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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 143
*The Milky Way: An Unusual Galaxy
A new study reveals that our Milky Way galaxy is an outlier among similar galaxies, challenging the assumption that it is a typical model for understanding galactic formation and evolution. Published in the Astrophysical Journal, the research highlights differences in the Milky Way's evolutionary history compared to other galaxies of similar mass. The Satellite Surround Galactic Analogues (SEGA) survey has identified 101 Milky Way-like analogues, revealing that the Milky Way hosts fewer satellite dwarf galaxies than its peers. Additionally, star formation in the Milky Way's satellite galaxies is less active, raising questions about its unique galactic environment.
*Europe's Prober 3 Mission to Study the Sun
All systems are go for the European Space Agency's Prober 3 mission, set to launch next month to study the Sun's corona. This double-satellite mission will create artificial eclipses, allowing for prolonged observations of the Sun's atmosphere. The mission will employ precise formation flying, with one satellite blocking the Sun's disc for the other, enabling extended studies of the solar corona, the source of solar wind and Space weather.
*Australia's Secret Satellite Launch
A classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force has been launched by SpaceX. The mission, known as TD7, involves a military telecommunications satellite placed into geostationary orbit. Built by Northrop Grumman, the satellite is designed for future mission extensions. The launch marks SpaceX's 16th mission for the same Falcon 9 booster, which successfully returned to Earth.
The Science Report
The World Health Organisation reports a surge in measles cases worldwide, with 10.3 million cases last year. A new study finds accelerated ice loss in an Alaskan ice field since 2005, contributing to sea level rise. Japanese scientists discover that domestic cats can associate human words with images without rewards. Norton issues a cyber warning on rising scam tactics and malware threats. Meanwhile, OpenAI considers developing its own web browser amidst debates on internet censorship and digital ID in Australia.
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00:00 This is space time series 27 episode 143 for broadcast on 27 November 2024
00:48 New study finds Milky Way is an outlier among similar galaxies
06:01 ESA's Prober 3 mission to study the sun will launch next month
08:20 Two satellites will fly together as one with millimetre level control
12:35 SpaceX has just launched a classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force
15:31 World Health Organisation warns measles cases have now surged across the world
21:08 Department of Justice asking Google to consider breaking up with Chrome
22:07 It looks like the Internet censorship bill will be defeated in the Senate -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 142
*How Mars Got Its Moons
A groundbreaking study suggests that Mars acquired its moons, Phobos and Deimos, after a passing asteroid was torn apart by the planet's gravity. This new hypothesis, based on NASA's supercomputer simulations and published in the journal Icarus, challenges previous theories of their origin, such as capture or major impact. The upcoming Martian Moons Exploration mission by JAXA, with NASA's involvement, aims to further investigate these theories by collecting samples from Phobos.
*Starship Test Flight 6
SpaceX has successfully completed its sixth test flight of the Starship Mega rocket, overseen by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk and U.S. President-elect Donald Trump. The test included a splashdown of the booster in the Gulf of Mexico and a successful orbital journey of the Starship, which trialled new heat shield materials and descent strategies. This marks the final test for this version of Starship, with an upgraded version expected to fly soon.
*Revisiting Earth's Ore Deposits
New research reveals that the largest iron ore deposits in Western Australia's Pilbara are around a billion years younger than previously thought. Using advanced geochronology techniques, scientists have dated these deposits to between 1.1 and 1.4 billion years, reshaping our understanding of Earth's geological history and aiding future exploration efforts.
The Science Report
A study suggests that a daily hour-long walk for those over 40 could extend life expectancy by five years. Meanwhile, global plastic waste is projected to double by mid-century, but a combination of policies could reduce it by 90%. Additionally, switching to a vegan diet could lower food costs by 19%, unlike the Mediterranean diet. The Bent Spoon Award was given to the Cancer Council of Western Australia for endorsing pseudoscientific practices like Richie.
