Episodes
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In this episode of The Friendly Troll Podcast, host Josephine Kaaniru is joined by Mr. Kevin Mutiso, Chair of the Digital Financial Services Association of Kenya (DFSAK), to explore how the digital lending industry has evolved with regard to privacy practices, due to the enforcement of the Data Protection Act.
With just a smartphone and an ID number, Kenyans can access loans in minutes, no collateral, no bank branch, no guarantor needed. This convenience has made digital lending apps central to Kenya’s financial inclusion story. By some estimates, about 14% of Kenyan adults had taken a digital loan by 2019. But that convenience has always come with a less visible cost to borrowers: their right to privacy.
To decide whether to lend money, these apps don’t just assess income data. They analyse contacts, SMS messages, location history, browsing behaviour, and sometimes even call log data. They make decisions about creditworthiness using algorithms that remain opaque to users, and they often share data with third parties users may not even be aware of. As such, the conversation with Mr Kevin Mutiso reflects on how far the industry has come, and what still needs to change before Kenyan borrowers can access credit without compromising their privacy.
Resources
Report – Privacy and Data Protection Practices of Digital Lending Apps in Kenya- https://cipit.strathmore.edu/privacy-and-data-protection-practices-of-digital-lending-apps-in-kenya-report/ Guidance Note for Digital Credit Providers - https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-Guidance-Note-for-Digital-Credit-Providers.pdfODPC Press Release, “ODPC to Audit 40 Digital Lenders And Issues Enforcement Notice Against A Health Service Provider” - https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Approved-Press-Release-on-DCP039s-and-Health-Provider-1-1.pdfDigital Financial Services Association of Kenya - https://www.dfsak.co.ke/Don’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
Music: Intro/Outro – https://pixabay.com/music/id-102694/
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In this episode of The Friendly Troll Podcast, host Josephine Kaaniru is joined by Irene Makau to explore the governance of Digital ID systems and government digital services in Zambia. Drawing from CIPIT’s latest publication “Report on the Study of Government Digital Services and Digital ID in Kenya and Zambia” they discuss the legal and institutional frameworks that underpin these systems, identify key implementation gaps, and reflect on what’s needed to promote rights-respecting governance with a focus on Zambia.
Resources:
A Report on the Study of Government Digital Services and Digital ID in Kenya and ZambiaSummary of the reportMapping of Data Protection Laws in AfricaAdvancing the Governance of Data for Development in Zambia Virtual WorkshopDon’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
Music: Intro/Outro – https://pixabay.com/music/id-102694/
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Missing episodes?
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In this episode of The Friendly Troll Podcast, the AI Policy Team at CIPIT, Josephine Kaaniru, Irene Makau, and Cynthia Nzuki, join their Team Lead and host, Florence Ogonjo, to unpack the year’s major activities and developments in Africa’s AI policy landscape. They walk through key research outputs, events, and evolving trends in AI governance, while also sharing updates on the AI Policy Team’s ongoing work at CIPIT. This episode of TFT covers;
Research & Policy HighlightsOverview of CIPIT’s research across events, reports, and Africa’s AI landscapeEpisode Highlights Include:
State of AI In Africa report 2025Watch sessions of the 2nd Conference on the State of AI in Africa 2025AI Governance Webinar Series:Ethical AI Starts with Data Linking Curation, Workers’ Rights and OutputsAI and Intellectual Property: Protecting African DatasetsThe Evolving AI Governance Landscape in Africa: A Multidisciplinary ApproachThe NOODL Solution- You can find more about the NOODL License and access it via this linkJosephine’s presentation at the Africa Law Tech FestivalTo interact with research work mentioned in the podcast and other AI research- AI Policy Team work on the website
Don’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
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In this episode of The Friendly Troll Podcast, host Calvin Mulindwa is joined by Mustafa Mahmoud to explore the governance of Digital ID systems and government digital services in Kenya and Zambia. Drawing from CIPIT’s latest publication "Report on the Study of Government Digital Services and Digital ID in Kenya and Zambia" they discuss the legal and institutional frameworks that underpin these systems, identify key implementation gaps, and reflect on what’s needed to promote rights-respecting governance with a focus on Kenya.
