-were-just-an-illusion-180978944/

    The Barnum effect

    http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Forer_The%20fallacy%20of%20personal%20validation_1949.pdf

    https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104425651

    https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00271.x

    https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-21271-001

    Table-turning

    https://fisherdigitus.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/psychical-research-collection/tabletalkingandtableturning/tabletalkingandtableturningboo

    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2_6

    https://www.ria.ie/blog/table-turning-a-victorian-fad/

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Neuroscience or psychology explanations for deja vu

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-005-0677-3

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251874/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053810012000049

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420423/

    https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/the-psychology-of-deja-vu.html

    https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/deja-vu

    Patreon bonus: Brain-computer interfaces and using technology to detect thoughts

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497935/

    https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/21/8639905/brain-control-robot-arm-paralyzed-quadriplegic

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5417

    https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/5/4/23708162/neurotechnology-mind-reading-brain-neuralink-brain-computer-interface

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01304-9

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Scatomancy pseudoscience vs. fecal tests run by gastroenterologists

    https://www.huffpost.com/entry/scatomancer_n_4309974

    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htm

    https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/how-know-your-colon-healthy

  • There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

    In our first Spooky Month episode we dare to venture into the cold, dark world of caves. Joining us on our search for hidden knowledge deep within the earth is the estimably terrifying Brennan Lee Mulligan!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Deep Trouble]

    Optymistychna Cave in Ukraine

    Plura Cave in Norway

    Veryovkina Cave in Georgia (the country)

    https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36097300

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/veryovkina-cave-deepest

    https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals-database/gypsum/

    https://saltworkconsultants.com/downloads/31.%20Dissolution%202-%20Caves.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262182704_Fractal_dimensions_of_cave_for_exemplary_gypsum_cave-mazes_of_Western_Ukraine

    https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/10413?locale-attribute=en https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-97292-3_9 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2499&context=ijs

    [The Gauntlet]

    Madagascar cave graveyard

    Armenia wine cave

    Bosnia & Herzegovina cave barely moving animal

    Devil’s Hole cave in Nevada

    Cheese storage caves in the U.S.

    Mexico cave with giant formations

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Science of cave climate in cheese/wine production

    https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/underground-wine-caves-good/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214289419306088#

    https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/missouri-cheese-caves-history

    https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-stockpile-cheese-missouri-caves/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213329116300260

    Patreon bonus: “Subsurface access points” or caves in non-Earth places like the Moon and Mars

    https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/news/caves-across-solar-system

    https://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/what-we-do/applications/subsurface-access/

    https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/lunar-pits-could-shelter-astronauts-reveal-details-of-how-man-in-the-moon-formed/

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02302-y.epdf

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Indigenous Caribbean cave art from 1200-1400s, carved from moonmilk or painted using guano compounds

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440317301413?via%3Dihub

    https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-05389-8

  • Get ready for a stomach-turning, heart-pounding, gravity-defying thrill ride as we plummet down, up, and all around the amazing world of roller coasters! We're joined by legendary podcaster, YouTuber, and roller coaster fanatic Tom Scott who wows us with his encyclopedic knowledge of these engineering marvels. So take a deep breath, strap in, and keep all your limbs inside the ride until the episode comes to a complete stop! Oh, and have fun!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: All Downhill from Here]

    https://www.goldreefcity.co.za/theme-park/rides-and-attractions/tower-of-terror/

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170005323/downloads/20170005323.pdf

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663089/

    https://www.ferrariworldabudhabi.com/en/rides/formula-rossa/worlds-fastest-rollercoaster

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8pJiV44hVM

    https://www.iaapa.org/news/funworld/tmnt-shellraiser

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3281645/

    https://www.powermotiontech.com/hydraulics/accumulators/article/21883506/want-thrills-go-with-hydraulics

    [Trivia Question]

    Annual deaths in roller coaster accidents in the United States

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1730261

    https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-victims

    https://www.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/Data/Info%20Docs/2023%20NEISS%20Coding%20Manual.pdf

    ​​https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2023-Fireworks-Annual-Report.pdf?VersionId=61twx_Y4c5dkn6MhfDIT7QhGg2T6Gf1q

    https://www.uspa.org/discover/faqs/safety

    [Fact Off]

