Эпизоды
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Researchers in Australia recently announced the launch of a new device that, they say, absorbs water from air to produce drinkable water.
澳大利亚的研究人员最近宣布推出一种新设备，他们称该设备可以从空气中吸收水来生产饮用水。
Researchers at the University of Newcastle call the device the Hydro Harvester. They said it can produce up to 1,000 liters of drinkable water a day, adding that it could be “lifesaving during drought or emergencies.”
纽卡斯尔大学的研究人员将该设备称为“水力收割机”。 他们表示，它每天可以生产多达 1,000 升饮用水，并补充说，它可以“在干旱或紧急情况下挽救生命”。
The Australian team said that unlike other atmospheric water generators, their invention works by heating air instead of cooling it.
澳大利亚团队表示，与其他大气水发生器不同，他们的发明通过加热空气而不是冷却空气来工作。
The device absorbs water from the atmosphere. Solar energy or heat from other industrial processes can be used to produce hot, wet air. After heating, the air cools, producing water for drinking or watering crops.
该装置从大气中吸收水分。 太阳能或其他工业过程产生的热量可用于生产热湿空气。 加热后，空气冷却，产生用于饮用或浇灌农作物的水。
Behdad Moghtaderi of the University of Newcastle’s Centre for Innovative Energy Technologies told VOA how the technology operates.
纽卡斯尔大学创新能源技术中心的贝达德·莫塔德里 (Behdad Moghtaderi) 向美国之音介绍了该技术的运作方式。
“Hydro Harvester uses an absorbing material to absorb and dissolve moisture from air. So…we use renewable energy..." Moghtaderi said. He added, "When you condense water contained in that air you would have the drinking water at your disposal.”
“水力收割机使用吸收材料来吸收和溶解空气中的水分。 所以……我们使用可再生能源……”莫格塔德里说。他补充说，“当你冷凝空气中的水时，你就可以使用饮用水了。”
The researchers say the device can produce enough drinking water each day for a small rural town of up to 400 people. It could also help farmers keep livestock alive during droughts.
研究人员表示，该设备每天可以为一个最多 400 人的乡村小镇生产足够的饮用水。 它还可以帮助农民在干旱期间保持牲畜的生存。
Moghtaderi said the technology could be used in parts of the world where water is limited.
莫格塔德里表示，这项技术可用于世界上水资源有限的地区。
Researchers thought their device would be useful because Australia’s climate is dry.
研究人员认为他们的设备会很有用，因为澳大利亚气候干燥。
"More than 2 billion people around the world, they are in a similar situation where they do not have access to…high-quality water and they deal with water scarcity,” Moghtaderi said
“全世界有超过 20 亿人面临着类似的情况，他们无法获得……高质量的水，并且面临着水资源短缺的问题，”Moghtaderi 说
Studies of the technology will be done in several Australian communities this year.
今年将在澳大利亚的几个社区进行这项技术的研究。
The World Economic Forum (WEF), a nonprofit group based in Switzerland, says water scarcity continues to be a problem worldwide
总部位于瑞士的非营利组织世界经济论坛 (WEF) 表示，水资源短缺仍然是世界范围内的一个问题
The WEF said getting water from the atmosphere is a “promising emergency solution that can immediately generate drinkable water using moisture in the air.”
世界经济论坛表示，从大气中获取水是一种“有前景的应急解决方案，可以利用空气中的水分立即生成饮用水。”
However, the group warns that the technology is costly. It estimates that one mid-sized device could cost between $30,000 and $50,000.
然而，该组织警告说，该技术成本高昂。 据估计，一台中型设备的成本可能在 30,000 美元到 50,000 美元之间。
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The baobab tree is a special thing to see. During the dry season, its leafless branches look like roots coming from a thick trunk. It appears as if someone took a tree from the ground, flipped it on its head and put it back into the earth.
猴面包树是一处特别值得一看的东西。 在旱季，它光秃秃的树枝看起来就像从粗大的树干上长出来的根。 看起来就像有人从地上取下一棵树，将其翻转，然后将其放回土中。
That is why the tree is sometimes called the "upside down tree."
这就是为什么这棵树有时被称为“颠倒树”。
Baobab trees grow in Madagascar, mainland Africa and Australia. The origins and history of the baobab have been something of a mystery. But a new study that looked at all eight recognized species helps tell the baobab's story.
猴面包树生长在马达加斯加、非洲大陆和澳大利亚。 猴面包树的起源和历史一直是个谜。 但一项针对所有八种已识别物种的新研究有助于讲述猴面包树的故事。
The baobab originated in Madagascar about 21 million years ago. It reached the African continent and Australia sometime in the past 12 million years, researchers found. Madagascar, an island off Africa's southeastern coast, has a large ecosystem. It is home to many kinds of plants.
猴面包树起源于大约 2100 万年前的马达加斯加。 研究人员发现，它在过去 1200 万年的某个时候到达了非洲大陆和澳大利亚。 马达加斯加是非洲东南沿海的一个岛屿，拥有庞大的生态系统。 它是多种植物的家园。
Two baobab lineages went extinct in Madagascar. But the lineages established themselves elsewhere, one in mainland Africa and one in Australia, the study showed.
马达加斯加的两个猴面包树谱系灭绝了。 但研究显示，这些谱系在其他地方建立起来，一个在非洲大陆，一个在澳大利亚。
It appears that baobab seed pods floated from Madagascar to mainland Africa, located about 400 kilometers to the west. The seeds also traveled to Australia, nearly 7,000 kilometers to the east.
看来，猴面包树的种子荚是从马达加斯加飘到了以西约 400 公里处的非洲大陆。 这些种子还到达了以东近7000公里的澳大利亚。
"The plants almost certainly got to Africa and Australia floating on or with vegetation rafts," said plant expert Tao Wan of the Wuhan Botanical Garden in China. He is one of the writers of the study, which appeared recently in the publication Nature.
中国武汉植物园的植物专家陶万说：“这些植物几乎肯定是漂浮在植被筏上或随植筏一起到达非洲和澳大利亚的。” 他是该研究的作者之一，该研究最近发表在《自然》杂志上。
Wan added that the seeds were able to travel to Australia because of the Indian Ocean gyre, an oceanic current.
万补充说，由于印度洋环流（一种洋流），这些种子能够传播到澳大利亚。
Baobab trees provide food, shelter and nesting places for wildlife, including bees, birds and various mammals. Their fruits also provide important nutrients and medicines for people. Baobab leaves can be eaten, too.
猴面包树为蜜蜂、鸟类和各种哺乳动物等野生动物提供食物、庇护所和筑巢地。 它们的果实还为人们提供重要的营养物质和药物。 猴面包树的叶子也可以吃。
The trees produce large, sweet-smelling flowers. Their sugary nectar appeals to nighttime pollinators like fruit bats and hawk moths. Their flowers also attract two kinds of primates -- lemurs in Madagascar and bush babies in Africa.
这些树会开出大而芳香的花朵。 它们含糖的花蜜吸引了果蝠和天蛾等夜间传粉者。 它们的花还吸引了两种灵长类动物——马达加斯加的狐猴和非洲的丛林宝宝。
Ilia Leitch is a plant geneticist at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in London. He is also a study co-writer. He said baobabs can grow to be very large and live for thousands of years.
伊利亚·雷奇 (Ilia Leitch) 是伦敦皇家植物园邱园的植物遗传学家。 他也是一名研究合著者。 他说猴面包树可以长得很大并且可以存活数千年。
Their very large root systems “play an important ecological role, helping to slow down soil erosion and enabling nutrient recycling,” he said.
他说，它们非常大的根系“发挥着重要的生态作用，有助于减缓土壤侵蚀并实现养分循环利用”。
Baobabs are a water source for local people during the dry season. But Africa's baobabs are at risk from elephant damage. The animals sometimes cut the tree trunks with their tusks to get water.
猴面包树是当地人旱季的水源。 但非洲的猴面包树面临着大象破坏的风险。 这些动物有时会用獠牙砍断树干来取水。
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Пропущенные эпизоды?
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Huge teeth like daggers and positively demonic, that's how one researcher describes the giant sea lizard that lived alongside dinosaurs about 66 million years ago, just before they went extinct.
长有匕首大小的巨大牙齿，犹如恶魔。这是一位研究人员对这种巨型海蜥蜴的描述，大约 6600 万年前，就在恐龙灭绝之前，这种海蜥蜴曾与恐龙生活在一起。
The creature was some eight metres long with powerful jaws able to swallow and rip apart even enormous prey. The lizard was the top predator of the ocean in warm seas full of food, and was an ancient relative of today's komodo dragons and anacondas. The findings are based on a skull and skeletal remains uncovered at a phosphate mine southeast of Casablanca in Morocco.
这种巨型海蜥蜴长约八米，长有强大的颚部，能够吞下并撕裂巨大的猎物。在食物丰盈的温暖海域，它们是海洋中的顶级掠食者，也是生活在今日的科莫多巨蜥和水蚺的远古亲戚。上述发现是基于从摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡东南部磷酸盐矿区出土的一个头骨和骨骼残骸。
词汇表
daggers 匕首
demonic 恶魔般的
extinct 灭绝
jaws 颚，鄂部
rip apart 撕裂
prey 猎物
predator 捕食者，掠食者
uncovered 被发现， 出土的
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150 minutes of exercise a week: that's how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to guarantee our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks.