With over 12 years of experience in legal identity and inclusion, Mustafa shares valuable insights on the findings from surveys conducted with government agencies, civil society organisations, and private sector players. The conversation highlights systemic challenges, litigation trends, risks posed by biometric systems, and the need for inclusive, collaborative approaches to digital governance.
Key Highlights:
Introduction to Digital ID and its connection to digital public infrastructure (DPI) and digital public goods (DPG).Importance of data protection, especially in relation to sensitive biometric data.Overview of the survey methodology used in the study and the diversity of institutions surveyed.Key challenges inhibiting just and inclusive digital ID systems in Kenya.Contrast between Kenya and Zambia’s approaches, particularly Kenya’s litigation landscape.Risks and barriers related to digital access, biometric systems, and systemic inequalities.Current efforts by CSOs and recommendations for improving government-civil society collaboration.Discussion on the role of inclusive policy and multi-stakeholder design in building trust and equitable access to digital services.Don’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
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In this episode, CIPIT’s Josephine Kaaniru and Florence Ogonjo share reflections from the 2nd Conference on the State of AI in Africa (COSAA 2025), themed “Shaping Responsible and Ethical AI Governance, Policy, and Regulation in Africa.” They unpack key highlights from the event from transformative discussions on AI policy and ethical frameworks to the challenges and opportunities shaping Africa’s digital future.
The conversation also dives into the newly launched State of AI in Africa 2025 Report, which maps the evolving AI landscape across the continent. From growing government strategies to rising startup innovation and infrastructure investment, the report paints a picture of progress while also acknowledging the governance and access gaps that remain.
Key highlights
Key Themes from COSAA 2025
– Responsible and ethical AI governance in Africa
– Policy and regulatory developments across the continent
– Building frameworks tailored to Africa’s unique social and economic contextInsights from the State of AI in Africa 2025 Report
– Rapid growth in government-led AI strategies and national frameworks
– Expansion of local startups and regional AI solutions
– Infrastructure investment and capacity building as key priorities
– Ongoing challenges in regulation, ethics, and access to data and resourcesAfrica’s AI TrajectoryDon’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
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Episode Overview:
In this episode of the Friendly Troll Podcast, we tackle the pressing issue of Technology Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) in Kenya. Florence Ogonjo and Doreen Abiero, researchers at CIPIT, joined by Cherie Oyier from KICTANET, share their insights on the various forms of TFGBV, its prevalence in Kenya, and its impact on survivors. We also discuss the existing legal frameworks, the challenges faced by victims, and the role of technology companies in combating this issue. Join us for a comprehensive discussion aimed at raising awareness and fostering advocacy for change.
Key Highlights:
Definition and scope of TFGBV, including online harassment, cyberbullying, and non-consensual sharing of images.Current landscape and statistics on TFGBV in Kenya.Personal stories illustrating the psychological, social, and economic impacts on survivors.Overview of existing laws, including the Data Protection Act and Cyber Crimes Act, and their limitations.Current interventions by government and NGOs, along with best practices for supporting survivors.Evidence-based recommendations for policy changes and advocacy efforts.Resources:
Safeguarding Women Online: Addressing TFGBV in KenyaThe National Gender-Based Violence Toll-Free Helpline - 1195National Gender and Equality Commission Hotline toll-free line 0800730999 Mombasa County Gender-Based Violence Technical Working Group phone line 0800720587Listen Now:
Tune in to this critical conversation and learn how you can get involved in advocating against TFGBV. Don’t forget to subscribe for more episodes!
Music:
Intro/Outro – https://pixabay.com/music/id-102694/
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In this episode, Dr. Melissa Omino is joined by Dr. Desmond Oriakhogba, an Associate Professor at The University of the Western Cape. Dr. Oriakhogba is an expert in Intellectual Property and Competition Law. Dr. Omino and Dr. Oriakhogba have an in-depth discussion on Dr. Oriakhogba’s book, The Right to Research in Africa: Exploring the Interface between Copyright and Human Rights. The book explores the intersection and manifestation of tensions between intellectual property rights and human rights, focusing on the conflict between Copyright and the Right to Research in light of the African context.