    Riding roller coasters can help reduce perception of breathlessness/dyspnea

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005796706001653

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611106003209

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/1479972306cd110ra?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

    Riding in the back of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can help dislodge kidney stones

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Roller coaster stomach drop feeling and the enteric nervous system

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495222/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/

    https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/good-question-why-does-your-stomach-drop-on-a-roller-coaster/

    https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/may/roller-coaster-terminology-101

    Patreon bonus: Motion sickness and relation to age

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906308/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135238/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241144/

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Dog-fart-themed steel roller coaster in Denmark’s BonBon-Land

    https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/624229/take-virtual-ride-hundeprutterutchebane-denmarks-infamous-dog-fart-rollercoaster

    https://www.southzealand-mon.com/BonBon-Land

  • The knowledge of our couch of finely-honed scientific minds didn't pop out of the ground fully-formed - it had to be planted, tended, and grown lovingly over a long period of time to flower into the beautiful curiosity tree it is today. But like so much of life, it started as just a tiny, humble seed - which is super convenient for the topic of this episode!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [Definition]

    https://www.nybg.org/planttalk/what-is-a-seed/

    https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2020.00027

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/female-gametophyte

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/male-gametophyte

    [This or That: Seed Numbers]

    25: seed weight or germination time

    2000: preserved species or oldest germinated seed

    385 million: individual Amazonian trees or oldest seed-producing fossilized plant

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/687832

    https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/chap5.htm

    https://www.seedvault.no/about/the-seeds/

    https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1153600

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/708279

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309767/

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1102491

    https://web.archive.org/web/20130608110356/http://sura.ots.ac.cr/local/florula3/docs/Hura.pdf

    https://www.britannica.com/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you

    [Trivia Question]

    2024 record for smallest creature to disperse ingested seeds

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1042977

    https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10519

    https://bantam.earth/common-rough-woodlouse-porcellio-scaber/

    [Fact Off]

    HybriBots are a cyborg way to plant seeds, made from wild oats and human-made capsules

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202313906 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34506974/

    Video of wild oat fruits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlUparIDfzE

    Human urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Heirloom seeds and non-recently-hybridized plant cultivars (vs. hybrids vs. genetic modifications)

    https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/heirloom-vegetables/

    https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/dkk-mg-seed-swap-hybrid-heirloom.pdf

    https://ag.umass.edu/home-lawn-garden/fact-sheets/heirloom-vegetable-varieties

    https://extension.illinois.edu/node/21430

    https://hles.unl.edu/translating-language-seed-packets-hybrid-heirloom-non-gmo-and-more

    https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/gmo-crops-animal-food-and-beyond

    Patreon bonus: How seeds germinate and seeds that grow better after being digested

    https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/462

    https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00973.x

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1433831904700104

    https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1667

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Mysterious tomato plant on the volcanic island Surtsey came from a seed in human poop

    https://www.icelandreview.com/news/dirty-secret-uncovered-doing-business-surtsey/

    https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1267/

  • Here in the remote vistas of the Tangents jungle, observe a group of mighty science communicators expertly stalking their primary prey: knowledge. Ever so tantalizing to behold, knowledge lounges in the shade of a fern, oblivious to the danger sneaking up behind it, ready to strike at a moment's notice! Truly, these must be the most fearsome of all predators!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: Munch Squad]

    Barnacle and crab-eating animal in North American oceans

    Bird-eating ungulate in captivity

    Small mammal that ate raptor’s meat meal instead of being eaten

    https://new.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/29-01_Courbis.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340941147_Do_lowland_tapirs_Tapirus_terrestris_eat_meat_Evidence_of_carnivory_in_a_large_South_American_herbivore

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10344-015-0980-y

    https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-the-entomological-society-of-america/volume-105/issue-1/AN11057/Opportunistic-Carnivory-by-Romalea-microptera-Orthoptera-Acrididae/10.1603/AN11057.short

    [Fact Off]

    Late-stage bamboo shark embryos have electroreception within their egg case

    Collaborative hunting gestures in coral reef residents (e.g. groupers or coral trout and moray eels)

    https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431

    https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2781

    https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)00885-9

    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/04/24/groupers-use-gestures-to-recruit-morays-for-hunting-team-ups/

