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This version* of âThe Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vowsâ is a colloquial English translation of the ancient 7th century Chinese sutra translated from Sanskrit by Master Siksananda of the Kingdom of Khotan. âKsitigarbhaâ is a Sanskrit word meaning âearth treasuryâ, which reflects the hidden treasure in the minds of all sentient beings, and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvaâs specialty and merit is His âpower of vowâ â He vowed not to become a Buddha until all beings, including those in hell, are rescued.
âThe Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vowsâ has the most direct connection with us sentient beings in this chaotic, troubled and distressed era and world. The Buddha foresaw the suffering and chaos in this Dharma-Declining Period that we are now living in, which is due to our own individual as well as collective deeds.
Although there is still a lot of work to be done, the Buddha had a miraculous plan! Through His great kindness and mercy, before He went into nirvana, the Buddha entrusted us to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva to be saved, rescued and guided, not just humans, but all beings in the six realms including celestial beings and especially those in the three lower realms â animals, hungry ghosts and hell beings.
The narrator, Paul, is an inmate who was under maximum security incarceration in the United States. He has been rescued by the Three Jewels and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva multiple times when faced with distress, troubles in mind, critical illness and life-death issues. We are moved by his serious, persistent vows to change himself and cultivate inwardly according to the Buddha and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvaâs teachings. These experiences helped and inspired many Buddhist practitioners all over. We are grateful that Buddhist dharma friends are sharing their lives with us and validating that the miraculous power of the Three Jewels and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva is real. And we are immensely honored to have the chance to witness one miracle after another.
This is an unprecedented project and would not have been possible without the gracious and generous support of the state correctional officers, the superintendent and the officers of the corrections center to whom we are deeply grateful. We are also very thankful to our audio editor and sound engineer, Jonathan Raz, for his caring, patient and detailed work that made it possible for the recording to be professional and pleasing to listen to. Due to the limitations of the recording circumstances and the narratorâs health condition, there are a few places where the recorded audio does not exactly reflect the printed version, or may have some background noise, and the voice may sound a bit different at times.
As Mahayana Buddhists, we are most grateful to have the chance to present this sutra recording to share with you all. From our experience, reading and/or copying this sutra helps to obtain calm, peace and inspiration; may your listening to it also bring the same.
And if you have any questions, weâd be honored to hear from you. Please feel free to contact us at [email protected].
May the Three Jewels and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Mahasattva bless and guide us all to find true liberation and peace!
Namaáž„ KáčŁitigarbhÄya BodhisattvÄya MahÄsattvÄya!
Society of Ksitigarbha Studies, USA
Dong Shan Institute of Buddhism
November 2021Our gratitude to L. Hsu for narrating the Preface.
*This recording is based on our first edition from 2017. A newly revised edition has been published in December 2022 with ISBN 979-8-218-12688-9 at Amazon www.amazon.com/dp/B0BQZDXL5V/ and can also be found at Blackwell's and other stores. Our website is www.ksitigarbha-studies.org.
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Nama Arya*-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Rid my guilt and sin!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Enlighten me!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Transform my body!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Save my life!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Cure my illness!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Heal my wound!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, End my pain!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Take away my suffering!
Nama Arya-Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya, Remove my fear!
Chant each line 4 times before chanting the next.
Composed by the late Master Sheng Chang Hwang
*Arya is a Sanskrit word meaning ânobleâ, âexcellentâ or âvenerableâ.
