Episódios

  • IV Agents to Improve Echo Images, Value, and Safe Administration

    Guest: Jeremy Thaden, M.D.

    Guest: Mays Ali, M.D.

    Hosts: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

    In this podcast we will review current and evolving indications for UEA use in the clinical and research setting. They will review Mayo Clinic’s practice for UEA administration, commonly encountered UEA side-effects, and appropriate management strategies.

    Topics Discussed:

    What are the indications to use ultrasound enhancement agent (UEA) in your clinical practice and how are they useful?Who administers the UEA in your clinical practice?Are there potential side effects of UEA that one should be aware of?What is the appropriate management of side effects and how does the echo lab manage them when they arise?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Cardioneural Ablation - A Promising Treatment Strategy for Refractory Vasovagal Syncope

    Guest: Guru G. Kowlgi, M.B.B.S.

    Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

    The learners will get an overview of how to diagnose and manage vasovagal syncope. In addition, they will gain an understanding of cardioneural ablation, which is a promising new catheter ablation treatment option for these patients.

    Topics Discussed

    What is vasovagal syncope (VVS)?How do we diagnose vasovagal syncope?What are some treatment strategies for VVS (including a discussion on cardioneural ablation and the use of pacemakers)?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

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  • Pre-Pregnancy Risk Assessment for CV Patients

    Guest: Katie A. Young, M.D.

    Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

    In this podcast we will review the importance of specialized care in Cardiovascular Obstetrics and the role of the Pregnancy Heart Team in pregnancy risk assessment and pre-conception counseling.

    Topics Discussed:

    With maternal mortality rates being 2 fold higher in the US compared to other developed countries, how can we work to decrease maternal mortality rates?How can we best estimate maternal cardiovascular and obstetric risks?Who should be counseled against pursuing pregnancy?What other testing do we consider as important components of the pre-conception evaluation?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Cardio-oncology: What is the Big Picture, What Drugs to Use, and What Tests to Follow

    Guest: Chadi Ayoub, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

    Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

    In this podcast, we will describe more frequent cardiotoxic effects associated with cancer therapies. Identify imaging modalities that can be used to detect and evaluate cardiotoxicity and common adverse cardiac events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. As well review currently available treatment options to address cardiovascular toxicity.

    Topics Discussed:

    What are the main chemotherapy agents that cause cardiotoxicity?What testing can be done to screen for and diagnose cardiotoxicity, and when should it be done?What can be done to address cardio-toxicity when it arises? What treatments are available, and how can we minimize interruptions to cancer therapy?Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the care of some cancers, what cardiac toxicities are there and what have we learned about them from study of our patients?How does radiation therapy affect the heart, and what can be done to minimize this?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Clinical Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow Using PET

    Guest: Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, M.D.

    Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

    In this podcast, we will describe the clinical applications of PET MBF quantitation and discuss the strengths and limitations of PET MBF quantification.

    Topics Discussed:

    Why has PET myocardial perfusion imaging seen such growth?You mentioned the ability of PET to measure myocardial blood flow. Why is this crucial?So, should myocardial blood flow measurement be standard in all PET MPI studies? Does it require special equipment or extra time?Are there specific values to remember for PET flow quantification?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • 3D Visualization of the Heart in Immersive Technology Like Mixed Reality

    Guest: Dr. Klaudia Proniewska

    Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

    The most commonly applied way of teaching students the foundations of human anatomy and physiology involves textbooks and lectures. This method of transmitting knowledge causes difficulties for students, especially in the context of three-dimensional imaging of organ structures, and as a consequence, translates into difficulties with imagining them. Even with the rapid uptake of knowledge dissemination provided by online materials, including courses and webinars, there is a clear need for learning programs featuring first-hand immersive experiences tailored to individual study paces. In my research, I present an approach to enhance a classical study program by combining multi-modality data and representing them in a Mixed Reality (MR)-based environment. The advantages of the proposed approach have been proven by the conducted investigation of the relationship between heart anatomy, its electrophysiological characteristics, and resulting wave morphology on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Another part of the research focuses on the role of the anatomy of the heart, e.g., the sinoatrial node, in ECG formation, while the MR-based visualization of combined imaging data with non-invasive CineECG (by Peter van Dam) imaging demonstrates the educational application of these advanced technologies for teaching cardiac anatomy and ECG correlations.

    Topics Discussed

    Can you explain why three-dimensional structures are important to teach electrophysiology of the heart?How does the electrocardiogram (ECG) relate to heart anatomy, and why is this relationship fundamental in understanding cardiac electrophysiology? Give an example.Have you implemented any innovative teaching methods or technologies to enhance the learning experience in cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology? If so, can you describe their impact?In your experience, what are the most effective ways to convey complex 3D structures and dynamic processes in cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology to students or professionals?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Marfan Surgery

    Guest: Alberto Pochettino, M.D.

    Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

    Marfan syndrome is a genetic abnormality where the fibrillin protein is abnormal. That affects all collagen structures within a given individual. Phenotypic features involve ocular abnormalities such as lens dislocation and a higher risk of retinal detachment, as well as diffuse musculoskeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis, joints abnormalities, and the diffuse hyper extension of all joints. By far the most life-threatening feature in Marfan syndrome is aortic abnormality.

    Topics Discussed:

    Which patients with Marfan syndrome should be evaluated for aortic disease?Do all Marfan patients develop aortic aneurysm?What other cardiovascular abnormalities are noted in Marfan syndrome?What preventive operations are available, and what are the expected outcomes from such operations?If a Marfan patient develops a type B dissection what is the appropriate management?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and CV Risk

    Guest: Thais D. Coutinho, M.D.

    Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common and are associated with a significant increase in the risk of future cardiovascular diseases. Despite the well-established statistics, this increase in risk is not well recognized by patients or healthcare providers. The objectives of this podcast are to highlight the cardiovascular risks associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, describe strategies to identify and mitigate this risk, and identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the field.

    Topics Discussed:

    Can you explain what are the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?After a woman is diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, what are the cardiovascular consequences?How should clinicians approach a patient with history of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to understand and minimize their cardiovascular risk?Tell us about some of your research in this field.What are the major needs for new research and clinical translation in this field?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Genomics in Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies

    Guest: Naveen L. Pereira, M.D.

    Hosts: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D

    Patients with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias can have inflammatory heart disease such as myocarditis or sarcoidosis. The diagnosis is typically made by imaging studies including cardiac MRI and PET scans. However, it is critical to performed genetic testing in such patients given that genetic cardiomyopathy can often present as an inflammatory heart disease phenotype which may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.

    Topics Discussed:

    How do inflammatory cardiomyopathies typically present? When do you suspect inflammation as a cause of cardiomyopathy?How is the diagnosis typically made and is there a role for endomyocardial biopsy?Why is genetic testing important once a diagnosis of an inflammatory cardiomyopathy is made?If the genetic test is positive in these patients what the clinical implications?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Understanding ECG Waveforms: Normal vs. Abnormal

    Guest: Dr. Peter van Dam

    Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

    The ECG interpretation is majorly driven by event detection, i.e. QRS onset and end, QT time, P wave etc. From these we can determine the normal heart rhythm, and some performance measures, like heart rate etc. The ECG waveforms, however, are much less understood. This is a pity, as ECG waveforms, provide instantaneous information on the electrophysiological and structural function of the heart. In this respect it is interesting to know if there is something like a normal ECG waveform or normal PathECG (CineECG). This latter technique is a vector-based method to estimate the electrical position of a moving vector within the heart. Similar normal distributions can be created to compare to the normal ECGs.

    Topics DiscussedHow can we define a normal ECG waveform? (ECGs from healthy normal people for different age groups, I used about 6000 normal ECGs, correction for heart rate by resampling to standard QT time (400 ms for instance, these ECGs can be used to create a distribution of amplitudes and derived signals (CineECG) to compare an ECG too)What is needed for an accurate waveform comparison? (Good baseline correction, not filtering, but baseline correction) What is the onset and end of the P-wave, QRS and T wave?)Are normal ECGs waveforms different from abnormal ECG waveforms? (Of course they overlap, describe left bundle branch block, or ischemia, with long QRS or deviating ST segment )Did you use this method to classify ECGs as normal or abnormal? (results from our study (manuscript in preparation) that any QRST sequence in an ECG can be classified as abnormal with an accuracy (AUC) of more than 81%. In our study population 15% of the patients had only atrial related abnormal ECGS)

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Recurrent Pericarditis: when is surgical pericardiectomy indicated

    Guest: Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

    Hosts: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

    Upon completion of this podcast, the reviewer will understand that pericardiectomy is an important treatment option for patients with recurrent pericarditis, particularly where refractory to medical therapy. The outcomes of surgery are good with low morbidity and reduction of recurrent pericarditis episodes.

    Topics Discussed:

    Which recurrent pericarditis patients should have pericardiectomy and How effective is it?What are outcomes like after cardiac surgery in terms of efficacy and adverse outcomes?Important surgical considerations when performing pericardiectomy and how do you do it.The impact of peri-procedural immunosuppression on post-surgical outcomes.

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Surgical Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis

    Guest: Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

    Hosts: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

    Upon completion of this podcast, the reviewer will understand that pericardiectomy is an important treatment option for patients with constrictive pericarditis. Extensive and complete pericardial resection is important to ensure good surgical outcomes and resolution of heart failure.

    Topics Discussed:

    When is a pericardiectomy indicated?What are the different types of pericardiectomy?What are the most common complications related to pericardiectomy?What happens after a pericardiectomy?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Cardiogenic Shock Recognition

    Guest: Jacob C. Jentzer, M.D.

    Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

    Cardiogenic shock is a major cause of death and disability for patients with acute cardiac disease. Early recognition of cardiogenic shock is essential to allow timely intervention to avoid complications. Contemporary research and evolving definitions can facilitate the recognition of subtle manifestations of cardiogenic shock with the goal of improving patient outcomes.

    Topics Discussed:

    What are the common manifestations of cardiogenic shock that can enable early recognition?Can patients meet criteria for cardiogenic shock even if they are normotensive?How have research efforts at Mayo Clinic contributed to understanding the recognition of cardiogenic shock?Are there any systems at Mayo Clinic to facilitate early recognition of cardiogenic shock?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Embracing the Future: The Rise of E-Learning in Healthcare

    Guest: Nandan S. Anavekar, M.B., B.Ch.

    Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

    This episode delves into the dynamic world of online learning for healthcare professionals, discussing the advantages of accessibility and flexibility, but also raises concerns about the lack of teacher interaction and robust outcome studies. While the future holds promise, online learning should be seen as a valuable complement, not a replacement, for traditional methods.

    Topics DiscussedDescribe the current landscape of electronic learning environments for healthcare professionals and how they compare to traditional classroom settings.What are the primary advantages of utilizing electronic learning environments for healthcare education, particularly in terms of accessibility and flexibility?What are some of the most significant challenges and limitations associated with electronic learning for healthcare professionals, and how can these be addressed?How does electronic learning affect the learning outcomes and competence of healthcare professionals compared to traditional educational methods?In what ways have technological advancements transformed electronic learning platforms for healthcare education, and what future innovations do you foresee?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia

    Guest: Arashk Motiei, M.D.

    Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

    Chronic limb threatening ischemia is a common problem associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Patients need aggressive multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment to reduce the risk of limb loss and associated cardiovascular risk.

    Topics Discussed:

    What are the key clinical manifestations of chronic limb threatening ischemia?What is the risk of limb loss and mortality in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia?What are some diagnostic tests and what are the pitfalls of these tests?Can you give us a broad overview of revascularization for these patients?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • ECMO - Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation

    Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D.

    Hosts: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

    Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation is a mechanical life support used for severe heart, lung or heart and lung failure. Over the last decade it has grown massively in use to help us support our most ill patients to destination therapy or recovery.

    Topics Discussed:

    Can you describe some of the history of ECMO to explain how we got to present day use?Please describe some key differences in venoarterial and venovenous ECMO? What makes them different from a technical standpoint and how are they used differently for our patients?There has been some controversy recently as to the use of ECMO and survival. Can you describe where this controversy is coming from and how we think ECMO can really make a difference in survival for patients?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Lung Transplant

    Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D.

    Hosts: Malcom Bell, M.D.

    Lung transplant has evolved over the last 4 decades to be come the only “durable” treatment for end stage lung failure and pulmonary hypertension. Long-term survival remains a challenge however is improving with time while the severity of illness we can treat continues to expand

    Topics Discussed:

    What patients are we currently treating with lung transplantation and how has this changed over time.What tools have evolved over the last 10-15 years that have increased our ability to expand lung transplantation to older and more severely ill patients?What areas do you see as a focus for improvement in the next decade in the field of lung transplantation?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • All About Comparison ECGs for 12-Leads and Arrhythmias

    Guest: Ken Grauer, M.D.

    Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

    In this episode, we explore the importance of clinically correlated ECGs, including the optimal techniques for ECG comparison, the role of clinical history in this process, and the applications of comparison tracings for cardiac arrhythmias.

    Topics DiscussedWhat can we learn from clinically correlated Comparison of ECGs?What is the optimal technique for comparing one tracing with another

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • Advances in Understanding Bicuspid Aortic Valve

    Guest: Hector I. Michelena, M.D.

    Hosts: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D.

    The congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, affecting 1% of the population (2% in men and 0.5% women), with men to women ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, and it is characterized by heterogeneity of phenotypic expression and outcomes.

    Topics Discussed:

    What is bicuspid aortic valve and why is it important?What is meant by saying that it is a heterogeneous disease?What is the natural history of the disease?What are the differences between BAV AS and TAV AS? What about BAV AR and TAV AR?Are there sex differences in BAV disease?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.

  • ICI Myocarditis

    Guest: Joerg Herrmann, M.D.

    Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

    At the end of this recording, the listener will have an understanding of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their cardiovascular side effects, which include myocarditis, heart failure, and acute coronary events. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of these cardiovascular events will be discussed.

    Topics Discussed:

    What are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and for which diseases are they used?What are the most common side effects of ICIs to be aware of, especially cardiovascular side effects for our audience?How do you diagnose ICI myocarditis? What are the caveats?How do you treat ICI myocarditis? Can you resume ICI therapy once resolved?What about other CV side effects with ICI therapy? Easy to recognize, easy to manage?

    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

    LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

    No CME credit offered for this episode.

    Podcast episode transcript found here.