每周锻炼 150 分钟：这是我们都应该做的量。 这是否意味着健身房是保证我们健康的最佳方式？ 也许吧，但它们并非没有健康风险。
Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers' hygiene standards leave much to be desired. Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be transferred to our clothing.
最近的研究表明，一些健身爱好者的卫生标准还有很多不足之处。 在健身器材的表面发现了可导致食物中毒或肺炎等严重疾病的细菌。 出汗和运动引起的体温升高会帮助危险细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌可能会转移到我们的衣服上。
It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym.
有毒的可能不仅仅是健身房里的微生物。 有毒的健身房文化可能会让人们感到受到评判或受到恐吓。 2019 年美国的一项研究显示，超过一半的受访者在去健身房时感到焦虑。
This feeling of being judged, and an overly competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exertion, which leads to little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious consequences. Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain.
这种被评判的感觉以及过度竞争的氛围可能会产生过度锻炼的压力。 克利夫兰诊所区分了过度伸手和过度训练。 第一种是单次过度劳累的结果，只会导致肌肉酸痛，而后者则是长期的，可能会产生更严重的后果。 过度训练与受伤、疲劳、食欲下降以及睡眠或体重增加问题有关。
When exercise becomes a compulsion, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling guilt at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be linked with having a negative body image.
当运动成为一种强迫行为时，它也会对我们的心理健康造成危险。 健康作家泰勒·利米 (Taylor Leamey) 为 CNET 撰文警告说，因错过健身课程而感到内疚或试图通过锻炼来控制身体可能表明锻炼依赖是一个问题。 这可能与负面的身体形象有关。
Of course, we shouldn't forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it.
当然，我们不应该忘记，运动确实可以帮助我们的身心健康，只要我们能够与它保持健康的关系。
词汇表
health risk 健康风险，危及健康的因素
gym-goer 常去健身房锻炼的人，健身房常客
sweat 汗，汗水
judged 被评头论足
intimidated 发怵的，胆怯的
anxious 焦虑的
competitive 好竞争的
over-exercise 过度运动
overreaching （短时期内）训练过度
over-training 训练过度
muscle soreness 肌肉酸痛
injury 受伤
fatigue 疲劳
weight gain 体重增加
compulsion 强烈冲动
exercise dependency 运动依赖
negative body image 消极体象，消极地看待自己的身体
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The American artificial intelligence company OpenAI has removed one of its ChatGPT voices. The move came after actor Scarlett Johansson said the voice sounded “eerily similar” to her voice in the movie Her.
美国人工智能公司 OpenAI 已删除其 ChatGPT 语音之一。 此举是在演员斯嘉丽约翰逊表示这个声音听起来与她在电影《她》中的声音“出奇地相似”之后做出的。
In a post Monday on the social media service X, OpenAI said it is “working to pause” Sky. That is the name of one of five voices that ChatGPT users can choose to speak with in its artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot.
OpenAI 周一在社交媒体服务 X 上发帖称，它正在“努力暂停”Sky。 这是 ChatGPT 用户可以在其人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人中选择的五种声音之一的名称。
In a statement, Johansson said that OpenAI CEO Sam Altman had asked her last September if she would lend her voice to the ChatGPT system. Johansson said she declined the offer.
Johansson 在一份声明中表示，OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman 去年 9 月曾询问她是否愿意为 ChatGPT 系统发声。 约翰逊表示她拒绝了这一提议。
Johansson said, “When I heard the released demo, I was shocked, angered and in disbelief that Mr. Altman would pursue a voice that sounded so eerily similar to mine.” She added that her close friends and even the news media “could not tell the difference” between her voice and the voice of Sky.
约翰逊说：“当我听到发布的演示时，我感到震惊、愤怒，难以置信奥特曼先生会追求一个听起来与我如此惊人相似的声音。” 她补充说，她的亲密朋友甚至新闻媒体都“无法区分”她的声音和天空电视台的声音。
Johansson said OpenAI agreed to take down the Sky voice after her lawyers asked about the process by which the company came up with the voice.
约翰逊表示，在她的律师询问 OpenAI 提出声音的过程后，OpenAI 同意撤下 Sky 声音。
OpenAI said in an online post that the voice of Sky belongs to a “different professional actress.” But it added that it could not share the name of that actress for privacy reasons.
OpenAI 在网上发帖称，Sky 的声音属于“不同的专业女演员”。 但它补充说，出于隐私原因，它不能透露该女演员的名字。
In an email sent to The Associated Press following Johansson’s statement Monday, Altman said that OpenAI selected the voice actor behind Sky “before any outreach” to Johansson. “The voice of Sky is not Scarlett Johansson’s, and it was never intended to resemble hers,” Altman added.
在约翰逊周一发表声明后发给美联社的一封电子邮件中，奥尔特曼表示，OpenAI 在“与约翰逊进行任何接触之前”选择了 Sky 背后的配音演员。 “天空的声音不是斯嘉丽·约翰逊的，也从来没有打算与她的声音相似，”奥特曼补充道。
OpenAI added voice capabilities to ChatGPT last September. The feature is called “Voice Mode.” It permits users to have a conversation with the AI assistant. In November, OpenAI announced that the feature would become free for all users with the mobile app.
OpenAI 去年 9 月为 ChatGPT 添加了语音功能。 该功能称为“语音模式”。 它允许用户与人工智能助手进行对话。 11 月，OpenAI 宣布该功能将免费向所有使用移动应用程序的用户开放。
Last week, OpenAI showed off its latest AI model, called ChatGPT-4o. The program lets users speak to the chatbot and get real-time answers. The chatbot now has emotion in its voice and even tries to understand a person’s emotional state by looking at a selfie video of their face.
上周，OpenAI 展示了其最新的人工智能模型，名为 ChatGPT-4o。 该程序允许用户与聊天机器人对话并获得实时答案。 现在，聊天机器人的声音中充满了情感，甚至试图通过观看人脸的自拍视频来了解他们的情绪状态。
The capabilities have brought comparisons to the 2013 movie Her. The film follows a man who falls in love with an AI assistant, which is voiced by Johansson.
这些功能与 2013 年的电影《她》进行了比较。 这部电影讲述了一个男人爱上了由约翰逊配音的人工智能助手的故事。
Altman appeared to make the same comparison. He wrote the word “her” on the social media service X on the day of GPT-4o’s release.
奥特曼似乎也做出了同样的比较。 GPT-4o 发布当天，他在社交媒体服务 X 上写下了“她”这个词。
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The American space travel company Blue Origin announced that it sent 90-year-old Ed Dwight into space, making him the oldest space traveler.
美国太空旅行公司蓝色起源宣布将90岁的埃德·德怀特送入太空，使他成为最年长的太空旅行者。
The company said Dwight was the first Black astronaut candidate and was picked personally by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. But it said Dwight was not chosen to be among the next group of astronauts.
该公司表示，德怀特是第一位黑人宇航员候选人，于 1961 年由约翰·F·肯尼迪总统亲自挑选。但该公司表示，德怀特并未被选为下一批宇航员之一。
Dwight spent a few minutes of weightlessness with five other passengers on the Blue Origin spacecraft. It reached the edge of space for about 10 minutes. Dwight called the flight “a life changing experience.”
德怀特和其他五名乘客在蓝色起源飞船上度过了几分钟的失重状态。 它到达太空边缘大约10分钟。 德怀特称这次飞行是“一次改变人生的经历”。
With the flight, Dwight passed Star Trek actor William Shatner as the oldest person to reach space. Shatner’s flight took place in 2021.
通过这次飞行，德怀特超越了《星际迷航》演员威廉·夏特纳，成为到达太空最年长的人。 沙特纳的飞行发生在 2021 年。
Dwight joined four businessmen from the U.S. and France. The cost of the trip for each was not released. Blue Origin said Dwight’s flight was paid for by Space for Humanity, a nonprofit group based in Denver, Colorado. The group aims to send people of many different backgrounds into space as “citizen astronauts.”
德怀特和四位来自美国和法国的商人一起。 每人的旅行费用并未公布。 蓝色起源表示，德怀特的飞行费用是由总部位于科罗拉多州丹佛市的非营利组织“人类空间”支付的。 该组织的目标是将许多不同背景的人作为“公民宇航员”送入太空。
Dwight was in a test pilot program at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The program called “The Right Stuff” was the training ground for early astronauts. After being passed over, he retired from the military in 1966.
德怀特正在加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地参加试飞员计划。 这个名为“The Right Stuff”的计划是早期宇航员的训练场。 被淘汰后，他于1966年从军队退役。
He later became a sculptor who made statues of Civil Rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr., Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman and others.
后来他成为一名雕塑家，为马丁·路德·金、弗雷德里克·道格拉斯、哈里特·塔布曼等民权领袖制作雕像。
The U.S. space agency NASA announced Guion Bluford as the first Black astronaut in 1978, Bluford first reached space in 1983. The former Soviet Union placed the first person with African and Cuban ancestry, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, into orbit in 1980.