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1. This Sutra is addressed to You and Me (0:55)
2. Knowing the Dharma of âWhat is Suffering and What is Happinessâ is our initial connection with the Three Jewels (3:17)
3. Knowing the Dharma of âSuffering and Happinessâ is learning the Dharma of the Four Noble Truths (5:44)
4. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva is the Prime Representative of the Dharma of the Power of Vows (9:11)
5. Knowing the Invisible World (11:39)
6. The âTen Virtues and Ten Evilsâ is the link from the Visible World to the Invisible World (14:42)
7. Advice at the Times of Birth and Death (19:28)
8. The Principle of Giving: Nobility should care for the Indigent while Commoners should make offerings to the Three Jewels (20:32)
9. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva is the Prime Representative of all the Buddhas, Dharma and Samgha in the Ten Directions (21:13)
10. The Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vows is the most important Sutra for all Sentient Beings of this Era and this Earth to make direct Connections with Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva (23:11)
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"Ksitigarbhaâs Gatha"
Alas! We, the suffering beings born in this Dharma-Declining Period,
Our grave, sinful deeds steer us right into the murky realms.
The three poison fires of the mind bring forth misfortunes, and
The seven deeds of action and speech offend ghosts and gods.
Reincarnating repeatedly on the karmic path is not His wish.
Drifting in and out of the evil paths contradicts His grace.
Who will rescue us out of the infinite and endless sufferings?
The kindness and mercy of Ksitigarbha, with His solemn vows will!âą âą âą
"In Praise of Ksitigarbha"
The supreme enlightenment of the Buddha radiates with kindness and mercy!
Ksitigarbhaâs grand vows bear all promises!
From the ten directions, all beings arrive at Trayastrimsa Heaven.
The illumination penetrates Avici Hell.
While gazing upon and saluting the Holy Images, I repent and entrust all my mundane sins. -
âO Ksitigarbha! Today, I earnestly entrust to you these celestial beings and humans:
In the future, if there are celestial beings or virtuous men and women who plant a few virtuous roots according to the Buddha-dharma, even if these virtuous roots are as small as a strand of hair, a particle of dust, a grain of sand or a droplet of water, you will apply your miraculous power to swiftly rescue them and protect them.
Be sure that they will gradually make the vows to pursue the Bodhi and follow the unsurpassed path of Mahayana. Do not let them get lost on the path, thus forgetting their original vows because of the regrettable regression.â
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The Buddha said to Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva: âThis Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has the most intimate relationship with sentient beings in Jambudvipa. If I were to describe the details of how He benefits and uplifts those sentient beings who behold His image and learn about His name, I would not be able to do so even by taking one hundred thousand kalpas of time.
Therefore, Avalokitesvara, you must apply your miraculous power to circulate this Sutra so that sentient beings in the Saha World can forever enjoy blissful peace and happiness for hundreds and thousands of millions of kalpas.â
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âO God of Solid-Firm-Earth! In the future, if there are virtuous men and virtuous women who can make offerings to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, read âThe Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vowsâ and also practice the Sutra teachings accordingly, then you shall protect them with your miraculous power. Do not let them hear all the harmful disasters and unpleasant events, lest the harms reach them.
Not only will you be protecting these people, but Lord Sakra, Lord Maha-Brahma and their subordinates, as well as other celestial beings and their subordinates, will also protect themâŠ
Eventually and certainly, they will be liberated from the Suffering Sea to validate the happiness of Nirvana.â
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At that time, strengthened by the majestic powers of the Buddha, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva stood up from His seat, kneeled down on His right knee and brought His palms together. Reverently, He addressed the Buddha:
âO Bhagavat! I have been observing sentient beings who have been reincarnating on their karmic paths, and I appraised their meritorious blessings according to the dana they have performed. Some exerted great effort, and some did very little. Some of them enjoyed their blessings in only one lifetime, others enjoyed their blessings for ten lifetimes, and there were some who received great benefits for hundreds or thousands of lifetimes.
What would make such immense differences? I solely wish that you, Bhagavat, will explain that to me.â
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At that time, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva expressed His wish to the Buddha: âO Bhagavat! Today I would like to disclose the ways and means, for the good of future sentient beings, of how they can obtain great benefits between their births and deathsâŠ
If all sentient beings of the present and future, whether they are celestial beings, or humans, or men, or women, can chant even one of the Buddhasâ names, they will gain infinite merits. And how much better will it be to invoke many Buddhasâ names!