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00:00 New study suggests Mars got its two moons after asteroid was torn apart
04:57 SpaceX has undertaken a successful sixth test flight of its Starship Mega rocket
08:17 Super heavy booster is attempting an offshore landing off the Gulf coast of Texas
10:18 The next milestone is Starship uh, is in terminal guidance
14:29 Starship is approaching the peak heating phase of entry
19:56 SpaceX's Starship rocket successfully carried its first ever biological payload
23:07 A new study finds planet Earth's largest iron ore deposits are younger than previously thought
33:14 A new study looked at physical activity and life expectancy
35:54 Western Australian Cancer Council endorsed pseudo medical and unscientific treatments
38:33 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms
✍️ Episode References
Icarus Journal
[https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus](https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus)
NASA Ames Research Centre
[https://www.nasa.gov/ames](https://www.nasa.gov/ames)
Martian Moons Exploration (MMX)
[https://mmx.jaxa.jp/en/](https://mmx.jaxa.jp/en/)
SpaceX
[https://www.spacex.com](https://www.spacex.com)
Curtin University
[https://www.curtin.edu.au](https://www.curtin.edu.au)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
[https://www.pnas.org](https://www.pnas.org)
British Journal of Sports Medicine
[https://bjsm.bmj.com/](https://bjsm.bmj.com/)
Journal of Science
[https://www.sciencemag.org/](https://www.sciencemag.org/)
Journal of the American Medical Association
[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama)
Australian Sceptics
[https://www.skeptics.com.au](https://www.skeptics.com.au) -
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 141
*Supermassive Black Hole Consumes Matter at Record Speed
Astronomers have discovered a supermassive black hole in the early universe consuming matter at a rate more than 40 times its theoretical limit. This black hole, catalogued as LID568, was observed by the Webb Space Telescope and is providing new insights into the rapid growth mechanisms of black holes shortly after the Big Bang. The findings challenge existing theories on how these cosmic giants formed so quickly and open new avenues for future research.
*Uranus' Magnetic Mysteries Unveiled
New analysis of 38-year-old data from NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft reveals that a space weather event dramatically compressed Uranus' magnetosphere just before the flyby in 1986. This event provides clues to the planet's unusual magnetic field and suggests that Uranus' moons might be more geologically active than previously thought. The findings are crucial for understanding this enigmatic ice giant and its unique characteristics.
*New Satellite to Track Earth's Surface Movements
Scientists are preparing to launch a new satellite, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), designed to measure ground movement on Earth's surface. Scheduled for launch next year, NISAR will provide detailed data on earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides, enhancing our ability to prepare for natural disasters. This mission will offer unprecedented insights into the dynamics of our planet's surface.
The Science Report
The World Meteorological Organization predicts 2024 to be the hottest year on record, driven by rising greenhouse gas levels. Meanwhile, ultra-processed foods are dominating global diets, linked to numerous chronic diseases. A study of dog breeds reveals that toy dogs have larger brains relative to their body size compared to working dogs. Lastly, a retrospective look at NASA's 1996 tether experiment debunks UFO theories, emphasizing the importance of scientific explanations.
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00:00 Black hole found to be consuming matter faster than its theoretical limit
04:37 Space weather event squeezed Uranus magnetosphere before 1986 Voyager 2 flyby
08:30 Scientists developing a new satellite designed to measure ground movement on the Earth's surface
13:10 World Meteorological Organization says 2024 will be the hottest year on record
✍️ Episode References
Webb Space Telescope
https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
Chandra X Ray Observatory
https://chandra.harvard.edu/
National Science Foundation's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory
https://www.noirlab.edu/
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
Journal of Nature
https://www.nature.com/
Voyager 2
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
COP 29 Climate Change Conference
https://unfccc.int/
World Meteorological Organization
https://public.wmo.int/
International Congress on Obesity
https://www.worldobesity.org/
Biological Letters
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 140
*Revisiting the Milky Way's Black Hole Image
A new study questions the accuracy of the first-ever image of Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. Researchers suggest the image may not accurately represent its appearance, proposing a more elongated accretion disc instead of the ring-like structure previously released by the Event Horizon Telescope.
*Methane in Titan's Crust
Data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft indicates that Saturn's moon Titan may have a methane-rich crust up to 10 kilometres thick. This insulating layer could explain Titan's shallow impact craters and its methane-rich atmosphere, providing insights into its unique geological and atmospheric dynamics.
*Updates on Earth's Ozone Hole
NASA reports that the annual ozone hole over Antarctica was smaller this year, ranking as the seventh smallest since recovery efforts began. The ozone layer is on track to fully recover by 2066, thanks to international agreements curbing ozone-depleting chemicals.
The Science Report
Antarctic ice core samples suggest Earth has already surpassed a 1.5°C global temperature rise due to human-induced climate change. A study links outdoor lighting at night to increased Alzheimer's risk for those under 65. LED lights on surfboards could reduce shark attacks by mimicking natural camouflage. Nord's latest survey reveals continued use of weak passwords, with "123456" and "password" among the most common.
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00:00 New study suggests first ever picture of Milky Way's black hole might not be accurate
00:47 New study claims first ever images of Sagittarius A may be inaccurate
03:57 New study suggests Saturn's moon Titan may have an insulating methane crust
09:12 Scientists say Antarctic ozone layer could fully recover by 2066
20:04 New study suggests Earth has already passed 1.5 degrees Celsius warming attributable to climate change
21:24 A new study claims exposure to outdoor lighting at night increases Alzheimer's risk
25:29 Space Time with Stuart Gary is available on numerous podcast platforms -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 139
*Gilmore Space Cleared for Orbital Launch
The Australian Space Agency has granted Gilmore Space the final approval needed to conduct its maiden orbital test flight of the Ares rocket from the Bowen Spaceport in North Queensland. This launch will mark the first orbital test flight of an Australian-made rocket from Australian soil, showcasing a new hybrid propulsion system developed by the company.