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in the food web (including humans)

    https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/toxic-killer-whales

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722022549

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212926/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021002671

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-013-1722-x

    https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters/plastic-micro-plastic-everywhere-what-does-it-do-and-why-should-we-care.html

    Patreon bonus: Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557576/

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944200606000080?via%3Dihub

    https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2015/12/preserving-soft-skeleton-backs-without-bones/

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfb.14444

    https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/24/jeb188318/20570/Mechanical-behavior-of-shark-vertebral-centra-at

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Coprolites show that Smok wawelski (an archosaur from the Late Triassic) was eating bones

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37540-4

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/838032

  • For those who want a megadose of Tangents shenanigans, this compilation is for you! In the many seasons of Tangents we've covered lots of interconnected topics, and now you can listen to them back-to-back like the best podcast many-feature ever. This compilation has been handcrafted from premium ingredients, sifted and whisked together with care, and baked to podcast easy listening perfection. Bon Appetite!

    Original episodes:

    S1 E5 - Eggs, original airdate: December 11, 2018

    S2 E18 - Sugar, original airdate: March 10, 2020

    S2 E26 - Salt, original airdate: May 5, 2020

    S2 E38 - Milk, original airdate: August 18, 2020

    S3 E44 - Yeast, original airdate: January 18, 2022

    Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes.

    Want more SciShow Tangents? Check out hundreds more episodes of our podcast here: https://scishow-tangents.simplecast.com, or wherever you get your podcasts!

    Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to find great SciShow Tangents merch!

    A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

  • From our episode on Sweat, here's Ceri's brilliant rendition of "Why Do We Sweat?"

    This song is a parody of Rusted Root's "Send Me On My Way."

    Lyrics: Ceri Riley

    Music: Joseph "Tuna" Metesh

  • Some are itchy, some are painful, some go totally unnoticed by us every single day...bugs have such variety in the ways they chomp, some chomps aren't even from bug mouths, but from bug butts! Join us while we debate, query, and learn all we can about the wide world of bug bites.

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This, That, or the Other: These Ouches Are No Slouches]

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12103

    https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/10878/sting-wild

    [Trivia Question]

    Size of giant toe-biting water bugs found in Cyprus

    https://travaux.pensoft.net/article/94457/

    https://www.livescience.com/animals/insects/giant-toe-biter-water-bugs-discovered-in-cyprus-for-the-1st-time

    https://blog.abchomeandcommercial.com/do-water-bugs-bite/

    https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/03/20/massive-bug-sighted-keep-your-toes-out-of-the-water/

    [Fact Off]

    Epomis beetle larvae and adults eat frogs as role-reversal predators

    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025161

    Bumble bees bite plant leaves to make them flower early

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aay0496

    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bumblebees-bite-plants-to-force-them-to-flower-seriously/

    https://wisconsinbumblebees.entomology.wisc.edu/about-bumble-bees/life-cycle-and-development/

    https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/67/17/4925/2197656

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Causes of itchiness and how calamine lotion / zinc oxide works

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862869/

    https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/how-stop-bug-bites-itching

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532860/

    https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02090/full

    https://jsstd.org/calamine-lotion/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4120804/

    Patreon bonus: Bugs with big mandibles or bite marks (even if they rarely bite humans)

    https://pukaha.org.nz/the-wacky-world-of-new-zealand-weta/

    https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2995

    https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/stag-beetles.html

    https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/217/7/1065/13119/Biomechanical-determinants-of-bite-force

    https://www.nps.gov/articles/giant-water-bug.htm

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Beaded lacewing (Lomamyia latipennis) larvae paralyze termites with farts before eating them

    https://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/

    https://www.nature.com/articles/289506a0

  • Woo boy! It's hot out there, why don't ya grab a nice glass of ice cold lemonade and listen in on everything you did and didn't want to learn about sweat. Are humans the sweatiest of them all? Do fish sweat? What lives in the ecosystem between two people holding hands for the first time? What is it all even for!??