美国宇航局于 1978 年宣布吉安·布卢福德 (Guion Bluford) 为第一位黑人宇航员，布卢福德于 1983 年首次进入太空。1980 年，前苏联将第一位具有非洲和古巴血统的人阿纳尔多·塔马约·门德斯 (Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez) 送入轨道。
The stories of Dwight and Bluford are among those told in the documentary movie from National Geographic called The Space Race. It is about Black astronauts.
国家地理纪录片《太空竞赛》讲述了德怀特和布卢福德的故事。 这是关于黑人宇航员的。
Dwight’s flight on May 19 was the first launch with a crew for Blue Origin in nearly two years. All flights were grounded after an accident in 2022. Flights without a crew restarted last December. Sunday’s flight was the seventh to carry space tourists.
德怀特 5 月 19 日的飞行是蓝色起源近两年来首次载人发射。 2022 年发生事故后，所有航班均停飞。去年 12 月，没有机组人员的航班重新启动。 周日的航班是第七次搭载太空游客的航班。
Businessman and founder of Amazon Jeff Bezos also started started Blue Origin, a company that seeks to make space tourism popular.
商人兼亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯还创办了蓝色起源公司，该公司致力于让太空旅游变得流行。
After completing his flight on Blue Origin’s spacecraft, Dwight said, “I thought I really didn’t need this in my life,” but added, “But now, I need it in my life…I am ecstatic.”
在完成蓝色起源飞船的飞行后，德怀特说：“我以为我的生活中真的不需要这个，”但补充道，“但现在，我的生活中需要它......我欣喜若狂。”
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The World Health Organization recently authorized a second dengue vaccine. The move could provide protection for millions of people worldwide against the mosquito-borne disease.
世界卫生组织最近批准了第二种登革热疫苗。此举可以为全世界数百万人提供保护，使其免受蚊媒疾病的侵害。
This year, several dengue outbreaks have happened in places across the Americas.
今年，美洲各地爆发了多起登革热疫情。
In a statement on May 15, the U.N. health agency said it approved the dengue vaccine made by the Japanese drugmaker Takeda.
联合国卫生机构在5月15日的一份声明中表示，批准了日本制药商武田公司生产的登革热疫苗。
Takeda’s dengue vaccine is known as Qdenga. It was previously approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2022. The two-dose vaccine is given three months apart. It protects against the four kinds of dengue. The WHO recommends its use in children between the ages of 6 and 16 who live in areas with high rates of dengue.
武田的登革热疫苗被称为 Qdenga。此前该疫苗已于 2022 年获得欧洲药品管理局批准。两剂疫苗间隔三个月接种。它可以预防四种登革热。世界卫生组织建议居住在登革热高发地区的 6 至 16 岁儿童使用该药物。
Approval by the WHO now means that donors and other U.N. agencies can purchase the vaccine for poorer countries.
世界卫生组织的批准现在意味着捐助者和其他联合国机构可以为较贫穷的国家购买疫苗。
Studies have shown Takeda’s vaccine is about 84 percent effective in preventing people from being hospitalized and about 61 percent effective in stopping symptoms.
研究表明，武田的疫苗在预防人们住院方面的有效性约为 84%，在阻止症状方面的有效性约为 61%。
WHO’s Rogerio Gaspar is director for the agency’s approvals of medicines and vaccines. He said it was “an important step in the expansion of global access to dengue vaccines.”
世卫组织的罗杰里奥·加斯帕 (Rogerio Gaspar) 是该机构药品和疫苗审批主管。他表示，这是“扩大全球登革热疫苗获取范围的重要一步”。
The first dengue vaccine that the WHO approved was made by the drugmaker Sanofi Pasteur. The vaccine was later found to increase the risk of severe dengue in people who had not been infected with the disease before.
世界卫生组织批准的第一种登革热疫苗是由制药商赛诺菲巴斯德生产的。后来发现该疫苗会增加以前未感染过这种疾病的人患严重登革热的风险。
There is no exact treatment for dengue. It is a leading cause of serious illness and death in about 120 Latin American and Asian countries. About 80 percent of infections are mild. But severe cases of dengue can lead to internal bleeding, organ failure, and death.
登革热没有确切的治疗方法。它是大约 120 个拉丁美洲和亚洲国家严重疾病和死亡的主要原因。大约 80% 的感染是轻微的。但严重的登革热病例会导致内出血、器官衰竭和死亡。
Last week, the WHO reported there were 6.7 million suspected cases of dengue in the Americas. That is an increase of 206 percent compared with the same period last year. In March of this year, officials in Rio de Janeiro declared a public health emergency over its dengue epidemic. Brazilian health officials began giving out the Takeda vaccine with the goal of protecting at least 3 million people.
上周，世界卫生组织报告美洲有 670 万疑似登革热病例。与去年同期相比增长了 206%。今年3月，里约热内卢官员宣布登革热疫情进入公共卫生紧急状态。巴西卫生官员开始分发武田疫苗，目标是保护至少 300 万人。
Infectious disease experts say climate change and the increased range of mosquitoes that carry dengue are partly to blame for the spread of the disease.
传染病专家表示，气候变化和携带登革热的蚊子数量的增加是造成这种疾病传播的部分原因。
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Scientists in Thailand have released a group of endangered sea turtles in an effort to save the wild population.
泰国科学家释放了一群濒临灭绝的海龟，以拯救野生种群。
A total of 11 baby leatherback sea turtles were recently released into the Indian Ocean from Thailand’s vacation island of Phuket. The researchers are hoping the one-year-old turtles will get strong in the wild and return in 20 years to reproduce.
最近，共有 11 只小棱皮龟从泰国度假岛普吉岛被释放到印度洋。研究人员希望一岁大的海龟能够在野外变得强壮，并在 20 年后返回繁殖。
The release follows an intense conservation effort in recent years that centered on improving longtime survival rates for the sea creatures. In 2018, scientists discovered that leatherback sea turtles had returned to lay eggs in southern Thailand.
此次释放是在近年来大力开展的保护工作之后进行的，重点是提高海洋生物的长期生存率。2018年，科学家发现棱皮海龟返回泰国南部产卵。
Some stronger members of that group successfully entered the ocean, but others died after hatching. So, a program was launched to help the weak baby leatherbacks grow, said Pinsak Suraswadi. He is the Director-General of Thailand's Department of Marine and Coastal Resources.
该群体中一些更强壮的成员成功进入海洋，但其他成员在孵化后死亡。平萨克·苏拉斯瓦迪 (Pinsak Suraswadi) 表示，因此启动了一项计划来帮助体弱的小棱皮龟成长。他是泰国海洋和沿海资源部部长。
Thailand is one of five countries – including Sri Lanka and Canada – that has been able to keep leatherback turtles in good health through their first year. Usually, a leatherback will lay eggs after 20 to 25 years.
泰国是能够让棱皮龟在第一年保持健康的五个国家之一，其中包括斯里兰卡和加拿大。通常，棱皮龟会在 20 至 25 年后产卵。
The baby sea turtles, released last month, have satellite devices attached to them to follow their progress. The release was part of an international effort by the nonprofit conservation organization Upwell Turtles.
上个月释放的小海龟身上装有卫星设备，可以追踪它们的进展情况。这次释放是非营利保护组织 Upwell Turtles 的国际努力的一部分。
Pinsak told Reuters news agency that it is necessary for researchers to study the animals’ travel path in order "to understand where they are going.” This helps the group know which measures to launch to protect the turtles’ hatching process.
平萨克告诉路透社，研究人员有必要研究这些动物的旅行路径，以便“了解它们要去哪里”。这有助于该小组了解采取哪些措施来保护海龟的孵化过程。
Leatherback sea turtles are believed to have developed more than 150 million years ago. But the animals are now extremely endangered in the Pacific area. The World Wildlife Fund estimates the current population in the Pacific to be fewer than 2,300 adult females.
据信棱皮龟是在 1.5 亿多年前就已经形成的。但这些动物现在在太平洋地区极度濒危。世界自然基金会估计太平洋地区目前的成年女性数量不足 2,300 名。
While in the ocean, the turtles face dangers from fishing equipment, eating plastic waste and coming in contact with poisonous substances.
在海洋中，海龟面临着捕鱼设备、吃塑料垃圾和接触有毒物质的危险。
"I'm happy to know whether our effort in nurturing the leatherback sea turtles for a year proves fruitful or not," said Hirun Kanghae. He is with Thailand’s Phuket Marine Biological Center.
“我很高兴知道我们一年来培育棱皮龟的努力是否取得成果，”Hirun Kanghae 说。他在泰国普吉岛海洋生物中心工作。
"If they survive it answers everything about the conservation and population restoration of the leatherback sea turtles in the best way possible," Hirun added.
Hirun 补充道：“如果它们能够幸存下来，就能够以最好的方式解决有关棱皮海龟保护和种群恢复的所有问题。”
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Mexico City’s Tacos El Califa de León recently became the first Mexican taco stand to get a Michelin star – an award presented by the famous French restaurant guide.
墨西哥城的 Tacos El Califa de León 最近成为第一家获得米其林星级的墨西哥玉米卷摊位，该奖项由著名的法国餐厅指南颁发。
Chef Arturo Rivera Martínez recently stood over a very hot grill when Michelin representatives came to present him with one of the company’s heavy white chef’s coats. But Rivera Martinez did not put the jacket on.