*Discovery of Red Monster Galaxies in the Early Universe
Astronomers have identified three ultra-massive galaxies, each nearly the size of the Milky Way, that reached their colossal size within the first billion years of the universe's existence. These findings, reported in Nature, challenge existing models of galaxy formation and suggest a more efficient star formation process in the early universe.
*Signs of an Ancient Martian Ocean
China's Mars rover, Zhurong, may have found evidence supporting the theory that Mars' northern hemisphere was once covered by a vast ocean. The terrain around Zhurong's landing site includes features that could indicate past water or ice activity, suggesting a Martian ocean existed billions of years ago.
The Science Robert
Archaeologists in Israel have uncovered 12,000-year-old pebbles that may be precursors to the wheel, potentially pivotal in the evolution of rotating technologies. Meanwhile, the COP 29 climate summit highlights the ongoing rise in fossil emissions, with China remaining the largest polluter. Additionally, a study finds that frequent snoring in tweens is linked to behavioural issues, and a lack of conceptual clarity may explain beliefs in the paranormal.
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00:00 This is space Time Series 27 Episode 139 for broadcast on 18 November 2024
00:46 Australian Space Agency gives final approval for Gilmore Space to launch Ares rocket
02:31 ERIS is a three stage orbital launch vehicle powered by hybrid rocket engines
08:49 Gilmore is developing a rocket called ERIS which will go into orbit
12:42 Gilmore Space Technologies have plans to launch an ERIS satellite from Bowen
15:39 Three ultra massive galaxies discovered by NASA's Webb Space Telescope
23:39 Ancient pebbles from Israel may have paved way for wheel invention
24:42 New study finds teens who frequently snore more likely to have behavioural problems
✍️ Episode References
Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
[Event Horizon Telescope](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
[NAOJ](https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
[MNRAS](https://academic.oup.com/mnras)
NASA Cassini Mission
[Cassini Mission](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html)
Planetary Science Journal
[PSJ](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/
3338)
6--- University of Hawaii
[University of Hawaii](https://www.hawaii.edu/)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre
[NASA Goddard](https://www.nasa.gov/goddard)
Montreal Protocol
[Montreal Protocol](https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol)
Nature Geoscience
[Nature Geoscience](https://www.nature.com/ngeo/)
Macquarie University
[Macquarie University](https://www.mq.edu.au/) -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 138
*Discovery of the Outer Solar System's Magnetic Field
Scientists have discovered evidence of an ancient magnetic field at the far reaches of our solar system. Research published in AGU Advances, based on 4.6 billion-year-old grain samples from the asteroid Richie, suggests the presence of a weak magnetic field during the formation of the outer solar system. This field, although weak, could have been instrumental in the formation of the outer planets, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The findings provide new insights into the magnetic influences shaping our solar system.
*Southern Launch Gets Green Light for Orbital Missions
Southern Launch has received federal and state government approval for its Whalers Way orbital launch complex in South Australia. The site is poised to support up to 42 orbital rocket launches annually, with plans for multiple launch pads and comprehensive tracking facilities. This development marks a significant step forward for Australia's growing Space industry.
*Axiom Unveils New Lunar Spacesuits for NASA
Axiom Space has revealed the new spacesuits for NASA's Artemis 3 mission, set for a lunar landing in 2026. Designed to withstand the harsh lunar environment, these suits feature improved mobility and dust resistance. The new design includes interchangeable segments to accommodate various body types, reflecting advancements in spacesuit technology since the Apollo era.
The Science Robert
A study has identified a decline in low-pressure weather systems, crucial for rainfall in southern Australia, since the mid-20th century. Meanwhile, the largest study of brain volume to date has found genetic links between ADHD and Parkinson's disease. In wildlife news, taming wild elephant calves has been shown to increase stress levels, potentially affecting their health. Finally, the paranormal world is abuzz with sightings of Robin Hood's ghost in Sherwood Forest, though sceptics remain unconvinced.
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00:00 Scientists uncover an ancient magnetic field at the outer edge of the solar system
08:09 Axiom Space has unveiled the new lunar spacesuits NASA plans to use
13:50 Low pressure weather systems driving southern Australia's rainfall have declined over decades
16:19 Reports in England that Robin Hood has been seen haunting Sherwood Forest -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 137
*The Earth: A Giant Slushie?
New research reveals that Earth once experienced a "slushy" period following its snowball Earth phase. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study by Virginia Tech scientists suggests that as the planet thawed, it transitioned into a slushy state, marked by high carbon dioxide levels and rapid melting. The findings offer fresh insights into Earth's climate evolution and the resilience of life under extreme conditions.
