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  • Today we’re making a sacrifice to the gods of the algorithm and reviewing an episode of Graham Hancock’s Ancient Apocalypse: The Americas (2024). To help carry this burden, we’re joined by Dr. Andrew Kinkella, who helps us evaluate claims about the ancient Maya in this series’ sixth episode. How did ancient people learn to count? How did they find out that the sun exists? It’s a real mystery.

    Check out Andrew Kinkella’s shows:

    The Pseudo-Archaeology Podcast: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo

    The CRM Archaeology Podcast: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/crmarchpodcast

    Kinkella Teaches Archaeology: https://www.youtube.com/@KinkellaTeachesArchaeology

    Get in touch with us:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Fingerprints of the Gods (1995) by Graham Hancock: https://ia803100.us.archive.org/8/items/fingerprintsofthegodsbygrahamhancock/Fingerprints%20of%20the%20Gods%20by%20Graham%20Hancock.pdf

    Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (1882) by Ignatius Donnelly: https://archive.org/details/atlantisantedilu00donnuoft

    Kukulkan/Quetzalcoatl: https://www.worldhistory.org/Kukulcan/

    Palenque: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/411/

    Palaeolithic Calendars: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_115

    How to track the solstices and equinoxes yourself: https://johnmuirlaws.com/sun-shadows-exploring-the-solstice-and-equinox/

    Milky Way Mythology: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way_(mythology)

    Ayahuasca: https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/ayahuasca/

    The Mayan Numeral System: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakermath4libarts/chapter/the-mayan-numeral-system/

    Serra da Paituna: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5173343/

    The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825211000262

    Flint Dibble livestream with Ken Feder for #RealArchaeology: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEimOPN_pO8

    Homer Simpson deceptively edited: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEGFaOeUm2A

  • Today we’re getting spooky with As Above, So Below (2014), the story of yet another unethical archaeologist who has no qualms about breaking into sites, vandalizing artifacts, and never documenting anything. Unlike most archaeological heroes, however, she is forced to atone for these sins by passing through the nine levels of Hell, à la Dante’s Inferno.

    Discover new #RealArchaeology podcasts, YouTube channels, and more at https://real-archaeology.com/

    Get in touch with us:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Visit the Paris Catacombs: https://www.catacombes.paris.fr/en

    The movie was actually filmed in the catacombs: https://ew.com/article/2014/08/28/as-above-so-below-dowdle/

    The real Nicolas Flamel was not an alchemist: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/cobbling-together-legend-nicolas-flamel

    Dante’s Nine Circles of Hell: https://www.thoughtco.com/dantes-9-circles-of-hell-741539

    You can’t get a PhD in “Symbology”: https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/in-the-dan-brown-books-robert-langdon-is-a-professor-of-religious-symbology-is-there-really-any-such-thing.html

    Semiotics: https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~chazelle/courses/BIB/semio2.htm

    The Sedlec Ossuary: https://sedlecossuary.com/

    We ArE lIvInG iN a SiMuLaTiOn – R/sUpErStOnK kNoWs ThE tRuTh! https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/q0m68d/so_uh_anyone_read_manly_p_hall_lucifer_equals_741/

    Manly P. Hall – The Secret Teachings of All Ages: http://www.themasonictrowel.com/books/hall_the_secret-teachings_of_all_ages/files/chapter_29.htm

    “It’s the Trevi Fountain! There can be no question!”: https://comb.io/iPRAQX

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  • It’s October so we’re reviewing scary movies! Tár (2022) is the story of a groundbreaking orchestra conductor who... wait, that doesn’t sound right... Oh, I see, we actually watched Tar (2020), the story of a greasy prehistoric demon who emerges from the La Brea tar pits to haunt a small computer repair store. Well, Josh and Ross did – Kim messed up and watched the wrong movie, but we decided to spare her the ordeal and record the podcast anyway.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch Tar (2020) on YouTube (with Sinhala subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB5SN57t9OA

    Academy Award Nominee Graham Greene as explosives expert Edgar Montrose on The Red Green Show: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyPjeeoVMU0

    Predator Traps: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_trap

    Predator fossils from La Brea: https://tarpits.org/research-collections/tar-pits-collections

    La Brea Woman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMKptjhffrM

    Other tar pits: https://tarpits.org/tar-pits-world

    Horses in the Americas: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/native-americans-spread-horses-through-the-west-earlier-than-thought-180981912/

