Эпизоды
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一、现在完成进行时：have been doing
结构：主语 + have/has been + 动词 - ing 形式
含义：表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能仍在进行或刚刚结束。
例句：I have been doing my homework for 2 hours.（我已经做了 2 小时作业了。）
She has been learning Chinese since 2020.（她从 2020 年起一直在学中文。）
补充：
常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 连用。
强调动作的 持续性 和 重复性。二、过去习惯：used to do
结构：主语 + used to + 动词原形
含义：表示过去经常做某事，但现在已不再做（对比现在的情况）。
例句：I used to live in the countryside.（我以前住在乡下。）
They used to play football every weekend.（他们以前每周末都踢足球。）
注意：
否定形式：didn’t use to do 或 used not to do（后者较正式）。
He didn’t use to like coffee.（他以前不喜欢咖啡。）
疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to do?
Did you use to ride a bike to school?（你以前骑车上学吗？）三、委婉请求 / 意愿：would like to do
结构：主语 + would like to + 动词原形（would 可缩写为’d）
含义：礼貌地表达愿望或意图，比 “want to do” 更委婉。
例句：I’d like to travel to Japan next year.（我想明年去日本旅行。）
Would you like to join us for dinner?（你想和我们一起吃晚饭吗？）
补充：
后接名词时：would like sth.
She would like a cup of tea.（她想要一杯茶。）
否定形式：would not like to do（wouldn’t like to do）。四、表将来的短暂意图：be about to do（注意拼写！）
结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) about to + 动词原形
含义：表示即将发生的动作，强调 “正要做某事”（通常不与具体时间连用）。
例句：I am about to take a walk.（我正要去散步。）
The train is about to leave.（火车即将发车。）
五、道歉用语：didn’t mean to do
结构：主语 + didn’t mean to + 动词原形
含义：表示 “并非故意做某事”，用于道歉或解释无心之失。
例句：I didn’t mean to break your phone.（我不是故意摔坏你手机的。）
He didn’t mean to make you angry.（他无意惹你生气。）
补充：
肯定形式：mean to do（有意做某事）
Do you mean to quit your job?（你打算辞职吗？）
后接动词 - ing 形式时，mean doing sth. 表示 “意味着做某事”
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.（错过公交意味着再等一小时。）
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一、be working on 的用法
结构：
1. 搭配名词
be 动词（am/is/are）+ working on + 名词 / 动名词
含义：表示 “正在致力于某事”，强调 “专注于某项具体工作 / 任务的过程”。具体事物：
I'm working on a new project for the company.
（我正在为公司做一个新项目。）She's working on her master's thesis.
（她正在写硕士论文。）抽象概念：
They're working on improving team communication.
（他们正在努力改善团队沟通。）He's working on his patience.
（他正在培养自己的耐心。）2. 搭配动名词（较少见，但语法正确）I'm working on organizing a charity event.
（我正在筹备一场慈善活动。）She's working on learning French before the trip.
（她正在为旅行前学习法语做准备。）二、be thinking about 的用法
结构：
1. 搭配名词
be 动词（am/is/are）+ thinking about + 名词 / 动名词
含义：表示 “正在考虑某事”，侧重 “在脑海中反复思考、计划或权衡”。I'm thinking about the job offer.
（我正在考虑那份工作邀请。）They're thinking about a career change.
（他们在考虑转行。）2. 搭配动名词（更常见）I'm thinking about starting my own business.
（我正在考虑创业。）He's thinking about moving to a new city.
（他在考虑搬到一个新城市。）She's thinking about taking up painting as a hobby.
（她在考虑开始学画画作为爱好。）be dying to do sth 的用法
结构：
经典例句
be 动词（am/is/are）+ dying to + 动词原形
含义：表示 “极其渴望做某事”，语气比 “want to do sth” 更强烈，带有迫不及待的情感，常用于口语。I'm dying to visit Paris someday.
（我非常想有一天去巴黎看看。）She's dying to try the new restaurant downtown.
（她超级想去试试市中心的新餐厅。）They're dying to see their favorite band live.