The book has five chapters and is written in accessible language. It is framed to target a broad audience, offering insights for law and policymakers, judges, lawyers, researchers, students, and the general public.
Resources
Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA) of 1992 (the "Sony Act")https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/1623/text
Sony Corp. of Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc. in 1984
https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/sonycorp-universal-1984.pdf
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20828/volume-828-I-11850-English.pdf
The Right to Research-Arjun Appadura
https://docs.ufpr.br/~clarissa/pdfs/Research_AppaduraiA.pdf
Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don't Mix
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/
General Comment No. 25 (2020) On Article 15: Science and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-comment-no-25-2020-article-15-science-and
AU Agenda 2063
https://au.int/en/agenda2063/sdgs#:~:text=and%20children's%20rights-,4.,empower%20all%20women%20and%20girls.
Springer Briefs In Law Series
https://www.springer.com/series/10164
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Katika kipindi hiki cha "The Friendly Troll," msimulizi Calvin Mulindwa anachunguza kwa kina haki za picha nchini Kenya, akiangazia msingi wao wa kisheria na athari zake katika dunia halisi. Kipindi hiki kinachambua maana ya haki za picha, pamoja na haki ya kudhibiti matumizi ya sura ya mtu katika maeneo ya umma na biashara.
Calvin anajadili sheria muhimu kama vile Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Data ya Kenya ya 2019 na Ibara ya 31 ya Katiba, akielezea jukumu lao katika kulinda faragha binafsi. Kupitia kesi muhimu kama vile Wangechi Waweru Mwende dhidi ya Tecno Mobile Limited na Jessica Clarise Wanjiru dhidi ya Davinci Aesthetics, kipindi hiki kinaonyesha jinsi mahakama zilivyoshughulikia ukiukwaji wa haki hizi, ikisisitiza umuhimu wa ridhaa wazi na matumizi halali ya picha binafsi. Majadiliano pia yanatoa ushauri wa vitendo kwa watu binafsi na wadhibiti na wasindikaji wa data juu ya kuheshimu na kulinda haki za picha katika mazingira ya kidijitali na biashara.Malalamiko Yaliyoorodheshwa:
Phyllis Nyaboke dhidi ya Grola Tech Limited T/A Lion Cash - Ukiukaji wa kutopata ridhaa ya moja kwa moja.Brian Wainaina na Gathoni Mattai dhidi ya Deltech Capital Kenya Limited T/A Mykes - Kushindwa kutoa taarifa inayofaa kuhusu matumizi ya data, ikisababisha uvunjaji wa faragha.Edith Andeso dhidi ya Shule za Olerai Limited - Masuala kuhusu usimamizi wa ridhaa endelevu kwa madhumuni ya masoko.Christine Wairimu Muturi dhidi ya Shule ya Roma Uthiru - Mahitaji ya ridhaa wazi ya wazazi kwa usindikaji wa data za watoto wadogo.Sheria Zilizonukuliwa:
Ibara ya 31. Katiba ya Kenya Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Data ya 2019. Uamuzi wa Mahakama ya Kenya: Wangechi Waweru Mwende dhidi ya Tecno Mobile Limited [2020]
Image Rights - Release Form Information Pack
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In this episode of "The Friendly Troll," host Calvin Mulindwa delves into the intricacies of image rights in Kenya, focusing on their legal basis and real-world implications. The episode explores what image rights entail, including the right to control the use of one's likeness in public and commercial domains. Calvin discusses key legislation such as the Kenyan Data Protection Act of 2019 and Article 31 of the Constitution, highlighting their role in protecting personal privacy.