*Phobos Eclipses the Sun
NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has captured a rare celestial event: the Martian moon Phobos eclipsing the Sun. Using its Mastcam-Z camera, Perseverance observed the tiny moon transiting the Sun from its position in Jezero Crater. This remarkable event highlights the ongoing challenges and discoveries as the rover ascends the crater's rim.
*SpaceX Dragon Boosts ISS
For the first time, NASA has utilized the SpaceX Dragon capsule to boost the International Space Station into a higher orbit. This maneuver, using Dragon's Draco thrusters, is part of a broader strategy to maintain the station's altitude and test future deorbit capabilities. The mission also delivered over 2,700 kg of supplies and scientific equipment, including a wooden cubesat and human tissue samples for aging research.
The Science Report
A new study attributes last year's global temperature spike primarily to El Nino, rather than climate change. Meanwhile, scientists discover a 161-million-year-old giant tadpole fossil, shedding light on the evolution of frogs and toads. Additionally, research indicates that popular music in the US has become simpler since the 1950s. Plus, global cell phone sales show regional variations post-COVID, with notable growth in the US, Europe, and Australia.
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00:00 This is space Time Series 27, episode 137 for broadcast on 13 November 2024
00:47 New research suggests that as the planet thawed, it went slushy
04:46 NASA's Mars Perseverance rover captures rare Phobos eclipse of the Sun
07:15 NASA uses SpaceX Dragon cargo ship to boost International Space Station to higher altitude
14:38 Study says El Nino Southern Oscillation caused global temperatures spike last year
16:55 Scientists in South America have discovered the fossilized remains of a 161 million year old tadpole
18:33 New figures show that global cell phone sales dropped following the COVID pandemic -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 136
*Discovering the Origins of Magnetars
A groundbreaking study reveals that magnetars, highly magnetic neutron stars, are born from stellar mergers rather than single star supernova events. These findings, published in Nature, delve into the origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are high-energy flashes releasing more energy in nanoseconds than half a billion suns. The research indicates that FRBs are more common in massive star-forming galaxies, suggesting a link to magnetars formed from stellar mergers. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about magnetar formation and sheds light on the dynamic processes in the universe.
*Voyager 1 Approaches One Light Day from Earth
NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is set to become the first human-made object to travel more than a light day's distance from Earth, a monumental 26 billion kilometers away. This historic milestone is expected in January 2027. Despite recent communication challenges due to a fault protection system glitch, engineers successfully reestablished contact. Voyager 1 and its twin, Voyager 2, continue their journey through interstellar space, providing invaluable data about the cosmos.
*Australia Axes Vital Military Satellite Defense System
In a surprising move, the Australian government has canceled a crucial $7 billion satellite defense project. The JP9102 military satellite communications system, awarded to Lockheed Martin, was intended to enhance Australia's military communications amid growing regional tensions. The decision, amid geopolitical challenges, raises concerns about Australia's defense capabilities and secure communications network.
The Science Robert
A study highlights the significant carbon footprint of private jet users, who generate 500 times more CO2 than the average person. Meanwhile, research identifies 22 pesticides linked to prostate cancer, and a systematic review confirms no link between cell phone use and brain cancer. Plus, a fascinating look at how animals in the wild might consume alcohol from fermented fruits.
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00:00 This is space Time Series 27, Episode 136 for broadcast on Remembrance Day
00:46 New study suggests highly magnetic neutron stars are born out of stellar mergers
05:06 NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft lost contact with mission managers on October 18
15:10 Australian government has just axed a crucial $7 billion satellite defense project
17:38 A new study has identified 22 pesticides consistently linked to the incidence of prostate cancer
20:53 A new systematic review confirms there is no scientific evidence that cell phones cause cancer
✍️ Episode References
NASA
[https://www.nasa.gov/](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Caltech
[https://www.caltech.edu/](https://www.caltech.edu/)
Deep Synoptic Array
[https://www.astro.caltech.edu/research/dsa/](https://www.astro.caltech.edu/research/dsa/)
Owens Valley Radio Observatory
[https://www.astro.caltech.edu/ovro/](https://www.astro.caltech.edu/ovro/)
Nature Journal
[https://www.nature.com/](https://www.nature.com/)
Lockheed Martin
[https://www.lockheedmartin.com/](https://www.lockheedmartin.com/)
Australian Defence Force
[https://www.defence.gov.au/](https://www.defence.gov.au/)
UNRWA
[https://www.unrwa.org/](https://www.unrwa.org/)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
[https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/) -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 135
*Could Uranus Moon Miranda Have a Subsurface Ocean?
A new study suggests that Uranus' moon Miranda may harbour a liquid water ocean beneath its peculiar jigsaw-like surface. The findings, published in the Planetary Science Journal, challenge existing assumptions about Miranda's history and composition, potentially placing it among the select few worlds in our solar system with environments that could support life. The study highlights the intriguing possibility of a vast ocean beneath Miranda's icy crust, kept warm by gravitational tidal forces.