（他们极其渴望看喜欢的乐队的现场演出。）注意事项不可接动名词（-ing）：
只能说 be dying to do sth，不能说 be dying to doing sth。
错误：I'm dying to trying Japanese food.
正确：I'm dying to try Japanese food.表示 “出现、露面、出席”，是不及物动词短语，后接宾语时需用 show up + to/at + 地点 / 事件。
1. show up + to + 活动 / 会议（抽象名词）show up to sth
I'm afraid I can't show up to the meeting.
（我恐怕没法出席会议了。）Did everyone show up to the party?
（所有人都来参加派对了吗？）show up to do sth（接动词不定式表示目的）
He showed up to apologize.
（他露面是为了道歉。）They showed up to support their friend.
（他们到场支持朋友。）2. show up + at + 具体地点show up at sth
She showed up at the airport late.
（她很晚才到机场。）Don't show up at my house uninvited!
（别不请自来出现在我家！）常见误区不能直接接宾语：
I have to do sth 的用法
错误：He didn't show up the event.
正确：He didn't show up to/at the event结构：
例句解析
have to + 动词原形
含义：表示 “必须做某事”，强调客观要求或义务（对比：must 强调主观意愿）。I have to finish this report by Friday.
（我必须在周五前完成这份报告。）You have to wear a seatbelt in the car.
（在车上必须系安全带。）They had to cancel the trip due to bad weather.
（由于天气恶劣，他们不得不取消旅行。）否定与疑问形式否定：don't/doesn't/didn't have to do sth（表示 “不必做某事”）
You don't have to come if you're busy.
（如果你忙的话，不必来。）疑问：Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to do sth?
Does she have to work on weekends?
（她周末必须工作吗？）
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Пропущенные эпизоды?
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表达擅长：i'm good at（后接名词等）
表示要去：i'm getting（后接名词）
表达想要：i wanna（后接动词原形）
表达需要：i need to（后接动词原形）
表示将要：i'm gonna（=i'm going to，后接动词原形）
表示不习惯：i'm not used to（后接名词或动名词）
表示不确定：i'm not sure if（后接完整句子，he、she、they 等开头）
表达习惯或爱好做某事：enjoy doing something
举例：
i'm enjoying cooking（表达喜好做饭）
i'm getting a beef jerky（要去拿牛肉干）
i'm gonna/i'm going to start learning English（将要开始学英语）
i'm not sure if i'm qualified for this new position（不确定是否胜任新职位）
i'm not sure if they will come to the meeting（不确定他们是否来开会）
i'm looking forward to（后接名词或动名词，表示将来）
i'm looking forward to this weekend（期待这个周末）
i'm looking forward to visiting a new country this winter（期待冬天参观新国家）
“i'm good at”：“be good at” 是固定短语，意为 “擅长”，at 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。
“i'm getting”：这里的 “get” 常见含义有 “得到、去取” 等，“be doing” 形式表示现在进行时表将来，后接名词表示要去获得或拿取某物。
“i wanna”：“wanna” 是 “want to” 的口语化表达，后面接动词原形，表示 “想要做某事”。
“i need to”：“need” 作为实义动词，“need to do sth.” 表示 “需要做某事”，后接动词原形。
“i'm gonna/i'm going to”：“be going to do sth.” 是一般将来时的一种表达，“gonna” 是 “going to” 的口语形式，后面接动词原形，表示计划、打算或即将要做某事。
“i'm not used to”：“be used to” 表示 “习惯于”，“to” 是介词，后面可以接名词、代词或动名词形式，“not” 表示否定，即 “不习惯做某事”。
“i'm not sure if...”：“be sure” 表示 “确定”，“not sure” 表示 “不确定”，“if” 引导宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，用来表达不确定的事情。
“enjoy doing something”：“enjoy” 是及物动词，后接动名词形式作宾语，表示喜欢、习惯做某事。
“i'm looking forward to”：“look forward to” 是固定短语，“to” 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式，表示期待做某事。
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Governments have to spend a lot of money in taking care of the elderly. On top of that, essential services have problems with funds such as education.
