Эпизоды
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Part 2: Reconnaissance & Footprinting (15 Questions)
1. What is the main goal of the reconnaissance phase in ethical hacking?
• A) Exploiting vulnerabilities
• B) Identifying security controls
• C) Gathering target information
• D) Delivering payloads
Answer: C) Gathering target information
Explanation: Reconnaissance involves collecting details like domains, IPs, employee info, and network architecture.
2. Which is an example of passive reconnaissance?
• A) Nmap port scan
• B) Social media monitoring
• C) Phishing attack
• D) SQL injection
Answer: B) Social media monitoring
Explanation: Passive reconnaissance gathers public info without engaging the target, like WHOIS lookups or Google Dorking.
3. Which tool performs WHOIS lookups?
• A) Maltego
• B) nslookup
• C) WHOIS
• D) Nikto
Answer: C) WHOIS
Explanation: WHOIS reveals domain registration, owner details, and DNS info.
4. Which technique extracts sensitive data via search engines?
• A) Google Dorking
• B) DNS Spoofing
• C) Phishing
• D) ARP Poisoning
Answer: A) Google Dorking
Explanation: Google Dorking uses search operators to locate exposed files and misconfigured servers.
5. Which command performs DNS zone transfers?
• A) nslookup
• B) whois
• C) dig
• D) ping
Answer: C) dig
Explanation: The dig command queries DNS records like A, MX, and TXT for zone information.
6. What reconnaissance technique intercepts wireless communications?
• A) Phishing
• B) Wardriving
• C) Social engineering
• D) Footprinting
Answer: B) Wardriving
Explanation: Wardriving involves driving around to locate unsecured Wi-Fi networks.
7. Which tool gathers email addresses linked to a domain?
• A) TheHarvester
• B) Nikto
• C) Nessus
• D) Hydra
Answer: A) TheHarvester
Explanation: TheHarvester collects emails, domains, and employee info via search engines and public sources.
8. What technique identifies a target’s network range and IP structure?
• A) Banner grabbing
• B) Port scanning
• C) Footprinting
• D) Fingerprinting
Answer: C) Footprinting
Explanation: Footprinting maps IP addresses, DNS info, and system configurations.
9. Which tool maps relationships between organizations, social media, and domains?
• A) Maltego
• B) Metasploit
• C) Nikto
• D) sqlmap
Answer: A) Maltego
Explanation: Maltego visualizes connections across networks and social platforms.
10. Which command identifies a domain’s mail server?
• A) ping
• B) traceroute
• C) nslookup
• D) netcat
Answer: C) nslookup
Explanation: nslookup -type=MX [domain] reveals mail server info.
11. Which method uses impersonation or pretexting to gather information?
• A) Passive reconnaissance
• B) Active reconnaissance
• C) Human reconnaissance
• D) Hybrid reconnaissance
Answer: C) Human reconnaissance
Explanation: Human reconnaissance exploits social engineering tactics to extract data.
12. Which tool maps web application attack surfaces?
• A) Burp Suite
• B) Aircrack-ng
• C) Hashcat
• D) Ettercap
Answer: A) Burp Suite
Explanation: Burp Suite identifies web application vulnerabilities.
13. Which technique targets employees with customized attacks?
• A) Whaling
• B) Footprinting
• C) Spear phishing
• D) Dumpster diving
Answer: C) Spear phishing
Explanation: Spear phishing personalizes attacks using gathered employee details.
14. Which reconnaissance type directly interacts with target systems?
• A) Passive reconnaissance
• B) Active reconnaissance
• C) Hybrid reconnaissance
• D) Dynamic reconnaissance
Answer: B) Active reconnaissance
Explanation: Active reconnaissance involves direct engagement like port scanning.
15. Which technique retrieves sensitive data from discarded items?
• A) Baiting
• B) Dumpster diving
• C) Tailgating
• D) Pharming
Answer: B) Dumpster diving
Explanation: Dumpster diving involves searching trash for useful data.