Through landmark cases like Wangechi Waweru Mwende v Tecno Mobile Limited and Jessica Clarise Wanjiru v Davinci Aesthetics, the episode illustrates how the courts have addressed violations of these rights, emphasizing the importance of explicit consent and the lawful use of personal images. The discussion also provides practical advice for individuals and data controllers and processors on respecting and securing image rights in digital and commercial settings.Complaints Listed:
Phyllis Nyaboke v Grola Tech Limited T/A Lion Cash - Violation for not obtaining direct consent.Brian Wainaina and Gathoni Mattai v Deltech Capital Kenya Limited T/A Mykes - Failure to properly inform about data use, leading to privacy infringement.Edith Andeso v Olerai Schools Limited - Issues regarding ongoing consent management for marketing purposes.Christine Wairimu Muturi v Roma School Uthiru - Requirement for explicit parental consent for processing minors' data.Laws Quoted:
Article 31. Constitution of KenyaData Protection Act of 2019.Kenyan Court Decision: Wangechi Waweru Mwende v Tecno Mobile Limited [2020]Image Rights - Release Form Information Pack
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In this episode Florence Ogonjo is joined by Dr. Nomalanga Mashinini a senior lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand, where she facilitates the LLM Cyberlaw course. Dr. Nomalanga is founder and host of the podcast ‘Image Rights by N Mashinini’. Florence and Nomalanga have an in-depth discussion on the foundational basics of image rights and how social media has changed how image rights is perceived both in Kenya and South Africa.
Resources
Legal Protections for Image Rights in Kenya
https://cipit.strathmore.edu/legal-protections-for-image-rights-in-kenya/#:~:text=Simply%2C%20image%20rights%20are%20an,their%20signature%20or%20biometric%20data
Understanding the Law in Upholding Image Rights: Perspectives form Around the World and Kenya
https://cipit.strathmore.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Image-Rights-
Report200923_compressed.pdf
Image Rights by NMashinini
https://www.linkedin.com/company/irbymashinini/about/
The Image Rights Over Social Media Profile: Whose Identity is it Anyway?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370577929_The_Image_Rights_Over_Social_Media_Profile_Whose_Identity_is_it_Anyway
Image Rights Release Form Info-pack
https://cipit.strathmore.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IRRF-InfoPack-2.pdf
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In this exciting episode, CIPIT’s very own researcher Natasha Karanja explores the groundbreaking impact of machine learning in revolutionising healthcare across the African continent. Join us on a journey through cutting-edge applications, from predictive diagnostics to personalised treatment plans, as we showcase how AI is enhancing medical outcomes and bridging healthcare gaps.
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In this thought-provoking episode, Florence Ogonjo explores the intersection between Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights. Join us as we unravel the ethical complexities, challenges, and promises that arise when cutting-edge technology meets the core tenets of our shared humanity. Through real-world examples, this episode dissects the potential of AI to both empower and infringe upon human rights. How do we safeguard against biases embedded in algorithms? Can AI be harnessed as a force for positive social change? These questions and more guide our exploration as we navigate the ethical terrain of AI deployment.
Resources
1. Documentary: Coded Bias
2. Stakeholder Framework - AI in Africa: Framing AI through an African Lens
3. Stakeholder Dashboard
4. Recommended Reading: You Look Like a Thing and I Love You - Janel Shane
5. CIPIT AI Tab
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In this episode, CIPIT Researcher, Josephine Kaaniru, gives a brief overview of what Responsible AI entails. Join her on a journey that highlights the looming AI threats like bias and the dangers of AI in conflict situations, navigates the guiding principles shaping responsible AI, and imagines the contours of an African Responsible AI framework designed to meet the unique challenges and opportunities of this dynamic technological frontier.
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In this episode hosted by Doreen Abiero, the spotlight is on the intersection of AI, internet security, and content censorship in Kenya. The narrative unfolds as AI serves as a vigilant guardian, navigating the delicate balance between freedom of expression and safety, highlighted by the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act. The ongoing debate around regulating social media platforms adds complexity to the struggle. The episode emphasizes the crucial role of collaboration between the government, tech companies, and civil society, underscoring the need for cultural sensitivity in AI. It concludes by emphasizing the pivotal role of digital literacy in navigating the evolving landscape of online security in Kenya.