政府不得不花费大量资金来照顾老年人。除此之外，像教育等基础服务在资金方面也存在问题。
It is widely known that most medical needs and costs occur in the last years of life.
众所周知，大多数医疗需求和费用都出现在人生的最后几年。
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Although senior citizens can make contribution, the demographic trend may lead to some problems.
尽管老年人能够做出贡献，但人口结构变化趋势可能会引发一些问题。
One problem about an aging population is that the expense will escalate in health care, imposing a burden on taxpayers.
人口老龄化带来的一个问题是医疗保健方面的费用将会不断攀升，这给纳税人造成了负担。
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Thank you all for coming to my talk this evening.
很高兴看到有这么多听众到场。
It's nice to see so many people in the audience.
很高兴看到有这么多听众到场。
It bought a small number of campsites in the UK and began offering camping holidays.
它在英国收购了几处露营地，然后开始提供露营度假服务。
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What about the fare?那费用是多少呢？
I just have to fill this form out for you.我需要为你填写这张表格。
That's my departure date. 那是我的出发日期。
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Especially if it will take me straight to the hotel.
特别是如果它能直接把我送到酒店的话。
That'll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I am there.
只需提前预留几天时间，以确保你能订到一个座位。
Just allow a couple of days in advance to make sure you get a seat.
只需提前预留几天时间，以确保你能订到一个座位。
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当元音后面紧跟着一个清辅音，同时清辅音后面舌侧音比如说音标 /l/，则中间这个清辅音要浊化。
在美音中，当/t/出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读音节时，常常会发生浊化现象，听起来类似/d/音例如：- “little”，美音发音为/ˈlɪdl̩/，这里的/t/浊化成类似/d/的音。- “battle”，美音可发音为/ˈbædl̩/，/t/也有浊化倾向。- “bottle”，美音中可能发成/ˈbɑːdl̩/，/t/同样会浊化。- “kettle”，美音发音类似/ˈkedl̩/，/t/被浊化。- “title”，美音常读作/ˈtaɪdl̩/，/t/浊化为类似/d/的音。不过需要注意的是，这种浊化并不是严格的规则，不同的人发音可能会有差异，而且在英音中这种浊化现象相对不那么明显。
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Because of the development in technology and the increase in people's wealth, people's life expectancy has been increasing all the time.
“由于技术的发展和人们财富的增加，人们的预期寿命一直在不断增长”的意思。
英语现在完成进行时的结构是：**have/has been + 现在分词**。- **示例**：I have been reading this book for two hours.（我已经读这本书两个小时了。）- **用法**： - 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还在继续进行。例如：He has been working in this company since 2010.（他从2010年起就一直在这家公司工作。） - 强调动作在一段时间内的持续性和重复性。例如：They have been meeting regularly for the past few months.（在过去的几个月里，他们定期见面。）- **与现在完成时的区别**：现在完成时强调动作的完成或对现在的影响，而现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续进行。例如，“I have painted the wall.”（我已经把墙刷完了，强调完成）；“I have been painting the wall.”（我一直在刷墙，强调动作一直在持续）。
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结构开头段：主要是引入话题，介绍背景信息，让读者了解文章讨论的主题是什么，然后明确提出自己的观点，表明立场。例如，可以使用一些社会现象、数据或相关的热门话题来引出题目中的主题，接着用一句话清晰地阐述自己对该主题的看法，比如 “Personally, I firmly believe that...”。观点明确：在文章开头就必须明确表达自己的观点，并且在整个文章中保持观点一致，不能模棱两可。
第一段完全写出第一批人的看法，一定要说这批人的看法为什么是对的？这一段不能质疑他们，我们所练习的这篇文章就写这第一批人为什么觉得孩子们就应该遵守规则。
第二段主要写第二批人的看法，一定要说第二批人为什么就一定认为孩子不能能不要遵守规则是对的，这段也不质疑他们。
第三段写你自己的看法，并且这一段可以作为最后一段结尾段。
最后给你另外一段相关文章作为补充和参考，相信你一定能学会。
开头段
In modern society, there is an ongoing debate regarding how children should be raised, especially in terms of rule - following. A common social phenomenon we often observe is that in schools, some children are highly obedient to rules, while others seem to be more rebellious. This has led to two distinct groups of opinions. One group firmly believes that children should strictly follow rules.