These sentient beings will gain great benefits while living, and at the time of their deaths, they will not fall into evil paths.â
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The Buddha said to Yamaraja: âThe temperaments of sentient beings of Southern Jambudvipa are characterized by extreme stubbornness and unwillingness to yield. They are very difficult to mediate and tame. Look at this Mahasattva! In the past one hundred thousand kalpas, He has continued to rescue them one after another, without a moment of rest. He only wishes that they could reach liberation sooner.
For those beings with grave, sinful deeds, including the ones who have fallen into the worst evil realms, Ksitigarbha uses His ingenious, convenient and miraculous power to uproot the origins of their karmic causes and help them recollect their past.
Unfortunately, sentient beings of Jambudvipa have the habit of clinging to evil and attracting evil. They repeatedly come in and out of those evil realms. Therefore, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has been extremely attentive, and after infinite kalpas have passed, He still continues to rescue those beings.â
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âBhagavat! These sentient beings who are habitually inclined toward evil will always make some petty evil suddenly grow into an infinite and enormous one. Hence, while they are on the verge of death, their parents and other dependents should help to gather some capital for them so they can have resources to meet the challenges of the journey aheadâŠ
If these dying persons committed many evil deeds, then the deeds will magnetize the evil realms. However, when their relatives and dependents perform the Buddhist rites, their uncountable grave sins will be eradicated.â
If the relatives and dependents of the newly deceased want to do more for the deceased, they can prevalently perform additional meritorious deeds within forty-nine days of the deaths, so that the deceased will forever stay away from the evil paths, and reincarnate in human or celestial realms to enjoy superb happiness. At the same time, those relatives and dependents will also gain infinite benefits for themselves.â
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âTherefore, Samantavipula! All of you should know that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva has such enormous, unspeakable, great miraculous power that enables Him to accomplish one hundred quadrillion beneficial matters.
Sentient beings of Jambudvipa have very special bonds with this great Bodhisattva. If these sentient beings have heard about the name of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, seen His image and learned about this Sutra â even three words, five words, one gatha or one sentence â they will have superb peace and joy, and for one billion lives in the future, they will be reborn in prestigious families with distinguished appearances.â
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Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva explained further for Samantabhadra Bodhisattva: âYour Kindness! These hells are perceived by evil-doing beings and magnetized by their karma in Southern Jambudvipa. The karmic force is extremely powerful â its strength is hard to overcome â as high as Mount Sumeru and as deep as the deepest sea. It creates immense barriers for practitioners during their pursuit of virtuous learning.
Therefore, all you sentient beings should never overlook any evil, nor should you consider any trivial harm or petty evil as if sinless. The consequences will appear when this life is over because retributions wait for you after death. Every little evil counts and will bring on suffering!
Even the most intimate relationship between a father and son in the past will not be of any help; upon death, each will go their separate ways, unable to assist one another. If they happen to meet again, neither one will be willing to shoulder any burden for the other.â
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Then, the Buddha said to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva: âBefore all those sentient beings gain their deliverance, they lack firm disposition and direction. If habitually they lean towards the evil direction, they will tend to attract evil conditions and commit evil karmic deeds. If they habitually lean towards the virtuous direction, they will attract virtuous deeds and obtain innumerable virtuous consequences.