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Part 1: Ethical Hacking Fundamentals (10 Questions)
1. What is the main aim of a penetration test?
• A) Network performance issues
• B) Find vulnerabilities before attackers
• C) Enhance software development
• D) Prevent unauthorized access
Answer: B) Find vulnerabilities before attackers
2. Which method uses tools to check systems for known weaknesses?
• A) Fuzzing
• B) Static Analysis
• C) Vulnerability Scanning
• D) Social Engineering
Answer: C) Vulnerability Scanning
3. What distinguishes a black-box from a white-box penetration test?
• A) White-box testers have no knowledge of the system
• B) Black-box testers mimic insiders
• C) Black-box testers have no prior system knowledge
• D) White-box testers focus on social engineering
Answer: C) Black-box testers have no prior system knowledge
4. Which attack vector targets the human element in security?
• A) Phishing
• B) DNS Spoofing
• C) ARP Poisoning
• D) MITM Attack
Answer: A) Phishing
5. Which security framework provides key controls for enterprise networks?
• A) ISO 27001
• B) OWASP Top 10
• C) MITRE ATT&CK
• D) NIST 800-53
Answer: D) NIST 800-53
6. What type of hacker is driven by social, political, or ideological causes?
• A) Black Hat
• B) White Hat
• C) Gray Hat
• D) Hacktivist
Answer: D) Hacktivist
7. What is the main goal of a honeypot?
• A) Encrypt network data
• B) Monitor user behavior
• C) Distract attackers and gather intelligence
• D) Protect against SQL Injection
Answer: C) Distract attackers and gather intelligence
8. What is the primary purpose of the OWASP Top 10?
• A) Compliance audit checklist
• B) Encryption algorithm standards
• C) Guideline for identifying web application risks
• D) Tool for zero-day vulnerabilities tracking
Answer: C) Guideline for identifying web application risks
9. Which phase of ethical hacking identifies active IP addresses in the target network?
• A) Reconnaissance
• B) Scanning
• C) Gaining Access
• D) Covering Tracks
Answer: B) Scanning
10. What legal agreement defines an ethical hacker’s authorized actions during testing?
• A) Service Level Agreement (SLA)
• B) Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
• C) Rules of Engagement (RoE)
• D) End-User License Agreement (EULA)
Answer: C) Rules of Engagement (RoE)
Bonus: What is a passive reconnaissance method?
• A) Nmap Scan
• B) Social Engineering
• C) WHOIS Lookup
• D) SQL Injection
Answer: C) WHOIS Lookup
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Пропущенные эпизоды?
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Edward Henriquez's podcast episode, "Decoded: Web Application Hacking," uses "The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook" as a foundation to explore prevalent web application attacks. The episode introduces fundamental concepts and then examines specific vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and command injection, explaining how these attacks are executed and their potential impact. For each attack type, Henriquez provides illustrative scenarios and outlines key defense strategies. The podcast concludes by emphasizing the continuous nature of web security and the importance of proactive measures like secure development practices and penetration testing.
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The Decoded podcast episode, hosted by Edward Henriquez, explores real-world hacking tactics drawn from Peter Kim's Hacker Playbook series, moving beyond fictional portrayals. It details the stages of an attack, starting with reconnaissance using OSINT and tools like Shodan and Nmap to gather information. The episode then examines exploitation techniques that target vulnerabilities with tools such as Burp Suite and Mimikatz. Further discussion covers pivoting and escalation within a network using methods like pass-the-hash and PowerShell Empire. Finally, the podcast addresses how attackers cover their tracks and provides key defensive strategies like penetration testing and employee training to mitigate these threats.
