Episódios
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This is part 2 of my interview with Philip Haig Nitschke, who is an Australian humanist, author, former physician, and founder and director of the pro-euthanasia group Exit International.
Website: https://www.exitinternational.net/about-exit/dr-philip-nitschke/
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the future of the Sarco suicide pod, the use of AI to assess decision-making capacity, and Nitschke's proposal for an implantable device that will release a toxin to cause a person's death.
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You can support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/chenphilosophy
Philip Haig Nitschke is an Australian humanist, author, former physician, and founder and director of the pro-euthanasia group Exit International.
Website: https://www.exitinternational.net/about-exit/dr-philip-nitschke/
Summary:In this interview, we discuss why Dr. Nitschke is supportive of assisted suicide. Essentially, he believes suicide is every rational person's right. Nitschke is so supportive of suicide that he invented a suicide pod that people can 3D print. We also discuss hard cases—euthanasia in the case of infants, people with advanced dementia, and psychiatric patients. Interestingly, Nitschke is more supportive of assisted suicide than euthanasia because he thinks patients should take responsibility for their own decision to die.
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Professor Chandran Kukathas is Lee Kong Chian Chair Professor of Political Science at School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University.
Website: https://faculty.smu.edu.sg/profile/chandran-kukathas-1946
Book: https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691189680/immigration-and-freedom
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Kukathas's book, Immigration and Freedom, in which he argues that while immigration is often seen as a danger to Western liberal democracies because it threatens to undermine their fundamental values, most notably freedom and national self-determination, the greater threat comes not from immigration but from immigration control. We also discuss the legitimate concerns that some citizens have about immigrants receiving governmental assistance, the lowering of wages, the change in culture, assimilation, and the role of xenophobia in anti-immigrant sentiments.
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Kevin Yuill is Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Sunderland.
Website: https://twitter.com/historykev
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Assisted-Suicide-Liberal-Humanist-Legalization/dp/1137286296
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Yuill's argument against the legalization of assisted suicide. First, he believes we have a misconception of the dying process that overexaggerates the suffering that most people fear. Second, he believes legalization will pressure people to end their own lives in order to avoid being a burden on others. And third, he believes that we ought to prevent people from dying when we can because, except in extreme situations, we should assume that being alive is a good thing.
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Dr. Stubbs is a philosopher and a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts Boston & The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET).
Website: https://www.alecstubbs.info/
Article: https://psyche.co/ideas/the-achievement-society-is-burning-us-out-we-need-more-play
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Stubb's argument that our capitalist society's focus on achievement leads to burnout and that we need structural change to enable us to incorporate more play into our lives. We discuss how best to define achievement and play, and why a socialist society could better allow for more autotelic activity—that is, activity that is done for its own sake.
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Alex Guerrero is a Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University.
Website: http://www.alexguerrero.org/Book: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lottocracy-Democracy-Elections-Alexander-Guerrero/dp/0198938985
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Guerrero's proposal for a lottocracy, which is a political system where the policymakers are picked via a lottery and would serve 3-year terms. Guerrero argues this would be better than a democracy with elections because it removes the need to raise money to get reelected. It also allows the policymakers to focus on long-term issues that are normally ignored in an election system where candidates must worry about the next election cycle.
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Chris Freiman is a professor in the John Chambers College of Business and Economics at West Virginia University.
Website: https://cafreiman.people.wm.edu/Site/Home.html
Summary:In this interview, Freiman addresses three common criticisms against libertarianism. (1) Libertarianism doesn’t allow for redistribution/do enough to alleviate poverty. (2) Libertarianism allows the rich to dominate politics. And (3) libertarianism doesn’t allow for sensible paternalism.
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Eric Mathison is professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto Scarborough.
Website: https://www.ericmathison.ca/
Summary:In this interview, Mathison proposes a non-medical model of assisted dying. The current, dominant model requires patients to get approval from healthcare providers before getting access to assisted suicide and euthanasia. This is problematic for a couple of reasons. First, there's a theoretical problem - namely, it's paternalistic because it requires a healthcare professional to be convinced that the patient is suffering intolerably. And second, there's a practical problem because there aren't enough healthcare professionals who provide the service. In response to these problems, Mathison believes that (1) the only requirement that a patient needs to meet is that they are making an autonomous choice, and (2) that non-medical personnel should be able to assist in their deaths.
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David Boonin is a philosophy professor at the University of Colorado Boulder. Professor Boonin’s interests lie in the areas of applied ethics, ethical theory, and the history of ethics.
Website: https://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/people/faculty/david-boonin
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Dead-Wrong-Ethics-Posthumous-Harm/dp/0198842104
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Boonin's claim that the dead can be harmed. He takes a desire-satisfactionist stance on the nature of well-being, which essentially means that our well-being consists of getting our desires fulfilled. Since we can have desires toward things after we die, it follows that those desires can be frustrated after we die. This means that when said desires are frustrated, our well-being states when we are alive are negatively affected.
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Jonathan Judaken is Professor of History at Washington University in St. Louis.
Website: https://history.wustl.edu/people/jonathan-judaken
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Critical-Theories-Anti-Semitism-Directions-Theory-ebook/dp/B0CQRWFGVM
Summary:In this interview, we discuss a number of topics surrounding anti-semitism including where it comes from and why it persists. I also ask Judaken what the Charlottesville protesters meant when they chanted, "Jews will not replace us."
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Holly Lawford-Smith is an Associate Professor in Political Philosophy in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne.