最近，厨师阿图罗·里维拉·马丁内斯 (Arturo Rivera Martínez) 站在一个非常热的烤架上，当时米其林代表向他赠送了一件公司厚重的白色厨师外套。但里维拉·马丁内斯没有穿上夹克。
In this very small, 3-meter by 3-meter business space, the heat makes the meat. And the heat is strong.
在这个很小的、3米×3米的营业空间里，热气使肉质。而且热量很强。
At El Califa de León there are only four things on the menu -- all of them tacos. The food business has been doing the same four things since opening in 1968.
El Califa de León 的菜单上只有四道菜——全是炸玉米饼。自 1968 年开业以来，食品行业一直在做同样的四件事。
“The secret is the simplicity of our taco. It has only a tortilla, red or green sauce, and that’s it. That, and the quality of the meat,” said Rivera Martínez. He is also probably the only Michelin-starred chef who, when asked what drink should go with his food, answers “I like a Coke.”
“秘密就在于我们的炸玉米饼的简单性。它只有一个玉米饼，红色或绿色的酱汁，仅此而已。那，还有肉的质量，”里维拉·马丁内斯说。他也可能是唯一一位当被问及他的食物应该搭配什么饮料时回答“我喜欢可乐”的米其林星级厨师。
Other than perhaps one street food stand in Bangkok, Thailand, El Califa de León is probably the smallest restaurant ever to get a Michelin star. And half of the small space is taken up by a solid steel plate grill that is hotter than the salsa.
除了泰国曼谷的一家街头小吃摊外，El Califa de León 可能是有史以来获得米其林星级的最小餐厅。一半的小空间被一个比莎莎酱还要热的实心钢板烤架占据了。
Thousands of times a day, Rivera Martínez gets a fresh, thinly sliced piece of beef and puts it on the hot steel grill.
里维拉·马丁内斯（Rivera Martínez）每天数千次拿到一块新鲜的切成薄片的牛肉，然后将其放在热钢烤架上。
The heat is one of the few secrets Rivera Martínez would share. The steel grill has to be heated to 360 Celsius.
炎热是里维拉·马丁内斯愿意分享的少数秘密之一。钢烤架必须加热到 360 摄氏度。
Asked how it felt to get a Michelin star, he said in classic Mexico City slang, “it’s neat, it’s cool.”
当被问及获得米其林星的感觉如何时，他用经典的墨西哥城俚语说：“这很整洁，很酷。”
The prices at his stand are quite high by Mexican standards. A single taco costs nearly $5. But many customers are sure it is the best in the city.
按照墨西哥的标准，他摊位上的价格相当高。一个炸玉米饼的价格接近 5 美元。但许多顾客确信它是城里最好的。
“It’s the quality of the meat,” said Alberto Muñoz, who has been coming to the place for about eight years. “I have never been disappointed. And now I’ll recommend it with even more reason, now that it has a star.”
“这就是肉的质量，”来这个地方大约八年的阿尔贝托·穆尼奥斯 (Alberto Muñoz) 说。“我从来没有失望过。现在我会更有理由推荐它，因为它已经有了一颗星星。”
His son, Alan, who was waiting for a beef taco alongside his father, noted “this is a historic day for Mexican cuisine, and we’re witnesses to it.”
他的儿子艾伦正在和父亲一起等待牛肉炸玉米饼，他说：“这是墨西哥美食历史性的一天，我们是这一天的见证者。”
It really is about not changing anything — the freshness of the tortillas, the menu, the design of the restaurant. Owner Mario Hernández Alonso will not even tell where he buys the stand’s meat.
它实际上是不改变任何东西——玉米饼的新鲜度、菜单、餐厅的设计。店主马里奥·埃尔南德斯·阿隆索甚至不愿透露他在哪里购买摊位上的肉。
By law, following the coronavirus pandemic, Mexico City restaurants have been permitted to open up street-side seating areas. But El Califa de León does not even have a sidewalk where customers could eat because of all the street vendors.
根据法律，在冠状病毒大流行后，墨西哥城的餐馆被允许开放街边座位区。但莱昂加州甚至没有一条可供顾客就餐的人行道，因为街头小贩林立。
Asked if he would like them to make room for a street-side seating area, Hernández Alonso said pointing to the street vendors, “As the saying goes, why fix or change something that’s alright? You shouldn’t fix anything... It’s the way God ordered things, and you have to deal with it.”
当被问及是否希望他们为街边休息区腾出空间时，埃尔南德斯·阿隆索指着街头小贩说：“俗话说，为什么要修理或改变一些好的东西？你不应该修复任何事情……这是上帝命令事情的方式，你必须处理它。”
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The ozone layer is healing, but it'll take until about the end of the century to restore completely. In Antarctica, the ozone layer is broken down by chemical reactions in very cold, high atmospheric clouds.
臭氧层正在 “愈合”，但大约要到本世纪末才能完全恢复到之前的水平。在南极地区上空非常寒冷的高空大气云层的作用下，臭氧层被消耗，导致 “破洞”。
That loss of protective gas and resulting hole used to peak in September or October when plants and animals are tucked under winter snow and marine animals are protected by sea ice. But it's now lingering well into the Antarctic summer.
保护气体的流失和由此产生的 “破洞” 曾在9月或10月期间最为严重，不过那时动植物被冬雪覆盖，海洋动物也有海冰遮盖受到保护。但现在，臭氧层出现最大面积空洞这一现象已经持续到了南极的夏季。
Researchers say that's been driven in part by smoke from the Australian wildfires in 2019 and 2020, which were themselves fuelled by climate change.
研究人员们说，这在一定程度上是由 2019 年和 2020 年澳大利亚野火产生的烟雾造成的，而这两场野火本身就是气候变化的产物。
They found evidence of Antarctic plants putting more effort into synthesising protective sunscreen compounds and krill, marine crustaceans that are the foundation of the food chain in Antarctica, moving deeper into the ocean to avoid ultraviolet rays. While seals and penguins are covered by protective fur and feathers, the scientists say exposure to harmful rays could damage their eyesight.
他们发现有证据表明，南极植物正在把更多的能量用于合成起保护作用的防晒化合物，而磷虾，即南极洲食物链基层的海洋甲壳类动物，正在向海洋深处移动，以躲避紫外线照射。虽然海豹和企鹅的身上覆盖着起保护作用的皮毛和羽毛，但科学家们表示，阳光中的紫外线可能会损害它们的视力。
词汇表
peak 达到峰值，达到最高水平
tucked under 藏在…之下
lingering 迟迟不去的，停留
well into 直到…很久
synthesising 合成
krill 磷虾
crustaceans 甲壳动物
ultraviolet rays 紫外线
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Imagine for a moment you've travelled 2,000 years into the future. Which human foods do you think would stand the test of time, and would any of it still be edible? To find out, we first need to understand what makes food go off.
想象一下您穿越到 2000 年后的未来。您认为哪些人类食物能够经受住时间的考验，其中有哪些仍然可以食用？为了找到答案，我们首先需要了解食物变质的原因。
Food preservation's main opponent is microbial growth. An expert in food chemistry, Michael Sulu, says most foods spoil for that reason. When things like bacteria, mould and yeast grow on your food, it can become pathogenic, and food causing disease is best avoided! So, how can we limit their growth?
食品保鲜的主要对手是微生物的生长。食品化学专家迈克尔·苏鲁表示，大多数食物都会因为这个原因而变质。当细菌、霉菌和酵母等物质在食物上生长时，就会变得致病，最好避免食用引起疾病的食物！那么，我们怎样才能限制它们的增长呢？
Microbes love oxygen and water, so the key is to starve them of it. We can do this by drying, salting, chilling, or storing the food in airtight containers. According to Sulu, drying is the most effective because without water, microbes can't multiply. Freezing works in the short-term, but explorers who have found ancient frozen animals initially thought the meat looked edible, but once defrosted, it immediately became putrid, which doesn't sound at all palatable!
微生物喜欢氧气和水，所以关键是让它们挨饿。我们可以通过干燥、腌制、冷藏或将食物储存在密封容器中来做到这一点。苏鲁表示，干燥是最有效的，因为没有水，微生物就无法繁殖。冷冻在短期内是有效的，但发现古代冷冻动物的探险家最初认为这些肉看起来可以吃，但一旦解冻，它立即变得腐烂，听起来一点也不好吃！
But how can we make our favourite foods longer-lasting if we don't want to dry, salt or freeze them? That's where additives and preservatives come in. These chemicals help to improve the shelf life of our supermarket items, but it means the food becomes ultra-processed. High consumption of ultra-processed food is linked to problems like depression and obesity, according to a review of the research by Pagliai and colleagues in the British Journal of Nutrition.
但是，如果我们不想干燥、加盐或冷冻我们最喜欢的食物，如何才能让它们保存得更长久呢？这就是添加剂和防腐剂的用武之地。这些化学物质有助于延长超市商品的保质期，但这意味着食品会被过度加工。根据 Pagliai 及其同事在《英国营养学杂志》上发表的一项研究综述，大量食用超加工食品与抑郁和肥胖等问题有关。
So, what's going to be safe for us to eat in our hypothetical time travel scenario? "I would start off with anything that is vacuum-packed or dried as well," says Sulu. If you can't find any of that, you could go to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway, where there are almost one million samples of seeds from all over the world. They're in vaults designed to last forever, buried beneath the Arctic permafrost, so either eat the seeds, or start repopulating the plant world!