主体段第一段（阐述第一批人认为孩子应遵守规则的原因）
The first group holds the view that children should abide by rules for several crucial reasons. Rules, to begin with, provide a sense of structure and order in a child's life. For example, in a classroom setting, rules such as raising hands before speaking ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to express themselves, and the learning environment remains organized. This helps children develop good habits and discipline from an early age. Moreover, rules in society, like traffic rules, are designed for safety. When children learn to follow these rules, they are protecting themselves. For instance, teaching a child to always look both ways before crossing the street can prevent potential accidents. In this way, by following rules, children are better prepared to fit into society and lead a more stable life.
主体段第二段（阐述第二批人认为孩子不必遵守规则的原因）
On the other hand, the second group argues that children should not always be bound by rules. They claim that excessive rule - following can suppress a child's creativity. When children are constantly told what to do and what not to do, they may become afraid to think outside the box. For example, in an art class, if there are strict rules about how to draw a certain object, children's unique artistic expressions may be stifled. Additionally, this group believes that allowing children some freedom from rules helps them learn to make decisions independently. By experiencing the consequences of their own actions when not restricted by rigid rules, children can develop a better understanding of cause and effect. For instance, if a child is given the freedom to decide when to do their homework within a certain time frame, they can learn about time management through trial and error.
结尾段（阐述自己的看法）
In my perspective, both views have their merits. Rules are essential as they lay the foundation for a child's social and personal development, ensuring their safety and teaching them discipline. However, complete suppression of a child's freedom by rules is also not ideal. A balanced approach is needed. We should set necessary rules for children, especially those related to safety and basic social ethics, while also providing them with enough room for exploration and creativity. This way, children can grow up to be both responsible citizens and innovative individuals.
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如果学生被引导以一种方式去解决数学问题，他们很少会再尝试用另一种新的方式去解决。
语法上，这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句，从句“ If students are directed to solve math problems in one way”使用了一般现在时的被动语态，“are directed”表示“被引导”，表达学生是动作“引导”的承受者。主句“they will rarely try again in another new way”使用了一般将来时，“rarely”是频率副词，表示“很少”。整个句子语法结构正确。
The problems in the real world are complicated, and people can't tackle these problems without using imagination.
翻译：现实世界中的问题是复杂的，而且人们如果不运用想象力就无法解决这些问题。分析：1. **语法方面**：句子是由and连接的并列句。前半句“The problems in the real world are complicated”是主系表结构，“in the real world”作后置定语修饰“problems” 。后半句“people can't tackle these problems without using imagination”中，“without using imagination”是介词短语作条件状语，“can't tackle”是谓语部分，语法结构合理，表达正确。
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Children don't dare to practice their ideas because they are afraid of being punished for not obeying rules.
孩子们不敢去践行他们的想法，因为他们害怕因不遵守规则而受到惩罚。
由“because”引导的原因状语从句。主句是“Children don't dare to practice their ideas”，其中“dare”在这里是实义动词，“dare to do sth.”表示“敢于做某事”，否定形式借助助动词“don't”。 - 从句“because they are afraid of being punished for not obeying rules”中，“be afraid of”是固定短语，意为“害怕”，后接动名词形式“being punished”，这里是动名词的被动语态，表示“被惩罚”；“for not obeying rules”是介词短语作原因状语，“for”表示“因为”，“obeying rules”是“遵守规则”，“not”对“obeying rules”进行否定。
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Children are unlikely to get success in their careers.