*NASA Discovers Weird Red Rocks with Green Spots on Mars
NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover has stumbled upon strange red rocks with green spots on the Martian surface. As the rover continues its journey towards the rim of Jezero Crater, it has uncovered a new geological puzzle featuring red and green rocks. Scientists are intrigued by the green spots, which could suggest past water activity, but their exact composition remains a mystery due to the rover's current limitations.
*First Humans on Mars by 2035?
NASA is planning to send humans to Mars as early as 2035. The mission would be part of the Artemis programme, with a journey that could take up to 14 months, including a 500-day stay on the Martian surface. This ambitious plan hinges on the successful deployment of the Lunar Gateway Space Station and other key technologies.
The Science Report
New research finds that children exposed to cannabis in the womb are more likely to exhibit behavioural issues. Meanwhile, ancient DNA studies reveal two genetically distinct populations north and south of the Caucasus Mountains, and a study links Airbnbs to increased crime rates. Plus, a fact-based conversation with AI might help some conspiracy theorists reconsider their beliefs.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 134
*Perseverance's Uphill Struggle in Jezero Crater
NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover faces challenges as it attempts to climb the steep and slippery ridgeline of Jezero Crater. Despite its previous experience with steep inclines, this mission marks the first time the rover has tackled such a challenging combination of slope and surface. Engineers are exploring new strategies, including driving backwards and zigzagging, to improve traction. The goal is to reach the crater's rim for valuable scientific exploration, with plans to study potential microbial life signs preserved in ancient rock layers.
*ESA's Ramses Mission to Apophis
The European Space Agency is preparing for its Ramses mission to study the asteroid Apophis as it makes a close flyby of Earth in 2029. This rare event offers a unique opportunity to understand Apophis's composition and reaction to gravitational forces, crucial for future planetary defence strategies. The mission is modelled on the HERA spacecraft, and aims to launch by 2028 to reach Apophis in time.
*Shenzhou 19 Docks with China's Space Station
China's Shenzhou 19 spacecraft has successfully docked with the Tiangong Space Station. The crew will conduct experiments, including tests on manufacturing lunar bricks, as part of China's goal to land taikonauts on the Moon by 2030. The mission highlights China's expanding space ambitions and technological advancements.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 133
*Earth's Mantle: Two Distinct Domains Revealed
Groundbreaking research has unveiled that the Earth's mantle is composed of two distinct and separate types of materials, forming independent African and Pacific domains. This discovery, published in Nature Geoscience, challenges previous assumptions of a chemically uniform mantle. The study highlights how these domains have been shaped by the formation and breakup of supercontinents over the past 700 million years, revealing the Earth has two chemically distinct hemispheres.
*China's Ambitious Lunar Plans
China is accelerating its space ambitions, aiming to send its first taikonauts to the moon by 2030. The China Manned Space Agency plans to use its new Long March 10 rocket to transport taikonauts and a lunar lander to the moon's surface. This mission marks a significant step in China's lunar exploration, with plans to establish a joint base with Russia on the lunar surface by the early 2030s.
*NASA's SpaceX Crew 8 Returns to Earth
After a seven-month mission aboard the International Space Station, NASA's SpaceX Crew 8 has safely returned to Earth. During their mission, the crew conducted over 200 scientific investigations, including studies on space-based manufacturing, gene editing in Space environments, and plant growth in high radiation settings. These experiments aim to advance our understanding of long-duration Space missions and their potential applications.
The Science Report
Australia's climate continues to change with more extreme heat events and extended fire seasons. The latest State of the Climate Report highlights ongoing shifts in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and increasing temperatures. Meanwhile, a new study suggests vitamin K2 could help reduce night-time leg cramps, and the Australian Defence Force receives new Black Hawk helicopters amidst regional tensions.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 132
*Could Betelgeuse Actually Be Two Stars?
A new study raises the intriguing possibility that the red supergiant Betelgeuse may not be on the brink of supernova, as previously thought. Instead, it might be a binary star system. This revelation, reported in the Astrophysical Journal, suggests that an unseen companion star could be causing Betelgeuse's pulsing brightness, challenging the long-held belief of its impending explosion.
*Richard Branson to Co-Pilot Space Perspective's First Manned Balloon Flight
Virgin Group founder Richard Branson is set to co-pilot Space Perspective's first manned stratospheric balloon flight. The flight promises a gentle ascent to 100,000 feet, offering panoramic views of Earth without the high G-forces of traditional Space tourism, marking a new era in high-altitude experiences.
*Australia's Ambitious Spaceport Plans
Despite not launching an orbital mission in over 50 years, Australia is gearing up to expand its spaceport capabilities. Proposals for new spaceports in Western Australia and Queensland are on the table, aiming to position Australia as a key player in the global Space industry.