Resources:
1. CIPIT AI Tab
2. Report: State of AI in Africa Report 2023
3. Legislation: The Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act, 2018
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In this episode Florence Ogonjo is joined by a guest Adeboro Odunlami of AIRA (Africa Internet Rights Alliance) as they focus on the trends and insights noted in digital rights in Africa throughout the year. They also look at challenges faced by digital rights activists and the future of digital rights in the continent.
Resources
Africa Internet Rights Alliance - AIRA
https://aira.africa/
Contextualizing Political Advertising Policy to Political Microtargeting in the Nigeria Elections
https://cipit.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Contextualizing-Political-Advertising-Policy-to-Political-Microtargeting-in-the-Nigeria-Elections_compressed.pdf
Music:
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In this episode, CIPIT researchers, Josephine Kaaniru and Dan Allan Kipkoech answer the question on all of our minds; Will ChatGPT take my job? The researchers begin by introducing Chatgpt, especially in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI). They then consider how ChatGPT has influenced work so far, with real life examples of both positive and negative impacts on labour. Finally, they consider the potential impact of ChatGPT and similar Large Language Models (LLMs) on work, considering both the optimist and the cautious perspectives.
Resources (Blogs):
https://fortune.com/2023/06/12/asana-ceo-ai-make-work-more-human-tech-careers-dustin-moskovitz/https://fortune.com/2023/06/13/chatgpt-like-human-language-robots-linguistics-artificial-intelligence/https://fortune.com/education/articles/a-i-is-coming-for-the-jobs-youd-least-expect-and-it-means-everybody-needs-new-skills-coursera-ceo-says/https://techcrunch.com/2023/08/24/chatgpt-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-open-ai-powered-chatbot/Music:
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In this episode, CIPIT’s very own researcher Natasha Karanja explores the transformative impact of Public Interest Technology (PIT) and its role in shaping a more inclusive and responsive digital future. Join us and gain insights into the principles guiding the development of technology that serves the public interest and learn how you can be part of the movement to build a more socially conscious tech landscape.
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In this exciting episode , CIPIT’s very own researcher Natasha Karanja takes us on a journey of exploring the historical roots of AI through an imperialist lens. The episode aims to explore the imperialist nature of AI and how it has shaped the trajectory of its development. The episode uncovers the geopolitical forces and power dynamics that have influenced the development of AI. Sit back and let us go on this exciting journey.
Resources:
Blogs
1. Artificial Intelligence and its Imperialist Roots
2. From Colonial Legacy to AI Progress: Re-defining Gender and Data Protection in Africa
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In this episode, Florence Ogonjo delves into the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence within the hallowed halls of the judiciary. Join us as we unravel the intricate tapestry of AI applications in legal processes and the profound implications for justice systems. Discover the promises and challenges as we navigate the fine line between efficiency and ethical considerations. Can AI truly enhance justice delivery, or does it risk perpetuating biases? What safeguards are in place to ensure transparency and accountability? This episode addresses the future implications of leveraging AI and the potential for AI to revolutionize legal proceedings, offering a more accessible and equitable justice system for all.
Resources
Blog post - AI in the Judicial System: Possible Uses and Ethical Considerations
Journal Paper: Utilizing AI to Improve Efficiency of the Environment and Land Court in the Kenyan Judiciary
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Listen to Doreen Abiero in this captivating episode as we unravel the story of Data Rights and Governance for Ethical AI in Africa. Encounter the digital divide as a formidable adversary and Africa's cultural diversity as the unexpected hero. This episode explores the implementation of ethical AI frameworks, a pivotal chapter shaped by government collaboration. Through inspiring tales in healthcare and agriculture, we witness innovation transforming lives. Concluding with Africa's potential to lead in responsible AI adoption, this episode is a riveting narrative where technology, ethics, and society intersect. Tune in for a concise and engaging journey.
Resources
Report: The New Wave of eHealth: AI and Privacy Concerns? A Case Study of Kenya
Report: State of AI in Africa Report 2023
Music:
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