Website: https://hollylawford-smith.org/
Summary:In this interview, we discuss Lawford-Smith's views on the Olympic boxing controversy. She finds herself disagreeing with most other gender-critical feminists on this particular issue in that we should not be calling these boxers men. There is an important distinction between trans people and people with differences in sex development that renders this issue more complicated and nuanced than many others think.
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Joanna Harper, PhD is a post-doc at Oregon Health & Sciences University.
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the Olympic boxing controversy. According to Harper, differences in sex development (DSD) may give an unfair advantage to a boxer, but without knowing what kind of DSD, we cannot say for certain. If Harper were in charge of the rules, she would want to determine what kind DSD a particular boxer had, and if it were the case that a boxer had a DSD that gave them an unfair advantage, they would have to take testosterone suppressants. Harper highlights the difficulty of this situation and acknowledges that many people will be unhappy with the rules either way.
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Dr. Daryl Davis is an international recording artist who has performed and toured all 50 States and around the world. As a race relations expert Dr. Daryl Davis has received numerous awards and high acclaim for his book Klan-Destine Relationships and his award-winning film documentary Accidental Courtesy. He is the first Black author to write a book on the Ku Klux Klan based upon in-person interviews and personal encounters.
Website: https://www.daryldavis.com/
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Klan-destine-Relationships-Daryl-Davis/dp/0882822691
Summary:In this interview, we discuss why some people become white supremacists, the notion of racial pride, George Floyd, and reparations.
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David Magnus, PhD is Thomas A. Raffin Professor of Medicine and Biomedical Ethics and Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine.
Website: https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-magnus
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the ethics of normothermic regional perfusion. NRP involves using a machine to pass blood through organs in a person’s body after the heart has irreversibly stopped beating. Vessels are clamped during this procedure to prevent blood flow to the brain. As a surgical procedure NRP shows a positive impact on utility by reducing non-use of organs without negatively impacting patient outcomes. However, the fact that NRP involves recirculation after declaration of death by circulatory criteria raises concerns about compliance with the Dead Donor Rule and nonmaleficence (do no harm).
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Jason Brennan is Robert J. and Elizabeth Flanagan Family Professor of Strategy, Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University.
Website: https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014RXIUAA4/jason-brennan
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Against-Democracy-Jason-Brennan/dp/0691162603
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the problems with democracy and Brennan's proposal for a better system. The main issue with democracy is the fact that voters do not vote based on what is in their interest; instead, they vote based on tribe membership. Brennan's proposal is to administer an enlightened preference system in which voters (1) say what they want, (2) share who they are, and (3) demonstrate how much they know about politics. The goal of such a system is to use empirical methods to extrapolate from that data what an ideally informed and rational voter would have voted for.
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Dr. Smith is a professor of philosophy at the University of New England. He earned his M.A. from Antioch University and his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of London, Kings College.
Website: https://www.davidlivingstonesmith.com/
Summary:In this video, we discuss Smith's analysis of the attempted assassination of Trump. We also discuss if the left has used dehumanizing language against Trump by using the terms "fascist" and "fascism."
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Dr. Smith is a professor of philosophy at the University of New England. He earned his M.A. from Antioch University and his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of London, Kings College.
Website: https://www.davidlivingstonesmith.com/
Book: https://www.amazon.com/Making-Monsters-Uncanny-Power-Dehumanization/dp/0674545567
Summary:In this interview, Prof. Smith explores the philosophical and psychological roots of dehumanization. Smith argues that when we dehumanize our enemy, we hold two incongruous beliefs at the same time: we believe our enemy is at once subhuman and fully human. To call someone a monster, then, is not merely a resort to metaphor—dehumanization really does happen in our minds. Smith also discusses how dehumanization is used by leaders to manipulate a group to attain certain goals.
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Professor Thaddeus Mason Pope is a foremost expert on medical law and clinical ethics. He maintains a special focus on patient rights, healthcare decision making, and end-of-life options.
Website: https://www.thaddeuspope.com/home.html
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the ethics of voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED), which is an end-of-life option that some people choose to cause their own deaths. One issue we focus on is VSED and advance directives and the possibility that a person may express contrary wishes (from their earlier self) when suffering from dementia.
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Prof. Holly Lawford-Smith is an Associate Professor in Political Philosophy in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne.
Website: https://hollylawford-smith.org/
Book: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/sex-matters-9780192896131?q=sex%20matters&lang=en&cc=au
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the topics of sex and gender from a gender-critical perspective. Topics include gender abolition and female-only spaces. I put to her a list of questions that are either things I don't agree with or understand in the gender-critical position, or objections I have from trans friends and colleagues, including those from guests I have previously interviewed.
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Professor Savulescu is the Chen Su Lan Centennial Professor in Medical Ethics at the National University of Singapore, where he directs the Centre for Biomedical Ethics. An award-winning ethicist and moral philosopher, he trained in neuroscience, medicine, and philosophy, going on to hold the Uehiro Chair in Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford from 2002, where he founded the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics in 2003, before moving to NUS in 2022.
Website: https://medicine.nus.edu.sg/cbme/people_uri/julian-ssavulescu/
Summary:In this interview, we discuss the concept of human enhancement and its ethical implications. Julian Savulescu is known to be in favor of enhancing our capacities because he believes it can increase our well-being. He finds increasing our health span to be particularly important. We also discuss the relationship between human enhancement and disability. Savulescu states that while it is true that much of the disadvantage that people with disabilities experience is due to a lack of accommodations, some disabilities still lower human well-being. Relatedly, Savulescu says that his proposal is in some sense eugenics but not like the eugenics of the past.
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