那么，在假设的时间旅行场景中，我们吃什么是安全的呢？“我会从任何真空包装或干燥的东西开始，”苏鲁说。如果你找不到这些，你可以去挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的全球种子库，那里有来自世界各地的近一百万个种子样本。它们位于北极永久冻土层下的永久冻土库中，所以要么吃掉种子，要么开始重新繁衍植物世界！
词汇表
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
edible 可食用的
go off （食物）变坏
food preservation 食品保存
microbial growth 微生物生长
spoil （食物）变坏，变质
bacteria 细菌
mould 霉菌
yeast 酵母菌
pathogenic 可致病的
salting 用食盐腌制
airtight 密封的
defrost 解冻
putrid 腐烂的，腐坏的
palatable 美味的，可口的
long-lasting 持久的，长期的
additives 添加剂
preservatives 防腐剂
shelf life 保质期
ultra-processed 超加工的
vacuum-packed 真空包装的
permafrost 永冻层，永久冻土
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People greet each other in many ways. They might say “hello” in different languages. They might physically do something like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses.
人们以多种方式互相问候。他们可能会用不同的语言说“你好”。他们可能会做一些身体上的事情，比如握手、拥抱或交换亲吻。
Elephants seem to have many greetings too. A recent study gives new information about these greetings, including how greetings differ depending on the animals’ sex and whether they are looking at each other.
大象似乎也有很多问候。最近的一项研究提供了有关这些问候语的新信息，包括问候语如何根据动物的性别以及它们是否互相看着对方而有所不同。
The study was based on observations of African savannah elephants in the Jafuta Reserve in Zimbabwe.
这项研究基于对津巴布韦贾富塔保护区的非洲草原象的观察。
Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna in Austria was the lead writer of the study that appeared recently in Communications Biology.
奥地利维也纳大学的 Vesta Eleuteri 是最近发表在《通讯生物学》杂志上的这项研究的主要作者。
"Elephants live in a so-called 'fission-fusion' society, where they often separate and reunite, meeting after hours, days or months apart," Eleuteri said.
“大象生活在一个所谓的‘裂变融合’社会中，它们经常分开又团聚，相隔数小时、数天或数月后见面，”埃留特里说。
Elephants are Earth's largest land animals. They are highly intelligent, with strong memories and problem-solving skills, and complex communication.
大象是地球上最大的陆地动物。他们非常聪明，具有很强的记忆力和解决问题的能力，以及复杂的沟通能力。
Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds with each other, forming "bond groups." Earlier studies in the wild have reported that when these groups meet, the elephants perform special greeting ceremonies to announce and strengthen their social bonds, Eleuteri said.
不同家族群体的雌象之间可能有很强的社会联系，形成“债券群体”。埃留特里说，早期的野外研究表明，当这些群体相遇时，大象会举行特殊的问候仪式，以宣布并加强他们的社会联系。
Male elephants have different social bonds from females. Male greetings may serve to ease possible hostility. Male elephants greet mainly by smelling each other, reaching with their trunks, Eleuteri added.
雄性大象与雌性大象有着不同的社会纽带。男性的问候可能有助于缓解可能的敌意。埃留特里补充说，雄性大象主要通过闻对方的气味、伸出鼻子来打招呼。
The recent study gives details on around 20 movements tied to greetings. It showed that elephants mix these movements in exact ways with sounds. The different sounds are described as rumbles, roars and trumpets.
最近的研究详细介绍了大约 20 个与问候相关的动作。它表明大象以精确的方式将这些动作与声音结合起来。不同的声音被描述为隆隆声、咆哮声和喇叭声。
The study also showed how smell plays an important part in greetings. Elephant greetings include behaviors unusual for humans, including releasing body waste. Elephants can also release secretions from a special gland.
该研究还表明气味在问候中发挥着重要作用。大象的问候包括人类不寻常的行为，包括释放身体废物。大象还可以从特殊的腺体中释放分泌物。
Elephants may greet each other by making gestures meant to be seen, like spreading their ears or showing their behinds. The creatures also use movements producing special sounds, or they may use movements that involve touching other elephants. Movements involving touching are known as tactile gestures.
大象可能会通过做出让人看到的手势来打招呼，比如张开耳朵或露出屁股。这些生物还使用发出特殊声音的动作，或者可能使用涉及触摸其他大象的动作。涉及触摸的动作称为触觉手势。
Eleuteri suggested that elephants appeared to know what other elephants can see. "They preferred using visual gestures when their partner was looking at them, while tactile ones when they were not," Eleuteri explained.
埃柳特里认为，大象似乎知道其他大象能看到什么。“当伴侣看着他们时，他们更喜欢使用视觉手势，而当伴侣不看他们时，他们更喜欢使用触觉手势，”Eleuteri 解释道。
Greeting behavior has been studied in a number of animals.
人们对许多动物的问候行为进行了研究。
"Many other species greet, including different primates, hyenas and dogs," Eleuteri said.
“许多其他物种都会打招呼，包括不同的灵长类动物、鬣狗和狗，”埃留特里说。
These animal greetings help guide social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds, Eleuteri added.
埃留特里补充说，这些动物问候可以通过减少紧张或确认社会纽带来引导社交场合。
The new research builds on earlier studies of elephant greeting behavior. The nine observed elephants - four females and five males - were "semi-captive." That means they freely moved around their natural environment during daytime and stayed in structures at night.
这项新研究建立在早期对大象问候行为的研究基础上。观察到的九头大象——四头雌性和五头雄性——处于“半圈养”状态。这意味着它们白天在自然环境中自由活动，晚上则留在建筑物中。
Greetings used by the female elephants closely matched the behavior of wild elephants. The greeting behavior of the male elephants appeared to be different from wild male elephants.
雌象的问候语与野象的行为非常相似。 雄性大象的问候行为似乎与野生雄性大象不同。
Wild male elephants are often alone, forming loose connections with other elephants.
野生雄性大象通常独处，与其他大象形成松散的联系。
The temporal gland is midway between the eye and the ear. That gland plays a part in elephant greeting by releasing a substance called temporin. Temporin contains chemical information about an elephant's condition. Elephants often use their trunks to touch the temporal glands of others.
颞腺位于眼睛和耳朵之间的中间。该腺体在大象问候中发挥着重要作用，它会释放一种叫做temporin的物质。Temporin 含有有关大象状况的化学信息。大象经常用鼻子接触其他大象的颞腺。
Eleuteri said elephant body wastes “contain chemical information important for elephants, like the identity of the individual, their reproductive state or even their emotional state."
埃莱尤特里说，大象的排泄物“含有对大象很重要的化学信息，比如个体的身份、它们的繁殖状态，甚至它们的情绪状态。”
"Maybe they don't need to tell each other how they're doing, as they can smell it," Eleuteri added. “
也许他们不需要告诉对方他们在做什么，因为他们可以闻到它的味道，”埃柳特里补充道。
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A miniature poodle named Sage won the top prize Tuesday night at the 148th Westminster Kennel Club dog show.
周二晚上，一只名叫 Sage 的迷你贵宾犬在第 148 届威斯敏斯特养犬俱乐部狗展上获得了最高奖项。
That is the 11th victory for poodles at the famous dog competition in New York City – only wire fox terriers have won more times.
这是贵宾犬在纽约市著名的狗狗比赛中第 11 次获胜，只有刚毛猎狐犬赢得的次数更多。
Kaz Hosaka is the handler for Sage. “No words,” he said about Sage’s win and added, “So happy — exciting.” He also was the handler of Spice, when that miniature poodle won the 2002 Westminster.
Kaz Hosaka 是 Sage 的管理员。“无话可说，”他谈到塞奇的胜利并补充道，“太高兴了——令人兴奋。” 他还是 Spice 的饲养员，当时这只迷你贵宾犬赢得了 2002 年威斯敏斯特赛冠军。
But Hosaka said this latest victory would be his final competition after 45 years.
但保坂表示，最新的胜利将是他 45 年后的最后一场比赛。
Hosaka said Sage “gave a great performance for me.” The black poodle won over six other dogs to take the “best in show.” Second place went to Mercedes, a German shepherd.
保坂表示 Sage“为我带来了精彩的表演”。黑色贵宾犬击败了其他六只狗，获得了“最佳表演奖”。第二名是德国牧羊犬梅赛德斯。
Others in the final round included Comet, a shih tzu, Monty, a giant schnauzer, Louis, an Afghan hound, Micah, a black cocker spaniel, and Frankie, a colored bull terrier.
最后一轮的其他选手包括西施犬彗星、巨型雪纳瑞犬蒙蒂、阿富汗猎犬路易斯、黑色可卡犬迈卡和彩色斗牛梗弗兰基。
While Sage was going around the competition ring, a protester interfered in the event. The protester carried a sign urging people to “boycott breeders” and tried to enter the ring. Security guards seized the activist. Police and the animal rights group, PETA, said three demonstrators were arrested.
