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Season Finale!! Aristotle critiques earlier philosophical attempts to explain the fundamental principles of reality using numbers. Aristotle argues against the idea that numbers, either as abstract entities or as "Forms," are the ultimate constituents of the universe. He challenges the methodologies and assumptions of thinkers like the Pythagoreans, highlighting inconsistencies and logical flaws in their arguments. His central point is that these numerical theories fail to adequately explain the diversity and change observable in the world, and that a more robust understanding of substance and potentiality is needed.
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Aristotle's Metaphysics Book 13 discusses the philosophical problem of substance. Aristotle tackles the existence of mathematical objects, such as numbers and geometrical figures, and explores arguments for and against their existence as separate entities. He then critiques Plato's theory of Forms, examining the various arguments for their existence and the problems associated with them, including their nature as universals and separables.
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Book 12 of Aristotle's Metaphysics discusses his conception of the unmoved mover, an eternal and immaterial being. The unmoved mover is the ultimate source of all motion and change in the world. He argues that the unmoved mover is not affected by the world, but instead, is the final cause.
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Aristotle examines multiple meanings of key terms, including "beginning," "cause," "element," and "nature," analyzing their various applications and relationships. He further defines concepts like "necessary," "one," "same," "other," "prior," "posterior," "potency," "quantum," "quality," "relative," "complete," "limit," "disposition," "having," "affection," "privation," "holding," "coming from," "part," "whole," "mutilated," "genus," and "accident,"clarifying their nuanced uses and interconnections. The work systematically dissects these terms, revealing the complexities of defining and understanding reality. Finally, Aristotle distinguishes between accidental and essential aspects of being.
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In Book 11, Aristotle explores the nature of wisdom and its object of study. He argues that wisdom must be a science of first principles, but grapples with defining these principles. He rejects the idea of forms as separate entities, and analyzes the possibility of wisdom being concerned with mathematical objects or perceptible substances, ultimately concluding that it must be a separate discipline focusing on being itself.
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In Book 10 Aristotle attempts to define the concept of being. In this excerpt, Aristotle explores the concept of unity (or “one”), examining its different meanings and investigating how it relates to concepts like plurality, difference, contrariety, and measure.
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Aristotle begins by outlining various perspectives on what constitutes substance: natural substances like fire and water, mathematical objects, and the more abstract concepts of essence and substratum. He then proceeds to delve into the nature of sensible substances, arguing that they possess matter, which exists potentially, and form, which represents actuality. The excerpt highlights key concepts like the distinction between potential and actual existence, the role of differentiae in defining things, and the importance of understanding the causal relationships between matter, form, and the agent that brings about actualization.
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In Book 9 Aristotle explores concepts of potency and actuality. Aristotle argues that actuality is prior to potency and that things exist potentially when they have the capacity to become something else, and actually when they have achieved that state of being. He distinguishes between different types of potency.
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The text examines the different ways in which terms like "beginning," "cause," "element," "nature," "necessary," "one," "being," "substance," "same," "other," "different," "like," "opposite," "prior," "posterior," "potency," "quantum," "quality," "relative," "complete," "limit," "that in virtue of which," "disposition," "having," "affection," "privation," "holding," "coming from," "part," "whole," "mutilated," "race," "genus," "false," and "accident" are used.
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Aristotle’s Metaphysics Book VII focuses on the concept of substance, exploring different understandings of what it means for something to "be". The text examines various categories of being, including essence, universal, genus, and substratum, and how these relate to the concept of substance.
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Aristotle's Metaphysics, Book VI explores the nature of being and its various meanings. Aristotle argues that there are different kinds of being, including accidental being, true being (in contrast to false being), and being qua being.
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In Book 4 Aristotle revisits Being and substance. He examines the nature of unity. This episode will cover contraries, contradictions, and change.
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Aristotle examines several questions about these principles, including: whether there is one science or multiple sciences that study causes; whether these sciences should focus on the first principles of substance or on the principles underlying all proofs; whether sensible substances are the only ones that exist; and whether the first principles are genera or parts.
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Book two examines first principles and first causes.
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Welcome to our first deep dive. In this season, we will be focusing on Aristotle's Metaphysics. Each episode will cover one of the 14 books in this text. Book 1 introduces Being and the four fundamental causes.
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A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful by Edmund Burke explores the psychological and physiological basis of our perceptions of beauty and sublimity. Burke argues that beauty is associated with qualities that induce relaxation and pleasure in the senses, such as smoothness, smallness, and gradual variation. In contrast, he asserts that sublimity arises from experiences of pain, danger, and awe, often connected to ideas of power, vastness, and obscurity. Burke's work examines how these aesthetic categories are rooted in our sensory experiences and the ways in which they influence our emotional responses.
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Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty is a significant work in the phenomenological tradition that challenges the Cartesian mind-body dualism. Merleau-Ponty argues that perception is not a passive reception of sensory information by a detached mind, but rather a dynamic interaction between the embodied subject and the world. By exploring the role of our lived body, intentional structures, and the phenomenal field, Merleau-Ponty critiques classical theories of perception and offers a new understanding of consciousness as embodied and perspectival. Stay tuned and subscribe on Apple Podcasts for an exclusive season diving deeper into the works of Merleau-Ponty
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In Michel Foucalt's Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology his unique perspective on the relationship between language, knowledge, and power, is demonstrated as well as his commitment to analyzing how these forces shape our cultural and historical experience. There will be a bonus season available for all subscribers on Apple Podcasts diving into Foucault's works.
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Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment provides a glimpse into his philosophical system and the overarching themes explored in the work. Kant emphasizes the importance of critique in philosophy, arguing that we must examine the limitations of our cognitive abilities before making judgments. The Critique of Judgment focuses on aesthetic and teleological judgments, examining how we judge beauty and the purposiveness of nature.
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In Heidegger's Off the Beaten Track, he dedicates a piece 'The Origin of the Work of Art' inquiring into the nature of art, focusing on the relationship between the artwork, the artist, and art itself. He argues art is not just a mere object but holds with it a work-character, and it is this work-character that defines art.
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