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    Sources:

    [Truth or Fail]

    Sweat sucking spiders supplementing salts

    Polar bears follow sweaty paw paths in search for love

    A new bacteria-infecting cure for extra stinky sweaty feet

    [Trivia Question]

    NASA’s ECOSTRESS measures evapotranspiration aka plant sweating

    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ecosystem-spaceborne-thermal-radiometer-experiment-on-space-station-ecostress

    https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/watching-plants-water-use-is-no-sweat-for-ecostress

    [Fact Off]

    Charles Blagden experiments with “super-sauna” that cooked steak but made humans sweat

    https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-and-observations-in-a-heated-room-1774/

    https://www.jstor.org/stable/106218?seq=1

    https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/

    Antiperspirant made with propylene glycol that evaporates your sweat before it leaves the ducts

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Non-water stuff in eccrine sweat (salt, urea, hormones, etc.)

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817713/

    https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/1733/

    https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa048-02_macdonald.pdf

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941775/

    Patreon bonus: Effects of stress/emotion on sweat composition and smell

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.x

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518869/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246182/

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Treating hyperhidrosis in the perianal region with botox

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8436621/

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172190/

  • This summer's hottest North American bug is without question, the cicada. They've got everything: neon-colored wing veins, bendy-straw-style exoskeletons, an insatiable thirst for tree goo, and after 17 years of napping, they're bursting out of the ground ready to par-tay!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    [This or That: Cicadas or the Beatles]

    https://www.science.org/content/article/secret-cicadas-chirp

    https://cicadas.uconn.edu/behavior/

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698019

    Algorithm to measure song changes over time

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/500262

    https://www.science.org/content/article/computer-charts-evolution-beatles

    Test signals in fiber optic cables

    https://entomologytoday.org/2023/12/04/broadband-buzz-periodical-cicadas-chorus-measured-fiber-optic-cables/

    https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/23/6/3/7425398?login=false

    Female flies responding to songs

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932889/

    https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/cicadas-are-the-barry-white-of-the-insect-world/

    Eroom’s Law principle related to drug development

    https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/eroom-s-law

    https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmb.21617

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroom%27s_law

    [Trivia Question]

    Bird hunting caterpillars on emergence and non-emergence years

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi7426

    https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24148209/cicadas-2024-periodical-brood-eat-ecosystem-impact

    [Fact Off]

    Brown bears digging up cicada nymphs in Japanese human-planted forests

    https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/86161

    https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2020-0222

    https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4266

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1036064

    Cicadas pee in a very mammal-like stream

    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-cicadas-power-spray-their-pee/

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Cicada sound production using the tymbal, stridulation, or wing impacts

    https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4279

    https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/198/4/1001/6996/The-Role-of-the-Tymbal-in-Cicada-Sound-Production

    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118554

    https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/151/1/41/5697/Do-Cicadas-Radiate-Sound-through-their-Ear-Drums

    Patreon bonus: Periodical cicadas emerge after 13 or 17 (prime numbers) years

    https://www.jstor.org/stable/2406585

    https://www.livescience.com/14238-southern-cicadas-emerge-exact-prime-number-cycles.html

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690011/

    https://cicadas.uconn.edu/

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Cicada nymph anal liquid is adhesive and mucus-like

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044523104700686

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2rax3CKoj8

  • It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it.

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

    Sources:

    [Truth or Fail Express]

    Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimp

    https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/

    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_Puzzle

    Nudibranch with male and female sex organs

    https://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.html

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wt

    Sparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four genders

    https://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrows

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/

    [This or That: Bird or Bug?]

    Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)

    https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1up

    https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396

    Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair’s nest (Japanese termites)

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233

    Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)

    https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)

    https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055

    https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdf

    http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Aristotle’s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behavior

    https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.html

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

  • It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    [Truth or Fail Express]

    Banana peel pasta

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325

    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htm

    Banana peel perfume adherent

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679

    https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924a

    Banana peel water filtration

    https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.html

    https://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.html

    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e

    [This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]

    Banana fiddler crab

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-w

    Image: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425

    Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpg

    Banana galaxies

    https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232

    Nokia 8110 aka the “banana phone”

    https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110

    https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4g

    Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpg

    Image of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease risks

    https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827

    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448

    https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xml

    https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-it

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetate

    https://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653

  • Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is from a bonus, cut-for-time question from our episode on Turtles! You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

  • It may seem like cloning really only shows up regularly in science fiction, but it turns out, it's been a sneaky, significant real-world process for a super long time! In this episode we learn about cloning found in nature, labs, and...this very podcast??