当塞奇在赛场周围走动时，一名抗议者干扰了比赛。抗议者举着敦促人们“抵制饲养员”的标语，并试图进入拳击场。保安人员抓住了这名活动人士。警方和动物权利组织 PETA 表示，三名示威者被捕。
Rosalind Kramer, a judge at the event, called the final lineup “excellent, glorious.” Monty’s handler and co-owner, Katie Bernardin added, “just to be in the ring with everyone else is an honor.”
赛事评委罗莎琳德·克莱默 (Rosalind Kramer) 称最终阵容“出色、光荣”。蒙蒂的经纪人兼共同所有人凯蒂·伯纳丁补充道，“能和其他人一起参加拳击比赛就是一种荣幸。”
Dogs first compete against others of their breed. Then the winner of each breed goes up against others in its “group.” The seven group winners meet in the final round.
狗首先要与同品种的其他狗竞争。然后，每个品种的获胜者将与该“群体”中的其他品种进行竞争。七个小组的获胜者将在最后一轮相遇。
The “best in show” winner gets a trophy and a place in dog-world history, but the prize does not include money.
“最佳表演奖”获胜者将获得一座奖杯，并在狗界历史上占有一席之地，但奖金不包括金钱。
Besides the winners, other dogs were also popular with the crowd. A lagotto Romagnolo named Harry made people laugh by sitting up and begging for a treat from his handler; and a vizsla named Fletcher appealed to the crowd by jumping up on its handler after finishing a turn around the ring.
除了获胜者之外，其他狗也受到人群的欢迎。一只名叫哈利（Harry）的拉戈托·罗马尼奥洛（lagotto Romagnolo）会坐起来向它的驯养员乞求款待，这让人们开怀大笑。一只名叫弗莱彻（Fletcher）的维兹拉犬在绕圈转了一圈后，跳到驯兽师身上，吸引了观众。
There were also some very big dogs at the event. One was Ralphie, a great Dane weighing 80 kilograms. His much smaller handler, Shane Jichetti, said it takes a lot of experience to show an animal so big. But she added, “If you have a bond with your dog, and you just go with it, it works out.”
活动中还有一些非常大的狗。其中一个是拉尔菲，一只体重 80 公斤的大丹麦犬。他的小饲养员肖恩·吉凯蒂 (Shane Jichetti) 表示，展示这么大的动物需要丰富的经验。但她补充道，“如果你和你的狗有感情，而且你就跟着它走，那就会成功。”
The Westminster show dates to 1877 and centers on the traditional purebred judging that leads to the “best in show” prize. But over the last few years, the club has added agility and obedience events open to mixed-breed dogs.
威斯敏斯特马赛的历史可以追溯到 1877 年，以传统的纯种马评审为中心，颁发“最佳马赛”奖项。但在过去的几年里，俱乐部增加了对混种狗开放的敏捷和服从活动。
This year, a border collie-papillon mix named Nimble became the first non-purebred winner of the agility competition.
今年，一只名叫“Nimble”的边境牧羊犬与蝴蝶犬的混种成为敏捷比赛中第一个非纯种的获胜者。
Kramer, the best in show judge, made a point of thanking “every dog, whether it’s a house dog or a show dog."
克莱默是最好的表演评委，他特别感谢“每只狗，无论是家犬还是表演犬”。
“Because," she said, "you make our lives whole.”
“因为，”她说，“你让我们的生活变得完整。”
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About 20 years ago, Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wanted to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply. The two men imagined a so-called “doomsday vault” for plant seeds. (A vault is a secure storage structure.)
大约 20 年前，卡里·福勒 (Cary Fowler) 和杰弗里·霍廷 (Geoffrey Hawtin) 希望防止饥饿并保护世界粮食供应。 两人想象了一个所谓的“末日金库”来存放植物种子。 （保险库是一种安全的存储结构。）
Fowler and Hawtin’s goal was to keep a supply of seeds safe if existing seed banks were threatened by war, climate change, or other crises. They decided to build their storage building into the side of a mountain north of the Arctic Circle.
福勒和霍廷的目标是在现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机威胁时确保种子供应安全。 他们决定将仓库建在北极圈以北的一座山的一侧。
“To a lot of people today, it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do,” Fowler said from Saudi Arabia in an interview with the Associated Press. Seeds, he added, are a valuable natural resource that needs protection.
“对于今天的很多人来说，这听起来是一件完全合理的事情，”福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美联社采访时说。 他补充说，种子是一种宝贵的自然资源，需要保护。
But Fowler said: “Fifteen years ago, shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into (and) putting them inside a mountain…” did not sound reasonable. In his words, it was “…the craziest idea anybody ever had.”
但福勒说：“十五年前，将大量种子运送到距离北极最近的地方，你可以飞到（并）将它们放入山中……”听起来不太合理。 用他的话说，这是“……任何人曾经有过的最疯狂的想法。”
Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard. The vault opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country in the world. The structure was built into the side of a mountain. It protects the seeds of over 6,000 kinds of agriculturally important plants. The Crop Trust website says: “Its purpose is to backup genebank collections to secure the foundation of our future food supply.”
他们的想法变成了位于挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库。 该金库于 2008 年开放，目前保存着来自世界上几乎每个国家的 125 万份种子样本。 该结构建在山的一侧。 它保护 6,000 多种重要农业植物的种子。 农作物信托网站称：“其目的是备份基因库收藏，以确保我们未来粮食供应的基础。”
Last week, Fowler and Hawtin were named the 2024 World Food Prize winners for their work. Fowler is now the U.S. special diplomat for global food security. Hawtin is an agricultural scientist from Britain.
上周，福勒和霍廷因其工作而被评为 2024 年世界粮食奖获得者。 福勒现任美国全球粮食安全特别外交官。 霍廷是一位来自英国的农业科学家。
They were named the winners of the yearly prize at the U.S. Department of State in Washington. Secretary of State Antony Blinken praised the men at the announcement for their “critical role in preserving crop diversity.”
他们被华盛顿美国国务院评为年度奖获得者。 国务卿安东尼·布林肯在宣布时赞扬了这些人“在保护作物多样性方面发挥的关键作用”。
For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important.
多年来，各国建立了种子库来储存种子以供将来使用。 但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱。 这将使种子供应变得更加重要。
Hawtin is an executive board member at the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an international nonprofit group. He said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, land degradation, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional secure seed storage.
霍廷是国际非营利组织全球作物多样性信托基金的执行董事会成员。 他说，过去农作物面临很多威胁，例如昆虫、疾病、土地退化和政治动荡。 他说，气候变化使这些问题变得更加严重。 因此，他和福勒认为需要额外安全的种子存储。
Hawtin explained that climate change is changing pests and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been significant ones.”
霍廷解释说，气候变化正在改变害虫和疾病。 他补充道，“气候变化给原本重大的问题带来了很多额外的问题。”
Fowler and Hawtin said they hope winning the World Food Prize will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Operating them is not too costly. However, the financial support needs to continue forever.
福勒和霍廷表示，他们希望赢得世界粮食奖将帮助他们为世界各地的种子库筹集更多资金。 运营它们的成本并不太高。 然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去。
“This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy -- our insurance policy that we’re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said.
霍廷说：“这确实是一个传达信息的机会，你看，这笔相对较少的钱就是我们的保险单——我们的保险单是我们将能够在 50 年内养活全世界。” 。
Norman Borlaug established the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution.” That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry.
诺曼·博洛格设立了世界粮食奖。 1970 年，他因在“绿色革命”中的贡献而获得诺贝尔和平奖。 这是为了提高农作物的产量而做出的巨大努力，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿。
This fall, Fowler and Hawtin will accept the prize in Des Moines, Iowa, the city where the food prize foundation is based. They will also split the $500,000 award. This year’s prize will be presented at the yearly Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue. The conference will be held in Des Moines from October 29 to the 31.
今年秋天，福勒和霍廷将在食品奖基金会所在地爱荷华州得梅因市领奖。 他们还将瓜分 50 万美元的奖金。 今年的奖项将在一年一度的诺曼·博洛格国际对话中颁发。 会议将于10月29日至31日在得梅因举行。
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The study found the Australian bushfires two years ago were so intense that smoke rose into the atmosphere, causing a complex set of chemical reactions that led to the loss of ozone in the layer that protects the Earth from damaging ultraviolet rays.
这项研究发现，两年前的澳大利亚林火非常猛烈，以至于烟雾上升到了大气层，造成一系列复杂的化学反应，导致臭氧的损失，臭氧层是大气中保护地球免受紫外线破坏的气层。
Satellite observations suggest a total ozone loss of 1% over the southern hemisphere within the month of March 2020 alone. Not insignificant, given the slow recovery of the ozone layer from damage caused decades ago.
卫星观测表明，仅在2020年3月，南半球上空就一共损失了1%的臭氧。鉴于臭氧层几十年前受到破坏后，恢复缓慢，这一数字不容忽视。
词汇表
bushfires 森林大火
complex 复杂的
ozone 臭氧
ultraviolet rays 紫外线
hemisphere （地球的）半球
insignificant 微不足道 -
One side of the planet probably always faces its star. Four other planets, all gas giants, are known to orbit the same star. The planet is found in our Milky Way galaxy, about 41 light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, or 9.5 trillion kilometers.