Nevertheless, all sentient beings are at all times influenced by their environments and are being drawn to do virtuous or evil deeds. Therefore, all sentient beings are continuously reincarnating among the five paths without a moment of rest. After numerous kalpasâas many as all the dust particles added togetherâhave passed, their minds remain confused with obstinate barriersâŠ
These kinds of sentient beings are my great concern. However, since you are going to fulfill the profound vows that you have asserted over numerous kalpas and will surely and extensively rescue those sinful-suffering beings, I need not worry!â
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At that time, Lady Maya, the Buddhaâs mundane mother, reverently brought her palms together in front of her chest and asked Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva: âO Holy One, when sentient beings in Jambudvipa commit various karmic deeds, how different in severity are the deeds? And what kinds of retributions will these sentient beings receive?â
Ksitigarbha answered⊠âIn southern Jambudvipa, the five evil deeds that will attract grave retributions are as follows... Noble Mother, if any sentient beings commit the above-mentioned five sinful deeds, they will certainly fall into the Five Unremitting Hells as a consequence, where they cannot even plead for an instance of relief from the suffering.â
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At that time, Bhagavat extended His golden-bronze-colored arms to bless and touch the heads of one hundred quadrillion asamkhyeya divided-identical Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattvas, who came from all of the worldsâan unthinkable, indiscussable, immeasurable and unspeakable number. The Buddha said to the Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvas:
âI have taught and influenced many obstinate, hard-to-tame beings in this foul time with the Five Contaminations... However, there are still many untamed beings who will meet their retributions according to their karma. When you see them falling into the evil paths and suffering severe distress, you must remember what I am entrusting to you in this Trayastrimsa Palace:
âFrom now until Maitreya becomes a Buddha in this mundane world, all sentient beings in this Saha World are under your care. You are to rescue and liberate them, so that they can forever depart from suffering, and you are to continue your care until they can encounter a Buddha to anoint them as future Buddhas.ââ
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At that time, Sakyamuni Buddha said to the Dharma Prince Manjusri Bodhisattva-Mahasattva: âLook at all the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, devas, nagas, ghosts and gods, from this Saha World and other worlds, from this land and other lands, now assembled here in Trayastrimsa Heaven to attend this dharma gathering...
These sentient beings are all related to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva. From past infinite kalpas, some of them have been delivered and transformed; some will be delivered and transformed during this assembly; and some are yet to be delivered and transformed in the future...
O Manjusri, this Bodhisattvaâs grand vows have such inconceivable, majestic and miraculous power.â
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As a disciple of the Three Jewels, I __(your name)__ , in front of the image of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva and with utmost sincerity and respect, make the following grand vows:
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!I vow: that all sentient beings and I will often receive, uphold, study and chant The Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vows;
I vow: that while receiving, upholding, studying and chanting this Sutra, I will profoundly comprehend the true, dependable meaning of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas;
I vow: to protect and uphold this Sutra and those convenient practices given by Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva until all sinful- suffering beings on this earth are transformed and liberated;
I vow: that all my parents, spouses, brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, other dependents of my numerous past lives as well as all sinful-suffering beings on this earth will rely on the merits of this Sutra to be rescued and transformed;
I vow: that in all the Buddhasâ worlds where there are hells, all sinful-suffering beings will rely on the merits of this Sutra to be rescued and transformed;
I vow: that at all times and at all places, all sentient beings will make the same pledge as I so that we can be empowered by the miraculous power of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvaâs grand vow to gain the benefits of:
Departing from the Five Unremitting Hells, from all large and small hells, from the three evil realms, from reincarnations amongst the six realms, from the Burning Three Realms, from the suffering sea of births and deaths;
Forever departing from all Eight Sufferings; and
Relying on the Authentic Teachings and Conveniences of Tathagata to reach the Buddhaâs realm together, to validate the Buddhaâs stage together, and to enjoy the grand Nirvana of true permanence, true happiness, true identity (âIâ) and true cleanliness together;
I vow: to follow Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva to transform all sinful-suffering beings on this earth until Maitreya Bodhisattva becomes a Buddha;
I vow: with this pledge, to draw and receive the empowerment of Ksitigarbhaâs miraculous power generated from this grand vow upon me;
I vow: by relying upon the miraculous power of Ksitigarbhaâs grand vow, to completely and satisfactorily accomplish my pledge;
I vow: that with the merits from my pledge, I make:
Respectful offerings to all the Buddhas in the past, present and future,
Respectful offerings to the Three Jewels, and
Respectful offerings to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva- Mahasattva;I vow: that I will attribute the merits of my pledge to all sentient beings of the past, present and future in the ten dharma realms.