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The podcast episode "Decoded – Unmasking the CEH" provides a comprehensive guide to the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification. Hosted by Edward Henriquez, the episode outlines what the CEH is, its significance in cybersecurity, and the career opportunities it can unlock. It thoroughly breaks down the 20 domains covered in the CEH exam, including topics like reconnaissance, network scanning, system hacking, and web application attacks. The podcast also offers advice on how to effectively prepare for the exam, suggesting study materials, hands-on practice, and the use of specific tools. Furthermore, it discusses the value of the CEH certification in comparison to other cybersecurity credentials. Ultimately, the episode aims to equip listeners with a clear understanding of the CEH and the steps needed to pursue it.
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Decoded: The Open-Source Arsenal – Deep Dive into DFIR Tools is a podcast episode hosted by Edward Henriquez that explores a variety of open-source tools critical for digital forensics and incident response (DFIR). The episode examines tools used in disk and memory forensics, such as Autopsy, The Sleuth Kit, Volatility, and Rekall, for analyzing compromised systems and memory dumps. It further discusses network forensics with Wireshark, Zeek, and Suricata for traffic analysis and threat detection. Additionally, the episode covers log and event analysis using the ELK Stack and Graylog, as well as malware analysis with YARA, Ghidra, and Radare2. Finally, it touches upon incident response and threat hunting tools like Velociraptor, GRR Rapid Response, and Osquery, and concludes with cloud forensics tools for AWS and GCP, highlighting their importance in uncovering cyber threats.
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This podcast episode of "Decoded" explores the importance of Unix in cybersecurity. It traces Unix's origins and its influence on modern operating systems and security practices. The episode highlights essential Unix commands for security professionals and explains effective patching and update strategies. It also shows how to use Ansible for automating Unix security tasks such as enforcing policies, deploying intrusion detection tools, and managing user privileges. Ultimately, the podcast underscores why proficiency in Unix is critical for anyone serious about a career in cybersecurity.
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Edward Henriquez hosts the "Decoded Podcast". The YouTube video by "UnixGuy | Cyber Security" outlines a comprehensive six-month plan for individuals seeking entry-level cybersecurity positions without prior experience or degrees. It emphasizes practical, hands-on skills, starting with the Google Cybersecurity Certificate. The plan includes resume building, focusing on relevant experience, immediately applying for jobs to gain confidence, becoming a cybersecurity generalist before specializing, participating in virtual internships, and engaging in intermediate-level training.
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PurpleLab is an open-source cybersecurity lab designed to help security teams detect, analyze, and simulate cyber threats. It provides a sandboxed environment with tools for testing detection rules, generating realistic logs, and executing malware. The lab includes a web interface, a Windows 10 virtual machine with forensic tools, and integration with the ELK stack for log analysis. Administrators can configure LDAP settings and API keys, as well as set up integration with Splunk. PurpleLab requires a clean installation of Ubuntu Server 22.04 and offers various pages for monitoring, hunting, simulating attacks, and managing system health.
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This podcast episode of Decoded, hosted by Edward Henriquez, addresses the ever-present threat of password cracking. It explores three common methods used by hackers: brute force attacks, dictionary attacks, and rainbow table attacks. For each technique, Henriquez provides real-world examples of successful breaches, highlighting the potential damage. Most importantly, the podcast offers actionable advice on how individuals and organizations can strengthen their password security through strategies like using long, complex passwords, enabling multi-factor authentication, and implementing robust password policies. The goal is to empower listeners with the knowledge to defend themselves against these prevalent cyber threats.
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This curated list highlights top books for mastering Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT). The texts cover diverse aspects, from cybercrime investigation and strategic thinking to human rights documentation and digital privacy. Several books offer practical guidance on OSINT techniques, data analysis, and ethical considerations. Some focus on applying OSINT in specific domains like cybersecurity and corporate due diligence. Others explore the psychological dimensions of social engineering for ethical intelligence gathering. Overall, the collection equips readers with comprehensive knowledge for leveraging publicly available data across various fields.