行星的一侧可能总是面向其恒星。 已知还有另外四颗行星，都是气态巨行星，绕着同一颗恒星运行。 这颗行星位于我们的银河系中，距地球约 41 光年。 一光年是光一年传播的距离，即 9.5 万亿公里。
The planet’s star is gravitationally tied to another star in the system. Having two stars in the same system is called a binary system.
该行星的恒星通过引力与系统中的另一颗恒星相连。 同一系统中有两颗恒星称为双星系统。
The other star is a red dwarf, the smallest kind of an ordinary star. The distance between these two stars is 1,000 times the distance between Earth and the sun. Light from one star takes six days to reach the other star.
另一颗恒星是红矮星，是最小的普通恒星。 这两颗恒星之间的距离是地球与太阳之间距离的1000倍。 来自一颗恒星的光需要六天才能到达另一颗恒星。
Although the rocky planet does appear to have an atmosphere, scientists say it probably should not even have one. Being so close to its star, any atmosphere should be taken away by the effects of the star.
尽管这颗岩石行星似乎确实有大气层，但科学家表示它可能根本不应该有大气层。 由于距离恒星如此之近，任何大气层都会受到恒星的影响而消失。
But gases dissolved in the planet’s large ocean of molten rock may continue to fill up the atmosphere, Hu said.
但胡说，溶解在地球上巨大的熔岩海洋中的气体可能会继续充满大气层。
“The planet cannot be habitable,” Hu added. That is because it is too hot to have liquid water, which is also considered necessary for life.
“这个星球不适合居住，”胡补充道。 这是因为太热了，无法拥有液态水，而液态水也被认为是生命所必需的。
Scientists have found other planets with an atmosphere outside our solar system. But they have all been gaseous planets, not rocky ones.
科学家们在太阳系之外发现了其他拥有大气层的行星。 但它们都是气态行星，而不是岩石行星。
As the James Webb telescope pushes the limits of space exploration, the discovery of a rocky planet with an atmosphere is a sign of progress.
随着詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜突破了太空探索的极限，发现具有大气层的岩石行星是进步的标志。
On Earth, the atmosphere warms the planet. It contains the oxygen people breathe and protects against the effects of the sun. It also creates the pressure needed for liquid water to remain on the planet’s surface.
在地球上，大气层使地球变暖。 它含有人们呼吸的氧气并防止阳光的影响。 它还产生液态水留在地球表面所需的压力。
Brice-Olivier Demory is a scientist at Switzerland’s University of Bern’s Center for Space and Habitability. He helped write the new study. He said, “On Earth, atmosphere is key for life.” He added that the findings create hope that the Webb telescope may one day find cooler planets that could support liquid water on their surface.
布里斯-奥利维耶·德莫里 (Brice-Olivier Demory) 是瑞士伯尔尼大学空间与宜居中心的科学家。 他帮助撰写了这项新研究。 他说：“在地球上，大气是生命的关键。” 他补充说，这些发现带来了希望，韦伯望远镜有一天可能会发现能够在其表面支持液态水的较冷行星。
“But,” he said, “we are not there yet.”
“但是，”他说，“我们还没有到那一步。”
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Astronomers have searched for years for rocky planets outside our solar system. They have finally found one with an atmosphere.
天文学家多年来一直在太阳系外寻找岩石行星。 他们终于找到了一个有气氛的人。
Scientists believe that a rocky planet with an atmosphere is key to sustaining life. But the planet that astronomers found offers no hope for life. Its surface is made up of molten rock.
科学家认为，具有大气层的岩石行星是维持生命的关键。 但天文学家发现的这颗行星没有生命存在的希望。 它的表面由熔岩组成。
Researchers recently called the planet a “super-Earth.” It is a rocky world much larger than our planet but smaller than the gas giant in our solar system, Neptune.
研究人员最近称这颗行星为“超级地球”。 这是一个岩石世界，比我们的星球大得多，但比太阳系中的气态巨行星海王星小。
The planet orbits extremely close to its star. The star is less bright and smaller than our own.
这颗行星的轨道非常靠近其恒星。 这颗恒星比我们的恒星更暗、更小。
Observations using two devices aboard the James Webb Space Telescope suggest there is an atmosphere. But the atmosphere may not be able to support life. It could be continuously filled up by gases that large areas of molten rock release.
使用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜上的两个设备进行的观测表明存在大气层。 但大气层可能无法维持生命。 它可以不断地被大面积熔岩释放的气体充满。
Renyu Hu is a planetary scientist with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology. He was the lead writer of the study, which appeared recently in the publication Nature.
胡仁宇是美国宇航局喷气推进实验室和加州理工学院的行星科学家。 他是这项研究的主要作者，该研究最近发表在《自然》杂志上。
Hu said, “The atmosphere is likely rich in carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, but can also have other gases such as water vapor and sulfur dioxide.” He added that current observations cannot tell what the exact atmospheric makeup is.
胡说：“大气中可能富含二氧化碳或一氧化碳，但也可能含有其他气体，例如水蒸气和二氧化硫。” 他补充说，目前的观测无法告诉我们确切的大气成分是什么。
The Webb data also did not make clear the thickness of the atmosphere. Hu said it could be as thick as Earth’s or even thicker than that of Venus. Venus has a toxic atmosphere that is the densest in our solar system.
韦伯数据也没有明确大气层的厚度。 胡说，它的厚度可能与地球一样厚，甚至比金星还要厚。 金星的有毒大气层是太阳系中最稠密的。
The planet is called 55 Cancri e. Scientists also call it Janssen. It is about 8.8 times more massive than Earth and about two times as wide.
这颗行星被称为 55 Cancri e。 科学家也称其为詹森。 它的质量约为地球的 8.8 倍，宽度约为地球的两倍。
It orbits its star at one-25th the distance between our solar system’s innermost planet Mercury and the sun. As a result, its surface temperature is about 1,725 degrees Celsius.
它绕恒星运行的距离是太阳系最内层行星水星与太阳之间距离的二十五分之一。 因此，其表面温度约为1725摄氏度。
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A Japanese town hopes to keep out crowds of visitors by building a large barrier to block views of the country’s tallest mountain, Mount Fuji.
日本的一个小镇希望通过建造一个巨大的屏障来阻挡大批游客，以阻挡该国最高峰富士山的景色。
The town is called Fujikawaguchiko. It sits on Japan’s main island of Honshu, southwest of Tokyo. The community is known for having good spots for taking pictures of Mount Fuji.
这个小镇叫做富士河口湖。 它位于东京西南部的日本主岛本州岛。 该社区以拍摄富士山的好地点而闻名。
But some locals and business owners feel there are too many misbehaving tourists. In an effort to reduce the number of visitors, city workers have started building a large black screen to block views of Mount Fuji.
但一些当地人和企业主认为，行为不端的游客太多了。 为了减少游客数量，城市工作人员开始建造一个巨大的黑屏来遮挡富士山的景色。
Michie Motomochi owns a restaurant that serves Japanese sweets near the soon-to-be-blocked photo spot. She told The Associated Press that while she welcomes visitors to the area, “there are many things about their manners that are worrying.”
Michie Motomochi 在即将被封锁的拍照点附近拥有一家供应日式甜点的餐厅。 她告诉美联社，虽然她欢迎游客来到该地区，但“他们的举止有很多令人担忧的地方。”
Motomochi said she has seen visitors crossing the road in busy traffic, leaving waste on streets, ignoring stop lights and trespassing onto private property.
元持说，她看到游客在繁忙的交通中过马路，在街道上留下垃圾，无视红绿灯，并侵入私人财产。
She noted, however, that about 80 percent of her business is driven by foreign visitors. Tourist numbers have been rising in Japan since restrictions were lifted after the COVID-19 pandemic.
然而她指出，她约 80% 的业务是由外国游客推动的。 自 COVID-19 大流行后取消限制以来，日本的游客人数一直在增加。
Motomochi said her neighborhood suddenly became a popular spot for visitors about two years ago. That is when a photo taken in the area went viral on the internet. The photo showed Mount Fuji in the background. But it appeared as though the mountain was sitting on top of a local store called Lawson.
本持说，大约两年前，她的社区突然成为游客的热门景点。 就在那时，一张在该地区拍摄的照片在互联网上疯传。 照片的背景是富士山。 但这座山似乎坐落在当地一家名为劳森的商店的顶部。
Town officials say the photo was widely shared on social media and became known online as “Mt. Fuji Lawson.” Since then, foreign tourists have crowded the neighborhood.
镇官员表示，这张照片在社交媒体上广泛传播，并在网上被称为“山”。 富士劳森。” 从那时起，外国游客就挤满了附近。
The town has tried other methods to limit bad behaviors by tourists. The town put up signs in several languages urging visitors not to run into the road. It has provided information about crosswalks. And it even hired security guards
该镇尝试了其他方法来限制游客的不良行为。 镇上竖起了多种语言的标牌，敦促游客不要跑到马路上。 它提供了有关人行横道的信息。 甚至还聘请了保安
The black screen is expected to be completed in the middle of May. It will stand 2.5 meters high and 20 meters long. Officials say the barrier will almost completely block the view of Mount Fuji.
黑屏预计5月中旬完成。 它将高 2.5 米，长 20 米。 官员称，该屏障将几乎完全挡住富士山的视线。
French tourist Anthony Hok told the AP he thinks the screen was an overreaction by city officials. He said the solution seemed “too big” for the problem the town was facing. The 26-year-old visitor suggested setting up road barriers for safety instead of blocking views for pictures.