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya! -
We bow deeply before the feet of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva!
We respectfully make offerings and pay homage to Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva!
We take refuge in Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva!We pray that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva will swiftly and urgently rescue ______________ and all newly deceased beings.
We pray that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva will strengthen us with kindness and mercy, deliverance and fearless-miraculous power as we make a vow to study The Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vows for the sake of delivering ______________ and all newly deceased beings from great suffering and distress!
We pray that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva will strengthen ______________ and all newly deceased beings with bravery and honesty so they can confront all the ten evil deeds of action, speech and thought that they have committed. The evil deeds areâkilling, stealing, sexual misconduct, deceptive speech, alienating speech, ill-intended speech, frivolous speech, greed/stinginess, hatred/jealousy and arrogance with erroneous views. Empower them to repent for their sinful deeds so as to cleanse the evil karma and remove all obstacles as they travel onto a new path.
We pray that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva will strengthen ______________ and all newly deceased beings with kindness and mercy, deliverance, fearlessness and miraculous power, so they will have peaceful, benevolent and tender hearts that will enable them to forgive all their foes, forego all of their grievances and consequently cleanse their evil karma and remove all obstacles.
We pray that Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva will
enlighten ______________ and all newly deceased beings, rescue ______________ and all newly deceased beings, lead ______________ and all newly deceased beings and spare them from great sufferings. Spare them from falling into the three
evil realms of hell, animals and hungry ghosts. Guide them to be reborn in a blissful place among human or celestial beings. Allow them to follow Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva closely, life after life.Namah* Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!
Namah Ksitigarbhaya Bodhisattvaya Mahasattvaya!*Namah is a Sanskrit word for âhomage.â Namah Ksitigarbhaya means âhomage to Ksitigarbhaâ.
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With utmost sincerity, I contemplate the following thoughts:
I solely vow that when I open The Sutra of Ksitigarbhaâs Fundamental Vows, it will be as if I am personally attending the assembly in Trayastrimsa Heaven, listening to the teachings of Sakyamuni Buddha, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva and many other Bodhisattva-Mahasattvas!
I vow: As I read this Sutra, it will be as if the Buddha, the Bodhisattvas, God of Solid-Firm-Earth, Deva Yamaraja and many ghost kings are directly addressing the dharma to me.
I vow: I will be in full accordance with the dharma taught by those virtuous mentors wholeheartedly, vigilantly and profoundly.
I vow: I will often read and study this Sutra with faith, appreciation, respect and mindfulness; I will contemplate the meaning without forgetting it; I will guard the dharma from extinction; and I will extensively spread the dharma to all beings in the future so that they will also gain the benefits.
I vow: By relying on the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra, I will attain a firm dharma connection with Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattva.
I vow: I will attribute the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra to the wisdom and consciousness that have long been hidden and to Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi.
I vow: I will attribute the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra to the Path of Ten Virtuous Deeds.
I vow: I will attribute the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra to all sinful, suffering beings, as well as those in the six realms [of existence] and the ten directions [in this universe so that they will gain the same benefits].
I vow: I will attribute the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra to my past countless number of births and deaths â I vow that all beings and I can swiftly apply the merits of this Sutra to find annulment of all sins accumulated from past infinite kalpas as a result of committing the Ten Evil Deeds, the Four Prohibitions, the Five Rebellious Acts, turning the truth upside down, slandering the Three Jewels and the deeds of Icchantika.
I vow: By relying on the merits gained from reading and studying this Sutra, I will attribute all the merits to ___(insert names of those in concern)___ so that ________________ will rely upon the meritorious power of this Sutra to swiftly eliminate all evil deeds and grave sins, to part from all obstacles, all sufferings and hardships, and to swiftly gain blissful peace and refuge.
I vow: that ________________, all beings and I will soon have Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva-Mahasattvaâs kind and merciful attention and nurturing; uplifting salvation; and illuminating teaching and guidance.
- Se mer
