Episodes
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In this episode of Thinking Fellows, Dr. Scott Keith and Caleb Keith discuss the state of Christianity in Finland with pastor and youth director Toni Kokkonen. The conversations examines how Lutheranism shaped Finnish culture and identity, the challenges posed by secularization and debates within the Finnish state church, and the role of confessional renewal movements seeking to remain faithful to Scripture. Despite cultural and ecclesial challenges, the episode highlights encouraging signs among younger generations who are deeply engaged with theology, worship, and the future of Lutheran Christianity in Finland.
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New Books from 1517 Publishing:
By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
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Did the Apostle Paul invent Christianity? Did his teachings contradict the message of Jesus? These claims have become increasingly common in popular books, documentaries, podcasts, and online discussions. The Fellows refute this idea and present compelling reasons to see and believe that the New Testament speaks with one voice.
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New Books from 1517 Publishing:
By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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The Thinking Fellows discuss proclimation, apologetics, and epistemology. What does it mean that the Christian faith is certain? How does certainty of God's word differ from analytic certainty like mathmatics? The certainty of the Christian faith comes from a divine word of promise that points us to the death and ressurection of Christ for both knowledge and faith.
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1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
New Books from 1517 Publishing:
By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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Caleb Keith and John Hoyum discuss the content and purpose of the Athanasian Creed. What is this third ecumenical creed, and why do Lutherans still confess it today?
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"America was designed to destroy baptism" is a famous quote from Dr. Steven Paulson and his appearance on the Thinking Fellows live show in 2017. Caleb and Scott are joined by Dan van Voorhis to examine the truth behind Dr. Paulson's statement. Together, they explore the rejection of infant baptism in American Protestantism and how this shift has often turned faith and knowledge into meritorious works within Protestant theology.
Show Notes:
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What's New from 1517:
By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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The Thinking Fellows examine one of Christianity's most difficult and avoided topics: hell. In a world where many people either explain hell away or imagine it through the lens of Dante and Milton rather than Scripture, the Fellows discuss what Christians can seriously and straightforwardly confess about eternal judgment. Looking especially to the teaching and ministry of Jesus Christ, the conversation explores how Christians can speak honestly about hell without falling into speculation, sensationalism, or silence.
Show Notes:
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Taking Hell Seriously1517 Podcasts
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What's New from 1517:
By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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The Thinking Fellows examine a common question about the Christian life and God's power and plans.
What are common mistakes made when talking about God ordaining or planning the events and conditions in our lives? In what ways is it true that God has a plan for you? The conversation leads people toward the finished work of Christ and God's means of communication to his people.
Show Notes:
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What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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The Bible is clear that angels exist. The question for Christians is: what does the Church need to confess about angels? What do popular depictions of guardian angels or miraculous encounters with angels get right and wrong? The Fellows outline the biblical depiction of angels and present a positive picture of how God uses them to accomplish His purposes.
Show Notes:
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What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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Contemporary Christianity often ignores or understates the realities and existence of spiritual warfare and spiritual beings. The naturalistic Western world views these things as superstitious. How can Christians talk about the existence and work of demons without being sensationalized? The Thinking Fellows discuss demons in plain and simple terms, encouraging fellow believers to do the same. Yes, demons are real, but Christians do not need to be afraid because we already possess victory over them.
Show Notes:
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1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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Adam Francisco, Bruce Hilman, and Caleb Keith discuss just war theology. Just war attempts to give Christians a framework within which their conscience can find comfort as rulers, soldiers, and citizens carrying out their vocations. Just war theology can be a useful tool, but it also has limits. Most importantly, participation in a just war does not justify the sinner. Justification happens apart from any just fulfillment of our vocations.
Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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What is the difference between habitually missing church or removing it from your life, and simply missing a service? In this episode, the Thinking Fellows discuss the essential nature of gathering together as the Church while also considering how to admonish attendance without attacking faithful members who occasionally miss services.
Show Notes:
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1517 Podcasts
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1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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Did Jesus, in his ministry and preaching, ever claim to be God? Many anti-Christian voices today promote the false idea that Jesus neither claimed divinity nor sought to convince his followers of it. This video offers a clear, accessible overview of how the Gospels present Jesus' divine nature—and how his words and works fulfill that claim.