孩子们不太可能在他们的职业生涯中取得成功。
“Children”是“孩子，儿童”的复数形式，在这里作句子的主语。- “are unlikely to”是一个固定短语，“unlikely”是形容词，意为“不太可能的”，“be unlikely to do sth.”表示“不太可能做某事”，这里“are”是系动词，与“unlikely”构成系表结构，后面接动词不定式“get” 。- “get success”表示“取得成功”，“get”在这里是一个常用的动词，与“success”搭配表示获得某种成果。- “in their careers”是一个介词短语，作状语，“in”表示“在……方面”，“their careers”即“他们的职业生涯”，说明“取得成功”的领域是在职业生涯方面。
Strict rules can strifle children's creativity and they are not able to solve problems in different ways.
严格的规则会扼杀孩子们的创造力，而且他们无法以不同的方式解决问题。
“Strict rules”：“strict”是形容词，意为“严格的”，“rules”是名词“规则”的复数形式，“strict rules”即“严格的规则”，在句子中作主语。- “can strifle”：“can”是情态动词，表示“能够、可以”，“strifle”是动词，意思是“扼杀、抑制”，“can strifle”构成谓语部分，表示“能够扼杀”。- “children's creativity”：“children's”是名词所有格形式，意为“孩子们的”，“creativity”是名词“创造力”，“children's creativity”即“孩子们的创造力”，作“strifle”的宾语。- “and”：是连词，在这里起到连接两个并列分句的作用，表顺承关系。- “they are not able to”：“they”指代前面提到的“children”，作主语；“are not able to”是“be able to”（能够）的否定形式，“are”是系动词，“not”是否定词，“be not able to do sth.”表示“不能做某事”。- “solve problems”：“solve”是动词“解决”，“problems”是名词“问题”的复数形式，“solve problems”即“解决问题”，作“are not able to”的宾语。- “in different ways”：“in”是介词，“different”是形容词“不同的”，“ways”是名词“方式、方法”的复数形式，“in different ways”是介词短语作状语，修饰“solve problems”，表示“以不同的方式”。
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They may not know how to manage time themselves as a result of strict upbringing and they are not able to decide what to do in the workplace without their parents' direction.
由于严格的教养方式，他们可能不知道如何自行管理时间，而且在工作场所如果没有父母的指导，他们也无法决定该做些什么。
Children are so dependent on rules that they don't have the ability to solve problems by themselves.
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Sometimes rules will not have a positive influence on children if parents who establish strict rules solely emphasize children's obedience.
有时候，如果那些制定严格规则的家长仅仅强调孩子要服从，那么这些规则可能不会对孩子产生积极的影响。
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For example, children can learn how to show good manners and get along with others. These are important skills in adult life.
例如，孩子们可以学习如何表现出良好的举止以及如何与他人相处。这些都是成年生活中的重要技能。
If we don't have rules to stop using bad language or bullying others, they will not know how to deal with social relationships in adulthood.这句话的意思是：如果我们没有（制定）规则来制止使用脏话或欺负他人（这类行为），那么他们在成年后将不知道如何处理社会关系。
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That's the airport shuttle that will take you from the airport right to your hotel or private address.
那就是机场接送班车，它会把你从机场直接送到你的酒店或者私人住址。
There is one every two hours.
每两小时就有一趟（班车）。
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We are due to get there at 11:30 a.m. 。我们预计上午 11 点 30 分到达那里。
It depends what time your flight gets in.
这取决于你的航班什么时候抵达。
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Whereabouts does it Stop in Milton?
翻译：它在米尔顿的什么地方停靠呢？解析：- “whereabouts” 是疑问副词，意为“（在）什么地方；靠近什么地方”，在这里引导特殊疑问句，用于询问地点。- “does” 是助动词，因为句子的主语是 “it”，且谓语动词 “stop” 是实义动词，在一般现在时的疑问句中，需要借助助动词 “does” 来构成疑问语序，同时后面的动词 “stop” 要用原形。- “it” 是句子的主语，指代前文提到的某种交通工具等（根据上下文来确定具体所指）。- “stop” 是谓语动词，意为“停靠；停下”。- “in Milton” 是地点状语，表明停靠的地点范围是在米尔顿这个地方。
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