Episodios
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During an evaluation, a physical therapist performs the elbow flexion test to reproduce a patient's upper extremity symptoms. Which of the following BEST explains the mechanism behind this test?
Option 1- Compression of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel
Option 2- Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the pronator teres
Option 3- Ischemic compression of the radial artery reducing blood flow to the forearm
Option 4- Stretching of the posterior interosseous nerve beneath the supinatorWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/RK6ELQAI5fM
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A physical therapist performs the carpal compression test (Durkan's test) on a patient who complains of pain and paresthesia in their hand. The purpose of this test is to compress which of the following structures?
Option 1- Median nerve
Option 2- Radial artery
Option 3- Ulnar nerve
Option 4- Ulnar artery
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/woiU7Fk8t2g -
¿Faltan episodios?
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A physical therapist is performing Tinel's sign to assess for tarsal tunnel syndrome. Where should the therapist tap to provoke symptoms when performing this test?
Option 1- Over the anterior ankle joint line between the tibia and talus
Option 2- Posterior to the medial malleolus
Option 3- Over the dorsum of the foot near the base of the first metatarsal
Option 4- Posterior to the lateral malleolus
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/SAFvZOQXy84
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A physical therapist performs Spurling's test on a patient with right-sided upper extremity neural symptoms. The therapist begins the test by passively placing the patient's neck in right lateral flexion and extension. Before even applying axial compression, the patient reports that their upper extremity symptoms have been reproduced. Which of the following best explains the clinical significance of this test?
Option 1- Increased tension of the brachial plexus as it passes through the thoracic outlet
Option 2- Facet joint irritation from cervical lateral flexion and extension
Option 3- Instability of the upper cervical spine due to ligamentous laxity
Option 4- Compression of a cervical nerve root due to foraminal narrowing
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/dOvYoGeBqqo
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A physical therapist is examining a patient who presents with symptoms consistent with pronator syndrome. Which of the following findings would MOST likely be observed during the examination?
Option 1- Weakness of the wrist extensors
Option 2- Sensory loss over the dorsal aspect of the hand
Option 3- Weakness of the finger flexors
Option 4- Pain over the lateral elbow
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/rtisWckWBik
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A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with a suspected compression neuropathy of the median nerve. Which of the following findings would help confirm a diagnosis of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome over other median nerve neuropathies?
Option 1- Inability to perform an "OK" sign
Option 2- Sensory loss in the palm of the hand and lateral fingers
Option 3- Ape hand deformity
Option 4- Positive Tinel's sign at the cubital tunnel
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/d6FgCio76mo
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A patient presents with weakness isolated to the intrinsic muscles of the hand, specifically the adductor pollicis and the muscles of the hypothenar eminence. The therapist notes that all forearm muscles, the wrist flexors and wrist extensors, have full strength. Which of the following is the MOST likely site of nerve entrapment?
Option 1- Carpal tunnel
Option 2- Radial tunnel
Option 3- Cubital tunnel
Option 4- Tunnel of Guyon
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/7VjQBzRANU4
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A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of right thoracic outlet syndrome. The physical therapist identifies that the patient's symptoms are being caused by entrapment at the costoclavicular space. Which of the following activities would MOST likely exacerbate the patient's symptoms?
1. Reaching overhead into a high cupboard
2. Carrying a heavy bag in the right arm
3. Looking over the left shoulder while driving
4. Looking upward to shave the neck
Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/D5p6uO3w9TA
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A physical therapist performs the standing lumbar quadrant test (Kemp's test) on a patient with low back pain. The patient reports that their pain is intermittent and mostly isolated to the lumbar region, though can occasionally radiate to the buttock. During the test, the patient notes that only their lumbar pain is reproduced. Which structure is MOST directly loaded during this test?
1. Intervertebral disc and corresponding nerve root
2. Erector spinae muscle group
3. Lumbar facet joints
4. Iliolumbar ligamentWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/eCxN1-MgKtQ
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A physical therapist is preparing to perform the slump test on a patient with suspected lumbar radiculopathy. When correctly performing the slump test, which movement should be completed FIRST?
1. Cervical flexion
2. Ankle dorsiflexion
3. Trunk flexion
4. Knee extensionWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/wTjtrJ8daSM
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A patient reports persistent burning and tingling along the medial aspects of the knee, lower leg, and ankle. The physical therapist suspects saphenous nerve involvement. Which of the following nerves would MOST closely mimic the sensory symptoms of saphenous nerve entrapment?
