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A Daily Dose of History (06 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt).
Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming-Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
Jan Hus is condemned by the assembly of the council in the Konstanz Cathedral as a heretic and sentenced to be burned at the stake. (See Deaths section.)
A temporary compromise between the rebellious Transylvanian peasants and the noblemen is signed in Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
Richard III is crowned King of England.
Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo: Charles VIII defeats the Holy League.
Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England.
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Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.
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A Daily Dose of History (05 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.
The Burgundian and Majorcan claimants of the Principality of Achaea meet in the Battle of Manolada.
Portuguese forces under the command of Pedro Lopes de Sousa begin an unsuccessful invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy during the Campaign of Danture in Sri Lanka.
John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins.
The Second Continental Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition.
The Convention of Artlenburg is signed, leading to the French occupation of the Electorate of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).
In Buenos Aires the local militias repel the British soldiers within the Second English Invasion.
The Battle of Wagram between the French and Austrian Empires begins.
The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence is adopted by a congress of the provinces.
War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York commence.
War of 1812: Battle of Chippawa: American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario.
Lê Văn Khôi along with 27 soldiers stage a mutiny taking over the Phiên An citadel, developing into the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng.
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A Daily Dose of History (04 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
Pactum Sicardi, a peace treaty between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples, is signed.
Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint.
A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
Jordan II of Capua is anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death.
The Crusades: Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.
Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.
Ottoman-Hungarian wars: The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins.
The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada).
Orangetown Resolutions are adopted in the Province of New York, one of many protests against the British Parliament's Coercive Acts.
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A Daily Dose of History (03 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792.
Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
American Revolutionary War: Iroquois allied to Britain kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
Governor-General Peter von Scholten emancipates all remaining slaves in the Danish West Indies.
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A Daily Dose of History (02 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome.
Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.
In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang inters the bodies of relatives in the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang outside Chang'an.
Battle of Brissarthe: The Franks led by Robert the Strong are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.
King Henry the Fowler dies in his royal palace in Memleben. He is succeeded by his son Otto I, who becomes the ruler of East Francia.
The Byzantine army proclaims Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.
The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain.
Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia.
Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.
Menas, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide.
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A Daily Dose of History (01 Jul 2024)
Today's historical events:
Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded.
Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall.
Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
Lexell's Comet is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi).
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A Daily Dose of History (30 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
The Spanish held Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico having been besieged for fifteen days, surrenders to an English force under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.
The University of Tartu was founded.
The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
Seven Years' War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.
Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
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A Daily Dose of History (29 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war.
Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll.
The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire
Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island.
The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground.
English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound.
Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.
Alexander Macdonell and over five hundred Roman Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
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A Daily Dose of History (28 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.
Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
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A Daily Dose of History (27 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coast south of Cape Cassipore.
The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs.
In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle.
Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina.
British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate.
Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail.
American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign.
The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin.
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A Daily Dose of History (26 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire.
Pope Benedict II is chosen.
En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima.
Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ.
Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms.
Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London.
Richard III becomes King of England.
Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes.
Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed.
Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.
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A Daily Dose of History (25 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.
Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.
Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of women or girls for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.
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A Daily Dose of History (24 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome.
Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland.
The Vikings sack French city of Nantes.
Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place.
Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba.
The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista.
First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce.
Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III.
A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.
John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.
Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England.
The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.
English King Henry VIII commands his 4th wife, Anne of Cleves, to leave the court.
Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
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A Daily Dose of History (23 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile.
A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign the "Treaty of Closer Amity With France" (also known as the Pommeraye treaty), pledging mutual aid against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.
The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board.
The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.
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A Daily Dose of History (22 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars led by Krum defeat the Byzantine army near Edirne. Emperor Michael I is forced to abdicate in favor of Leo V the Armenian.
The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near the Rednitz River, killing its leader Gebhard, Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine).
Fatahillah expels Portuguese forces from Sunda Kelapa, now regarded as the foundation of Jakarta.
Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Ottomans.
The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy.
The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.
A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France.
In the Chesapeake-Leopard affair, the British warship HMS Leopard attacks and boards the American frigate USS Chesapeake.
War of 1812: After learning of American plans for a surprise attack on Beaver Dams in Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a 30 kilometer journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon.
Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.
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A Daily Dose of History (21 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan.
French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac.
Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
In Montreal in New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city.
Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded.
James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court.
New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution.
Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria.
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A Daily Dose of History (20 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.
Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution.
The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.
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A Daily Dose of History (19 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars.
The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven.
English colonists leave Roanoke Island, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in North America.
At least 73,000 people died in the 1718 Tongwei-Gansu earthquake due to landslides in the Qing dynasty.
New Church Day: Emanuel Swedenborg writes: "The Lord sent forth His twelve disciples, who followed Him in the world into the whole spiritual world to preach the Gospel that the Lord God Jesus Christ reigns. This took place on the 19th day of June, in the year 1770."
Battle of Seven Oaks between North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia).
The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23-1. Cartwright umpired.
Princess Louise of the Netherlands marries Crown Prince Karl of Sweden-Norway.
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A Daily Dose of History (18 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Byzantine-Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus and starts pillaging the suburbs of the Byzantine capital Constantinople.
Battle of Civitate: Three thousand Norman horsemen of Count Humphrey rout the troops of Pope Leo IX.
Five Canterbury monks see an event believed to have been the formation of the Giordano Bruno crater on the moon. It is believed that the current oscillations of the Moon's distance from the Earth (on the order of meters) are a result of this collision.
The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitively known meeting of this Irish legislature.
A draft Byzantine-Venetian treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, but is not ratified by Doge Reniero Zeno.
Charles VII's army defeats an English army under John Talbot at the Battle of Patay during the Hundred Years' War. The English lost 2,200 men, over half their army, crippling their efforts during this segment of the war.
Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh.
The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is revoked via a scire facias writ issued by an English court.
Battle of Kolín between Prussian forces under Frederick the Great and an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in the Seven Years' War.
American Revolutionary War: The British Army abandons Philadelphia.
Action of 18 June 1799: A frigate squadron under Rear-admiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée is captured by the British fleet under Lord Keith.
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A Daily Dose of History (17 Jun 2024)
Today's historical events:
Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
Geoffrey V of Anjou, known as Plantagenet, marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I, King of England, and widow of the Emperor Henry V.
Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris.
The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark.
Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.
Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.
Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen.
Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.
Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reach the Mississippi River and become the first Europeans to make a detailed account of its course.
Samuel Wallis, a British sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.
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