Skywatch: November Night Skies
Explore the November night skies with highlights including the Andromeda Galaxy, the Crab Nebula, and three meteor showers. Discover the celestial wonders visible this month and the fascinating stories behind them.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 131
*Ultra High Energy Gamma Rays Detected in the Milky Way's Core
Scientists have detected ultra high energy gamma rays emanating from the centre of the Milky Way. This discovery, reported in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, offers a new perspective on the violent phenomena occurring in the galactic core. Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory in Mexico, researchers measured these gamma rays at over 100 tera electron volts, providing insights into the cosmic processes involving Sagittarius A, the galaxy's central supermassive black hole.
*Discovery of a Potential Triple Black Hole System
Astronomers have identified what may be the first triple black hole system, located 8,000 light years away. This discovery could be the first direct evidence of gentle black hole formation, challenging the typical violent supernova origin theory. The system includes a central black hole, a closely orbiting star, and a far-off companion star, suggesting a more subtle formation process known as direct collapse.
*NASA's New Deployable Solar Array System Faces Challenges
NASA has encountered issues with its new deployable solar array and antenna system on the Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator 4 spacecraft. The lightweight integrated solar array and antenna system, designed to enhance power and communication capabilities, is not deploying correctly due to a bent boom. This technology aims to support future deep Space missions with improved efficiency.
The Science Robert
A recent study reveals that standing, as opposed to sitting, does not improve cardiovascular health, despite the popularity of standing desks. Fossilised remains of a new giant elephant species have been found in India's Kashmir Valley, shedding light on elephant evolution. AI-assisted colonoscopies show a slight improvement in polyp detection. Meanwhile, Apple releases its first AI update, focusing on privacy and user data protection.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 130
*Epoch of Reionization: New Insights from Webb
A groundbreaking study suggests the epoch of reionization, a pivotal era in the universe's early evolution, may have occurred 350 million years earlier than previously believed. Utilising data from the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have uncovered a greater abundance of extreme ultraviolet emitting galaxies, challenging established models. This revelation might imply that the cosmic microwave background radiation and the Lyman alpha forest should appear different, posing a conundrum for scientists and opening new avenues for understanding the universe's history.
*NASA's DaVinci Mission Prepares for Venus
NASA's upcoming DaVinci mission aims to explore Venus's enigmatic Alpha Regio, a mountainous region shrouded in mystery. The mission, set for the early 2030s, will delve into whether Venus once harboured oceans and continents, akin to Earth. By reanalysing old data and employing modern techniques, scientists have enhanced the resolution of Venus's topography, offering fresh insights into its geological features and potential volcanic activity. DaVinci's descent probe will capture unprecedented high-resolution images, potentially revealing new details about Venus's surface.
*China's First Reusable Satellite Test
China has successfully tested its first reusable satellite, the SHY119, launched aboard a Long March 2D rocket. Recovered after 13.5 days, the mission included various payloads, such as plant seeds and technology demonstration devices. This achievement marks a significant milestone in China's Space exploration efforts, showcasing advancements in reusable satellite technology.
The Science Robert
A study links hearing loss in older age to an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, with effective management through hearing aids potentially mitigating this risk. In the South Australian outback, palaeontologists have discovered one of Earth's earliest life forms, dating back 550 million years. Meanwhile, a new study warns that up to 33% of frog and toad habitats could become arid by the century's end due to climate change. Additionally, a Gallup poll reveals a significant drop in support for childhood vaccinations in the US, raising concerns about herd immunity.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 129
*First Evidence of a Volcanic Splatocone on Mars
Scientists have identified what appears to be the first evidence of a volcanic splatter cone on Mars, similar to those found on Earth. This discovery, led by Ian Flynn from the University of Idaho, sheds light on the volcanic processes of the red planet. The presence of splatter cones, which form under specific conditions, provides new insights into Martian volcanology and the dynamics of volcanic eruptions.
*Volcanic Moon Around a Distant Exoplanet?
A new study suggests the presence of a volcanic exomoon orbiting the exoplanet WASP 49 b, located 635 light years away. The discovery is based on a sodium cloud detected near the planet, resembling the volcanic activity seen on Jupiter's moon Io. This potential exomoon could offer a new perspective on moons outside our solar system, although further observations are needed to confirm its existence.
*Sun Reaches Solar Maximum
The sun has reached the solar maximum of its 11-year cycle, marking a peak in solar activity. This period is characterised by increased sunspots and Space weather events, impacting satellites, communication systems, and power grids on Earth. NASA's Parker Solar Probe is set to make its closest approach to the sun, providing valuable data to understand solar weather at its source.