法国游客安东尼·霍克告诉美联社，他认为该屏幕是市政府官员反应过度。 他说，这个解决方案对于该镇面临的问题来说似乎“太大了”。 这位26岁的游客建议为了安全而设置路障，而不是挡住拍照的视线。
But Helen Pull, a 34-year-old visitor from Britain, said she understood the local concerns. She said she had seen tourism “really ramped up” in the country. “I can see why people who live and work here might want to do something about that," Pull added.
但来自英国的 34 岁游客海伦·普尔 (Helen Pull) 表示，她理解当地人的担忧。 她说她看到该国的旅游业“真正蓬勃发展”。 “我可以理解为什么在这里生活和工作的人们可能想为此做点什么，”拉补充道。
Yoshihiko Ogawa runs an old rice shop in the Fujikawaguchiko area. He said overcrowding there had worsened in recent months, with tourists gathering from around 4 or 5 in the morning and talking loudly. Ogawa said crowds in the area also sometimes block his car.
小川义彦在富士河口湖地区经营一家老米店。 他说，近几个月来，那里的拥挤状况进一步恶化，游客从凌晨四五点左右就开始聚集并大声交谈。 小川说，该地区的人群有时也会堵塞他的车。
“We’ve never thought we'd face a situation like this,” Ogawa told the AP. But he added that he was unsure what the right solution might be. “I suppose we all just need to get used to it,” he said.
“我们从未想过会面临这样的情况，”小川告诉美联社。 但他补充说，他不确定正确的解决方案是什么。 “我想我们都需要习惯它，”他说。
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An American country music star has used artificial intelligence to make music again, years after suffering a stroke.
一位美国乡村音乐明星在中风多年后再次使用人工智能创作音乐。
Randy Travis is 65 years old. He was a popular country music performer in the 1980s and 1990s and won several Grammy awards during his career. But in 2013, he went to the hospital with a heart problem and later had a stroke. The stroke made it hard for Travis to speak. He has not made music since his stroke – until now.
兰迪·特拉维斯今年 65 岁。 他是20世纪80年代和90年代流行的乡村音乐表演者，在他的职业生涯中多次获得格莱美奖。 但2013年，他因心脏病入院，后来中风。 中风使特拉维斯说话变得困难。 自从中风以来，他一直没有创作音乐，直到现在。
On May 3, Travis released a new song with the help of artificial intelligence, or AI. It is called Where That Came From. Nashville, Tennessee songwriters Scotty Emerick and John Scott Sherrill wrote the song.
5月3日，Travis 在人工智能（AI）的帮助下发布了一首新歌。 它的名字叫《从哪里来》。 田纳西州纳什维尔的词曲作者斯科蒂·埃默里克和约翰·斯科特·谢里尔创作了这首歌。
Cris Lacy is co-president of Warner Music Nashville, the company that produces Travis’ music. Lacy said she contacted Travis’ wife Mary and asked “What if we could take Randy’s voice and recreate it using AI?”
克里斯·莱西 (Cris Lacy) 是纳什维尔华纳音乐公司 (Warner Music Nashville) 的联合总裁，该公司为特拉维斯 (Travis) 制作音乐。 莱西说，她联系了特拉维斯的妻子玛丽并询问“如果我们可以采用兰迪的声音并使用人工智能重新创建它怎么办？”
“We were all over that, so we were so excited,” Mary Travis said about the chance to hear her husband’s voice in a new song. “All I ever wanted since the day of the stroke was to hear that voice again.”
“我们都沉浸在这一切之中，所以我们非常兴奋，”玛丽·特拉维斯谈到有机会在一首新歌中听到她丈夫的声音时说道。 “自从中风那天起，我唯一想要的就是再次听到那个声音。”
Lacy talked with computer programmers in London about making an AI system that could recreate Travis’ voice. They produced two models. One model used 12 vocal samples from Travis’ career and the other used 42 samples. There was a lot of material to work with; the singer’s first big record, Storms of Life, came out in 1985.
莱西与伦敦的计算机程序员讨论了如何制作一个可以重现特拉维斯声音的人工智能系统。 他们生产了两种型号。 一个模型使用了 Travis 职业生涯中的 12 个声音样本，另一个模型使用了 42 个样本。 有很多材料可供使用； 这位歌手的第一张大唱片《Storms of Life》于 1985 年发行。
Travis’ long-time music producer is Kyle Lehning. He said Where That Came From was a song that fit Travis’ way of singing. When Travis was at the top of his career, he was known for a more traditional kind of country music. It was a contrast to the pop-country songs that were popular in the late 1980s.
特拉维斯的长期音乐制作人是凯尔·莱宁。 他说《Where That Came From》是一首适合特拉维斯演唱方式的歌曲。 当特拉维斯（Travis）处于职业生涯的巅峰时，他以更传统的乡村音乐而闻名。 这与 20 世纪 80 年代末流行的流行乡村歌曲形成鲜明对比。
Lehning talked about the process of making the song. First, another singer recorded the song in what is known as a “demo.” Then the AI system analyzed the song and applied Travis’ voice to it.
莱宁谈到了这首歌的制作过程。 首先，另一位歌手以所谓的“演示”形式录制了这首歌。 然后人工智能系统分析了这首歌并将特拉维斯的声音应用到其中。
“I really wish somebody had been here with a camera,” Lehning said about the experience of watching the computer apply Travis’ voice to the song. “And it was stunning, to me, how good it was … right off the bat.”
“我真的希望有人带着相机来到这里，”莱宁谈到观看电脑将特拉维斯的声音应用到歌曲中的经历时说道。 “对我来说，这真是太棒了……立刻就变得多么好。”
Lehning said some parts of the sound created by the computer were “not authentic to Randy’s performance.” Lehning worked with Casey Wood, a recording engineer who knew Travis well, to get it right.
莱宁表示，计算机产生的声音的某些部分“与兰迪的表演并不真实”。 莱宁与熟悉特拉维斯的录音工程师凯西·伍德合作，以确保其正确。
The two music professionals used sound parts from both vocal models. They made changes to the speed of some of the sounds. Lehning said Travis is “a laid-back singer,” so they had to slow down some parts. They wanted to keep an “old soul quality” in Travis’ voice.
两位音乐专业人士使用了两位声乐模型的声音部分。 他们改变了一些声音的速度。 莱宁说特拉维斯是“一位悠闲的歌手”，所以他们不得不放慢一些部分的速度。 他们希望特拉维斯的声音保持“古老的灵魂品质”。
Lehning said they were able to improve on the AI version. And Mary Travis said the final version of her husband’s song is much different than what happens when a computer programmer uses AI to create something without permission.
Lehning 表示他们能够改进人工智能版本。 玛丽·特拉维斯 (Mary Travis) 表示，她丈夫歌曲的最终版本与计算机程序员未经许可使用人工智能创建某些东西时发生的情况有很大不同。
She called the producers’ and engineers’ work on the project “the human element.”
她将该项目的制作人和工程师的工作称为“人的因素”。
She added that her husband had a thoughtful look on his face when he first heard the song. “I think he went through every emotion there was in those three minutes of just hearing his voice again,” Mary Travis said.
她补充说，当她丈夫第一次听到这首歌时，脸上露出若有所思的表情。 “我认为，在再次听到他的声音的那三分钟里，他经历了所有的情绪，”玛丽·特拉维斯说。
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Venice is a fragile jewel faced with rising sea levels from climate change and mass tourism. Of the estimated 30 million visitors a year, around two thirds are day trippers, placing sites under huge strain.
威尼斯就像一颗脆弱的宝石，一方面面临着气候变化导致海平面上升的威胁，同时也需要应对大量游客带来的挑战。每年约有3000万名游客访问威尼斯，约三分之二是当天往返的一日游游客，这给威尼斯带来了游客大批涌入的巨大压力。
词汇表
fragile 脆弱的
jewel 宝石，比喻威尼斯 “精美绝伦，独一无二”
mass tourism （尤指游客数量多的）大众旅游
day trippers 一日游游客
trial scheme 试行方案
discourage 阻止，为…设置障碍
descending 涌入
critics 批评者，反对者
minimal cost 极低的费用
fundamental problems 根本问题
overtourism “过度旅游”，指游客数量过多Now they'll have to pay €5 to enter the city in a trial scheme in place on specific days over the next few months. The aim, say the authorities, is to discourage crowds descending at certain times, adding that the plan, the first such one in the world, could be extended in duration and price. Critics say the ticket is a minimal cost that will not address Venice's fundamental problems.
现在一项试行方案规定，在未来几个月的特定旅游高峰日，一日游游客们必须支付5欧元才能进城观光。威尼斯官方表示，这样做的目的是阻止人群在特定日子大批涌入威尼斯，并补充说，作为世界上首个推行 “进城费” 的方案，试行收费的时间可能会延长，价格也可能会上调。反对 “进城费” 方案的人说，收费很低，无法解决威尼斯面临的根本问题。
Other cities facing similar overtourism challenges will be watching closely to see if it works.
其它面临类似客流量过大问题的城市将密切关注该试行方案，看它是否奏效。
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