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    [Truth or Fail]

    Crayfish that’s been cloning itself might help us study prion diseases

    https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.html

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/904708

    Scientists envision a new insect repellant while cloning hemlock trees

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/801445

    Athlete’s foot fungus rejects sex for cloning

    https://today.duke.edu/2018/02/toenail-fungus-gives-sex-infect-human-hosts

    https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/208/4/1657/6084243

    https://gizmodo.com/the-fungi-that-cause-athletes-foot-have-given-up-on-sex-1823265768

    [Trivia Question]

    First cloned cat, which was named Copy Cat

    https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/texas-am-says-goodbye-to-cc-worlds-first-cloned-cat/

    https://www.npr.org/2020/03/08/813384347/remembering-cc-the-cloned-cat

    [Fact Off]

    Electric ant queens and males sexually reproduce but actually like two different clonal species

    A 34-member “twin study” with Amazon molly fish clones

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009151

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43069-6

    https://phys.org/news/2021-02-defeating-enemy-evolution-clone-fish.html

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/

    https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/twins-study/about/

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    Cross-species cloning and back-breeding as de-extinction strategies

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223960/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157387/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521203/

    https://lsspjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2195-7819-10-3

    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals

    https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2021-02/genetic-research-boosts-black-footed-ferret-conservation-efforts

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of zooid clones, including gastrozooids for digesting (and maybe pooping)

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51842-1

    https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html

  • Humanity is bound together by so many qualities, and in this episode, we add Being Goopy to the list. What does that have to do with glue? A whole lot, it turns out - cue some ominous foreshadowing....Memento goopy!

    SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces!

    Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

    And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

    Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!

    [Secret Ingredient]

    Fibers mixed with water to make adhesive

    https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/1/1/pgac026/6549457

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

    Adhesive inspired by animal protein

    https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c10936

    Chinese bricks made with gluey substance

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/chinese-architecture

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12143

    [Trivia Question]

    Year that the first adhesive stamp Penny Black was mailed

    https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/how-a-single-postage-stamp-birthed-the-information-age

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-piece-of-mail-sent-using-a-stamp-auction-180983619/

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-of-the-first-postage-stamp-14931961/

    [Fact Off]

    Reversible glue made with caffeic acid exposed to certain UV light wavelengths

    Blood albumin glue used in plywood and pre-plastic resin objects

    https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-154.pdf

    https://foodeng.wisc.edu/images/publications/2010-9.pdf

    https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/fluidsengineering/article-abstract/54/11/15/1162589/Blood-Albumin-and-the-Woodworking-Industry?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://plastiquarian.com/?page_id=14216

    [Ask the Science Couch]

    How glue adhesion/cohesion works and why glue (sometimes) doesn’t cure in the bottle

    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01182#

    https://www.uhu.com/en-en/glue-advice/adhesive-types

    https://d-lab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/D-Lab_Learn-It_Adhesives_Jul13.pdf

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143749618300575

    https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/CT07137

    [Butt One More Thing]

    Fibrin glue used to help seal anal fistulas

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682544/

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782483/

  • No, your eyes and ears don't deceive you - this is, in fact, a super special cross-feed treat from our friends over at Crash Course in the form of the first episode of their brand new show, "Crash Course Pods: The Universe." Hosted by novelist John Green and astrophysicist Dr. Katie Mack, "The Universe" is a podcast about the history of the entire universe, from its explosive beginnings to its mysterious, but inevitable, end. In this first episode Dr. Mack walks John through the Big Bang and the very first micro-moments of the universe, and some of the ways that that ancient event is actually still connected to us, here, today. It's great, we really like it, we're really proud of the Crash Course team, and we thought you guys would also really enjoy the show! So to make it easy, we put the entire first episode right here! The rest of John and Dr. Mack's conversation will cover 11 episodes airing every other week on the Crash Course YouTube channel at youtube.com/crashcourse or wherever you get your podcasts. Give it a listen, and we hope you enjoy!