The Science Robert
A new study finds that the rise in human life expectancy is slowing down. Research reveals that even low-risk alcohol consumption is linked to higher mortality in older adults with health or socioeconomic risk factors. Thawing permafrost may accelerate Arctic riverbank erosion, and Australia's proposed misinformation bill raises concerns about freedom of speech and censorship.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 128
*Dating the Moon's Oldest Impact Crater
Scientists have pinpointed the edge of the massive South Pole-Aitken Basin, the largest and oldest known impact crater on the Moon, dating it to over 4.32 billion years old. By analysing a lunar meteorite, researchers have concluded that this impact site is around 120 million years earlier than the previously believed intense period of impact bombardment. These findings provide a clearer picture of the Moon's early impact history and have implications for understanding Earth's early conditions.
*Recreating the Sound of Earth's Magnetic Polar Flip
With evidence suggesting that Earth's magnetic poles are about to flip, scientists have recreated what they believe could be the sound of this event. Earth's magnetic field, vital for life, is generated by the planet's molten outer core. The recreated soundscape provides an audio insight into the geomagnetic reversals, which occur roughly every 250,000 years, with the last flip occurring 770,000 years ago.
*X-37B Space Shuttle's Pioneering Aero Braking Manoeuvre
The United States Space Force's X-37B Space shuttle has completed a novel aero braking manoeuvre to adjust its orbital flight path. This technique allows the spacecraft to safely eject service module components, preventing them from becoming Space junk. The operation marks a first for the X-37B, which continues its classified missions involving radiation experiments and space domain awareness technology testing.
The Science Report
A new study indicates an increase in deaths following extreme rain events, with heart-related and respiratory deaths notably rising. A review highlights the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet for young people, linked to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Engineers have developed energy-efficient bricks using waste materials, offering potential cost savings and reduced environmental impact. Concerns grow over data privacy as consumer advocacy groups reveal the extent of data collection by car manufacturers.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 127
*SpaceX's Starship's Fifth Test Flight Success
SpaceX's Starship has completed its fifth test flight with a spectacular feat of engineering, successfully catching the super heavy booster with mechanical chopsticks on the launch pad tower. The booster, equipped with 33 Raptor engines, returned to Earth after a successful launch from SpaceX's Starbase in Texas, showcasing the potential for rapid reuse and interplanetary missions. The test flight marks a significant step towards developing Starship for NASA's Artemis III mission, aiming for a manned moon landing in 2026.
*Origins of Earth's Meteorites Uncovered
A new study reveals that most meteorites reaching Earth originate from just three major asteroid breakup events. The findings, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics and Nature, identify the Karin, Koronis, and Massalia asteroid families as the sources of 70% of meteorite falls. These discoveries enhance our understanding of asteroid collisions in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter and help trace the origins of over 90% of meteorites on Earth.
*NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Launches
NASA's Europa Clipper mission has embarked on its journey to explore Jupiter's icy moon Europa. Launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, the spacecraft will investigate Europa's subsurface ocean and potential habitability. The mission will conduct 49 flybys, using its suite of scientific instruments to study the moon's icy shell, composition, and geology. Europa Clipper aims to determine if conditions on Europa could support life, building on data from NASA's Galileo mission.
The Science Robert
New research indicates that high temperatures and air pollution are contributing to a global increase in stroke cases, with significant rises in stroke-related deaths since 1990. A study warns that the H5N1 bird flu virus is spreading in the US through dairy cows, primarily via udder infections during milking. Additionally, a report suggests that teenage relationships influence life satisfaction in adulthood, highlighting the importance of social acceptance and close friendships during adolescence. Meanwhile, the Cancer Council of Western Australia faces scrutiny for promoting pseudoscientific therapies like Reiki and reflexology, raising concerns about their endorsement of unproven treatments.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 126
*NASA's Parker Solar Probe Completes 21st Philip of the Sun
NASA's Parker Solar Probe has achieved its 21st close encounter with the Sun, matching its previous distance and speed records. The spacecraft swooped to within 7.26 million kilometers of the solar surface at a record speed of 635,300 km/h. This flyby sets up the probe for its final closest approaches, with its orbit shaped by a Venus gravity assist. The mission, launched in 2018, aims to study the Sun's corona and the solar wind, unraveling the mysteries of solar phenomena that impact the solar system.
*Webb Space Telescope Finds Potential Missing Link to First Stars
Astronomers using NASA's Webb Space Telescope have identified a galaxy with an unusual light signature that could be a missing link in galactic evolution. The galaxy, found approximately a billion years after the Big Bang, features gas outshining its stars, possibly due to massive, hot stars. This discovery offers insights into the transition from the universe's first stars to more familiar galaxies, providing a glimpse into the early cosmic environment.
*Perseverance Rover's Key Science Instrument Robert
NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars has regained the use of its critical Sherlock instrument after a six-month effort. The spectroscope, crucial for detecting organics and assessing habitability, had malfunctioned in January. The successful repair allows the rover to continue its mission of analyzing Martian rocks and soil for signs of past life and understanding the planet's geological history.