Show Notes:
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What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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Scott and Caleb are joined by Magnus Persson to talk about what it means to be confessional. Magnus discusses the importance of the Lutheran Confessions and how the church is called to be both evangelical and catholic in its mission. A confessional church proclaims the Gospel while upholding the universal truths and gifts God gives to the church to proclaim and teach.
Show Notes:
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What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
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The Thinking Fellows discuss various projects, essays, and books they have been working on. The connecting theme is how to proclaim and teach the Gospel in a post-Christian society: comforting and sustaining the members of the Church while announcing the death and resurrection of Christ to a world in need.
Show Notes:
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Being FamilyArticle by Caleb
Apologetics Confrence1517 on Youtube
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1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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The Thinking Fellows list and discuss reasons to embrace Lutheranism in 2026. The hosts take turns outlining the compelling distinctives of the Lutheran confession of faith, from the Christ-centered nature of Lutheran theology to the shape and content of worship, the place of children in the life of the Church, and the doctrine of vocation.
Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
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1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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In this episode of the Thinking Fellows podcast, Caleb Keith, Bruce Hillman, Adam Francisco, and Scott Keith discuss the new book 'A Reasoned Defense of the Faith' from 1517 publishing. The conversation explores the role of apologetics in addressing contemporary religious challenges, particularly focusing on Islam and the importance of positive apologetics.
Order the Book!
Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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How can you know who the Antichrist is, or when he is coming?
Many predictions focus on hidden signs, secret symbols, and unfolding world events. But Scripture speaks far less sensationally: the Antichrist has come, is here, and will continue to arise wherever powers, religions, and worldviews deny the person and work of Jesus Christ.Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco
Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
-
Christians should be prepared to give clear and faithful answers to hard questions about what they believe. When it comes to abortion, many Christians hold strong biblical convictions, yet find themselves stumbling when those convictions are challenged or pressed in conversation. In this episode, the Thinking Fellows address serious and common questions surrounding abortion questions about law, life, conscience, and forgiveness.
Show Notes:
Being Family by Dr. Scott KeithSupport 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
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1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes
Face to Face: A Novel of the Reformation by Amy Mantravadi
Untamed Prayers: 365 Daily Devotions on Christ in the Book of Psalms by Chad Bird
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
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Chad Bird joins the Thinking Fellows to challenge the popular idea that the Old Testament is a mysterious book filled with hidden codes and secret meanings waiting to be unlocked. Together, they examine the motivations and theological presuppositions that drive these approaches and why they often distort how Christians read Scripture. In contrast, the conversation offers a constructive vision for Old Testament study; one that emphasizes historical context, literary awareness, and the value of the original languages as gifts that clarify, rather than conceal, God's Word.
Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts
1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes
Face to Face: A Novel of the Reformation by Amy Mantravadi
Untamed Prayers: 365 Daily Devotions on Christ in the Book of Psalms by Chad Bird
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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In this episode of the Thinking Fellows podcast, Caleb Keith, Adam Francisco, Scott Keith, and Bruce Hillman discuss the ethics of self-defense from a Christian perspective. They explore the moral complexity of using deadly force, particularly in situations involving the defense of oneself or others. The conversation highlights the doctrine of vocation and the tension between civil responsibility and Christian witness. Drawing on personal experiences, the hosts reflect on the difficulty of making ethical decisions under extreme pressure and ultimately emphasize the Christian's dependence on Christ's forgiveness—even when actions may be morally justified.
Thinking Fellows:
Show Notes:
Support 1517 Podcast Network
1517 Podcasts
1517 on Youtube
1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts
1517 Events Schedule
1517 Academy - Free Theological Education
What's New from 1517:
Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith
The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation
Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes
Face to Face: A Novel of the Reformation by Amy Mantravadi
Untamed Prayers: 365 Daily Devotions on Christ in the Book of Psalms by Chad Bird
More from the hosts:
Caleb Keith
Scott Keith
Adam Francisco
Bruce Hilman
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