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The CrowdStrike 2024 Threat Hunting Report analyzes the evolving cyber threat landscape over the past year. It highlights the rise of stealthy, cross-domain attacks targeting identity, endpoints, and cloud environments. The report emphasizes the increasing use of legitimate tools like RMM software by adversaries for malicious purposes and insider threats exploiting recruitment processes. CrowdStrike's OverWatch team uses threat intelligence, AI, and proactive hunting to detect and disrupt these advanced threats, ultimately strengthening the Falcon platform's defenses. Case studies illustrate real-world examples of adversaries like SCATTERED SPIDER and FAMOUS CHOLLIMA, and detail the tactics used to counter them.
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This podcast episode discusses using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance cybersecurity. It focuses on running Large Language Models (LLMs) locally for improved security, pretraining AI models for threat detection and anomaly identification, and building AI-driven proof-of-concept security tools. Specific open-source LLMs like DeepSeek, Tulu-3, and Tongyi are highlighted for their applications in various security tasks. The episode emphasizes the benefits of AI in automating security workflows, improving response times, and reducing alert fatigue. Finally, it promotes building custom AI security tools using readily available technologies like Docker and Fast-LLM.
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Ethical hacker Ryan Montgomery demonstrates various hacking techniques in a YouTube video, highlighting vulnerabilities in Wi-Fi networks, wireless devices (keyboards, mice, car keys), and even seemingly innocuous devices like vacuum cleaners. He showcases attacks like man-in-the-middle attacks and zero-click exploits, emphasizing how easily personal data (passwords, credit card information) can be stolen. The video stresses the importance of proactive security measures, including using password managers, antivirus software, RFID-blocking wallets, and regularly updating software. Ultimately, the video serves as a wake-up call regarding the pervasive nature of cyber threats and the need for enhanced digital security.
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Edward Henriquez's CyberFrontiers podcast episode discusses the rising threat of deepfakes and AI-driven social engineering. The podcast explains how deepfake technology uses AI to create realistic but fake audio and video, providing examples of real-world fraudulent activities. It then highlights efforts by tech companies and government agencies to develop deepfake detection technologies. Finally, it offers practical advice for individuals and businesses to protect themselves from these sophisticated attacks, emphasizing the need for increased skepticism and multi-factor authentication. The episode concludes by advocating for stronger regulations and ethical AI development to combat the misuse of deepfake technology.
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This podcast episode, "Patch or Perish," advocates for improved endpoint patch management to boost ROI. It highlights the substantial financial risks of inadequate patching, citing costly data breaches and downtime. The episode promotes integrating Microsoft Intune with Automox for automated patching, emphasizing cost savings through reduced manual labor, breach prevention, and increased uptime. Real-world examples of companies suffering massive losses due to poor patching are used to underscore the urgency of implementing a robust strategy. The podcast concludes with a clear, actionable plan for building a high-ROI patch management system.
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Ghost GPT, a new AI model, is explained as a significant cybersecurity threat due to its ability to create highly realistic, deceptive communications for phishing and social engineering attacks. Unlike traditional malware, its adaptive nature makes detection difficult, requiring AI-powered solutions for effective mitigation. The podcast advocates for a proactive defense strategy involving investments in advanced security tools, employee training, and regular system updates. Organizations are urged to adopt a culture of cybersecurity awareness and leverage behavioral analytics to identify and counter these sophisticated AI-driven threats.
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Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the practice of gathering information from publicly available sources. The text describes how OSINT, initially used by military and intelligence agencies, is now crucial for cybersecurity. It details how organizations use OSINT to discover and analyze public-facing assets, identify potentially sensitive information, and improve their overall security posture. The text also lists numerous OSINT tools, outlining their functionalities and uses, emphasizing the importance of ethical and legal considerations when employing these techniques. Finally, it stresses the need to proactively address publicly accessible vulnerabilities to prevent exploitation by malicious actors.