1. Obturator
2. Posterior tibial
3. Femoral
4. SciaticWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/ubTtbdIOt_w
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A physical therapist performs Tinel's sign by tapping over the cubital tunnel. The patient reports tingling sensations consistent with a positive finding. Which region of the hand would MOST likely be affected?
1. Dorsal-lateral aspect of the hand and first web space
2. Palmar aspect of all five digits
3. Hypothenar eminence and fifth digit
4. Thenar eminence and lateral three digitsWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/0WCucozv6jA
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A physical therapist performs a slump test on a patient with complaints of intermittent posterior leg pain and numbness. The patient reports increased symptoms when the neck is flexed during the test, but symptoms decrease when the neck is extended while maintaining knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion. What is the MOST accurate interpretation of this finding?
1. The symptoms are likely due to hamstring tightness
2. The test result is negative because pain improved with neck extension
3. The response suggests adverse neural tension involving the spinal cord or nerve roots
4. The findings are consistent with mechanical low back pain from a lumbar paraspinal strainWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/yAFcauqnAEQ
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A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with low back pain radiating into the left posterior thigh and calf. A straight leg raise on the left side reproduces the patient's familiar symptoms. When the therapist performs a crossed straight leg raise on the right leg, the patient again experiences pain radiating down the left leg. What is the MOST appropriate interpretation of these findings?
1. The patient has bilateral hamstring tightness
2. The patient has non-specific low back pain unrelated to nerve root involvement
3. The symptoms are due to sacroiliac joint dysfunction on the left side
4. The findings suggest a large central disc herniation compressing a nerve rootWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/yickD2jz3DU
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A physical therapist plans to perform all four upper limb tension tests on a patient. However, they find it difficult to complete ULTT 1 (median nerve bias) and ULTT 4 (ulnar nerve bias) due to the patient's limited mobility. Which of the following joint motions is MOST likely restricted and interfering with these tests?
1. Shoulder abduction
2. Elbow extension
3. Forearm pronation
4. Wrist flexionWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/JsC0dFjirUs
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A patient presents with hypersensitivity in the distal forearm following a recent peripheral nerve injury. The physical therapist initiates a desensitization program involving gradual exposure to various tactile stimuli. What is the primary mechanism through which desensitization training aids in reducing hypersensitivity?
1. Inhibition of nociceptor activity
2. Enhancement of neuroplasticity and cortical reorganization
3. Reduction of peripheral nerve inflammation
4. Stimulation of axonal growthWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/TmoLHI_OPto
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A physical therapist is evaluating a 38-year-old patient who reports an electric shock-like sensation radiating down the spine and into both arms when flexing the neck. The therapist suspects a positive Lhermitte's sign. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely associated with this clinical finding?
1. Thoracic outlet syndrome
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Cervical radiculopathy
4. Cervical paraspinal spasmWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/hrgrnOA0Hfs
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A physical therapist performs Tinel's sign by gently tapping over the posterior tibial nerve at the medial malleolus, looking for reproduction of paresthesia. In a patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome, the expected tingling symptoms would MOST likely radiate to which of the following locations?
1. The dorsal web space between the first and second toes
2. The plantar surface of the foot
3. The medial ankle and shin
4. The dorsum of the footWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/-MBDhocmNSg
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A physical therapist is beginning desensitization treatment for a patient with significant tactile hypersensitivity in the palm following carpal tunnel surgery. The patient describes light touch as irritating and has started avoiding hand use. Which of the following textures would be the MOST appropriate to use when initiating treatment?
1. A soft cotton T-shirt
2. A silk scarf
3. A bath towel
4. A paper towelWatch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/V53vv7zOrs0
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A physical therapist is preparing to perform all upper limb tension tests (ULTTs) on a patient with upper extremity paresthesia. The patient's medical history includes osteoarthritis of the elbow and their passive range of motion is 0 to 95 degrees. Which test would be the MOST difficult to perform given the patient's elbow mobility restriction?
1. ULTT 1 (median nerve bias)
2. ULTT 2 (median, musculocutaneous, axillary nerve bias)
3. ULTT 3 (radial nerve bias)
4. ULTT 4 (ulnar nerve bias)Watch the video version on our Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/_xRwXVhseLg
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