The Science Robert
A new study suggests that caffeine consumption may improve heart health by aiding vascular growth. Another study reveals increasing plant cover in Antarctica, linked to climate change. Research highlights how people often form opinions without sufficient information, contributing to conflicts. Lastly, a study confirms that astrologers perform no better than chance in predicting character or future events.
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 126, for broadcast on 18 October 2024
00:00:30 - NASA's Parker solar probe completes 21st close encounter with the sun
00:03:08 - The Parker solar probe is touching the sun for the first time
00:08:32 - Galaxy with unusual light signature attributed to gas outshining stars
00:12:00 - NASA scientists have successfully brought a key science instrument back online on Mars
00:14:51 - A new study has shown that consuming more caffeine may improve your heart health
00:17:01 - New study shows people are biased to assume they know enough about situations
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 125
*Discovery of the Most Distant Spiral Galaxy
Astronomers have identified the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen, named REBELS 25. This galaxy, observed as it was 13.1 billion years ago, challenges current models of galaxy formation with its orderly spiral structure, despite being from an era when the universe was just 700 million years old. The discovery, made using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile, offers new insights into the early universe and the evolution of galaxies.
*Record-Breaking Mantle Rock Recovery
Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking recovery of rocks from Earth's mantle, the planet's largest component. The 1268-meter-long section of mantle rock, retrieved from the Atlantic's mid-ocean ridge, provides new insights into the mantle's role in Earth's geological processes. The findings, published in Science, reveal unexpected levels of melting and composition, offering clues to the origins of life and volcanic activity.
*Launch of ESA's Hera Asteroid Mission
The European Space Agency's Hera mission has launched from Cape Canaveral, just ahead of Hurricane Milton. Hera will conduct a detailed study of the Didymos asteroid system, following NASA's successful Dart mission. The mission aims to enhance our understanding of asteroid deflection techniques, which could be crucial for planetary defense.
The Science Report
A new, highly transmissible Covid-19 variant, XEC, has been detected in Australia. The variant, a recombinant of two Omicron subvariants, is spreading rapidly and has been reported in 29 countries.
A consumer advocacy group reveals that car manufacturers are collecting and sharing extensive data from vehicles, raising privacy concerns.
A study finds that deactivating Facebook can improve well-being but may reduce political knowledge.
AMD's new AI chips set new standards for processing speed, outperforming competitors with their advanced capabilities.
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00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 125 for broadcast on the 16 October 2024
00:00:47 - Astronomers have discovered the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen
00:03:14 - Scientists have recovered long section of rocks that originated in the Earths mantle
00:11:26 - NASA spacecraft to study asteroid Dimorphos and its tiny moon Didymos
00:13:56 - More than 35,000 asteroids pose a threat to Earth
00:18:45 - Hera will take two years to reach the asteroid system after launch
00:24:32 - New highly transmissible variant of the Covid-19 virus has been detected in Australia
00:27:29 - New study finds deactivating Facebook accounts reduces political knowledge
00:31:05 - spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday through various podcasting platforms -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 124
*Galaxies: Bigger Than We Ever Imagined
Recent findings suggest that galaxies are far larger than previously thought, with gaseous halos extending much further into intergalactic space. This study, published in Nature Astronomy, focuses on the circumgalactic medium of a starburst galaxy 270 million light-years away. These halos, accounting for about 70% of a galaxy's mass excluding dark matter, may already be interacting with neighboring galaxies like Andromeda and the Milky Way. The research offers fresh insights into galaxy evolution, gas cycling, and the cosmic web.
*Ancient Microbes Found in Billion-Year-Old Rocks
Scientists have discovered living microbes in 2 billion-year-old rocks from South Africa's Bushveld Igneous Complex. This groundbreaking find, published in Microbial Ecology, represents the oldest known living microorganisms. The study utilized advanced imaging techniques to confirm the microbes were native to the ancient rock, offering a glimpse into early life on Earth and potential clues for extraterrestrial life on Mars.
*Vulcan Centaur Rocket's Successful Launch
The United Launch Alliance's new Vulcan Centaur rocket overcame a faulty booster to successfully place its payload into orbit. Despite the anomaly, the mission proceeded from Cape Canaveral, marking an important step towards using Vulcan for high-priority payloads. This launch follows Vulcan's maiden voyage and highlights the transition from older Atlas V and Delta IV rockets.
The Science Report
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 124 for broadcast on the 14 October 2024
00:00:48 - New study finds that galaxies are much larger than previously thought
00:06:25 - Galaxy is 270 million light years away and is a star bursting galaxy
00:17:18 - United Launch Alliance's Vulcan rocket has overcome a faulty strap on booster
00:22:12 - The 2024 Nobel Prizes for Science were awarded this week
00:24:56 - A new study finds two diametrically opposed personalities enjoy magic the most
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