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The Cyber Security Podcast, hosted by industry experts, delves into the critical world of cyber threat intelligence (CTI). In this episode, the hosts explore the various types of CTI, including strategic, tactical, technical, and operational, and examine the crucial role played by CTI analysts. They discuss the intricacies of building a robust CTI program, focusing on the essential steps of data collection, analysis, and reporting. Additionally, the episode highlights the necessary skills and certifications for aspiring CTI professionals and addresses the growing demand for expertise in this field. As part of the discussion, the hosts look to the future of CTI and emphasize its pivotal role in shaping proactive cybersecurity strategies, making it an essential listen for anyone interested in the dynamic field of cybersecurity.
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Domain 5: Security Operations
What is the first step in the incident response process?
A. Containment
B. Detection and identification
C. Recovery
D. Eradication
Answer: B
What is the purpose of log analysis in security operations?
A. Enhance system performance
B. Identify and respond to suspicious activities
C. Encrypt data
D. Monitor user activity
Answer: B
Which of the following is a security incident?
A. Failed login attempt
B. Unauthorized access to sensitive files
C. Network scan from a trusted device
D. Scheduled maintenance
Answer: B
What is the purpose of a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?
A. Detect malware
B. Centralize security monitoring and alerts
C. Automate patching
D. Block logins
Answer: B
What does “false positive” mean in security monitoring?
A. Actual threat detected
B. Threat blocked successfully
C. Benign activity mistaken as a threat
D. Failed login attempt
Answer: C
What is the primary purpose of vulnerability scanning?
A. Identify unpatched systems
B. Block malicious IPs
C. Encrypt communications
D. Monitor bandwidth
Answer: A
What is a common use case for a playbook in incident response?
A. Automate tasks
B. Guide teams through response
C. Configure firewall rules
D. Test vulnerabilities
Answer: B
What is the purpose of data retention policies?
A. Encrypt sensitive files
B. Define data storage duration
C. Automate backups
D. Block unauthorized access
Answer: B
Which type of malware locks users out until a ransom is paid?
A. Worm
B. Ransomware
C. Trojan
D. Spyware
Answer: B
What is the purpose of forensic analysis in security?
A. Detect ongoing attacks
B. Collect and analyze evidence
C. Enhance encryption
D. Automate scans
Answer: B
Which of the following prevents insider threats?
A. Network segmentation
B. Access monitoring and logging
C. Multi-factor authentication
D. Encryption
Answer: B
What is an important step in the post-incident process?
A. Block all external connections
B. Perform a root cause analysis
C. Encrypt logs
D. Restore access
Answer: B
Which of the following is an advanced persistent threat (APT)?
A. Phishing email
B. Long-term targeted attack by a skilled group
C. Malware via USB drives
D. Brute force attack
Answer: B
What is a zero-day vulnerability?
A. Exploited weakness before patch release
B. Outdated system vulnerability
C. Malware-infected system
D. Known weakness with no exploit
Answer: A
What is the purpose of a sandbox in malware analysis?
A. Isolate and observe suspicious programs
B. Encrypt files
C. Block traffic
D. Restore files
Answer: A
What is the role of a disaster recovery plan?
A. Restore operations after disruption
B. Prevent phishing attacks
C. Automate backups
D. Enforce compliance
Answer: A
What is the purpose of a business impact analysis (BIA)?
A. Identify critical functions and their loss impact
B. Detect malware infections
C. Test firewall efficiency
D. Test disaster plans
Answer: A
Which of the following is part of change management?
A. Evaluate risks before changes
B. Block unauthorized IPs
C. Automate vulnerability scans
D. Monitor physical access
Answer: A
What is the purpose of least privilege in access control?
A. Minimize user/system permissions
B. Encrypt data
C. Maximize productivity
D. Improve password complexity
Answer: A
What does a data loss prevention (DLP) solution do?
A. Prevents sensitive data from unauthorized access/transmission
B. Encrypts all network traffic
C. Blocks malicious email attachments
D. Restores deleted files
Answer: A
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