    Matchee Manitou: https://dchp.arts.ubc.ca/entries/Matchi%20Manitou

  • Today we’re reviewing the Adam Driver vehicle 65 (2023), a story about humans fighting dinosaurs, except the humans aren’t really humans and the dinosaurs aren’t really dinosaurs. We talk about Triassic archosaurs, shrink-wrapped dinosaurs, and “dinosauroids”, and try to figure out who this film was meant for.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    The tongue-eating louse: https://www.npr.org/2021/10/23/1048718433/the-tongue-eating-louse-does-exactly-what-its-name-suggests

    Tyrannosaurs claw: https://www.theprehistoricstore.com/products/tyrannosaurus-rex-life-size-thumb-claw-replica

    Velociraptor claw: https://www.fossilcrates.com/products/velociraptor-killing-claw-and-artwork

    Dinopedia’s list of dinosaurs in 65: https://dinopedia.fandom.com/wiki/65

    Screen Rant’s list of dinosaurs in 65: https://screenrant.com/65-movie-dinosaurs-species-list/

    Shrink-wrapping dinosaurs: https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/tetrapod-zoology/dinosaurs-and-the-anti-shrink-wrapping-revolution/

    The Sixth Extinction (2014) by Elizabeth Kolbert: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250062185/thesixthextinction

    Times when you know the most about dinosaurs: https://i.imgur.com/8I6sTZW.png

    65 Pitch Meeting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FwjddnNMcM

    The Dinosauroid: https://tetzoo.com/blog/2021/8/30/dinosauroid-at-nearly-40-years-old

    Quicksand on Mythbusters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhV-WpY24nE

  • When Men Carried Clubs and Women Played Ding-Dong (1971) is an Italian sex comedy in which cave women of two warring tribes stage a sex strike until their cave men make peace. If that sounds familiar, it’s because it’s a stone-age adaptation of the Ancient Greek play Lysistrata by Aristophanes. It’s all Greek to us, so we’ve invited Dr. Sara Hales-Brittain and Sam Siegel of the Greeced Lightning podcast to help us understand the erotic chicken cosplay, glory-hole fish emasculation, and petroleum-based conversion therapy. You heard me.

    Listen to Greeced Lightning wherever you get your podcasts.

    Follow Greeced Lightning on Social Media:

    https://x.com/Greecedlightpod

    https://www.instagram.com/greecedlightningpod/

    https://bsky.app/profile/greecedlightning.bsky.social

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch When Men Carried Clubs and Women Played Ding-Dong on the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/when-men-carried-clubs-and-women-played-ding-dong

    Read Lysistrata by Aristophanes: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7700/7700-h/7700-h.htm

    Chi-Raq on Greeced Lightning: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/chi-raq-lysistrata/id1667396859?i=1000623681450

    Il Primo Re on Greeced Lightning: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/il-primo-re-the-founding-of-rome/id1667396859?i=1000641708307

    Attila on SotSA: https://pasc-scpa.ca/sotsa/sotsa-e60

    “Spare me your space-age techno-babble, Attila the Hun!”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aid8hBOGePw

    “Chickens don’t clap!”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaS_WXQ9QK0

    Circummingo: https://www.latin-is-simple.com/en/vocabulary/verb/1700/

    Petronius’ werewolf story: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0027%3Atext%3DSatyricon%3Asection%3D62

    Lingurium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyngurium

    Crannogs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crannog

  • Dr. Advait Jukar, our first ever guest, returns for another crack at the Ice Age franchise. In The Meltdown (2006), we catch up with the world’s most famous computer-animated megafauna as they flee climate change, and a snake-oil salesman, and vultures, and Mesozoic monsters, and in the end it turns out the stakes were never really that high. But if you like long lists of scientific names for animals, then you’re in for a treat!

    Advait’s links:

    Florida Museum of Natural History: https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/

    The Montbrook fossil site: https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/sites/montbrook/

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    The Channeled Scablands: http://www.sevenwondersofwashingtonstate.com/the-channeled-scablands.html

    The fan list of species we’re using in this episode: https://parody.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Species_in_Ice_Age_2:_The_Meltdown

    Sloths:

    Megalonyx:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalonyx

    Nothrotheriops: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothrotheriops

    Eremotherium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremotherium

    Paramylodon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramylodon

    Armadillos:

    Dasypus bellus, the beautiful armadillo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasypus_bellus

    Pampatheres: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampatheriidae

    Holmesina (a genus of Pampathere): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmesina

    Glyptodon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptodon

    Sea Creatures:

    Huphesuchus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupehsuchus

    Metriorhynchus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metriorhynchus

    Dakosaurus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakosaurus

    Brachauchenius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachauchenius

    Globidens: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globidens

    Pacus: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/pacu-fish.htm

    Elephants:

    Platybelodon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platybelodon

    Paracerotherium, the inspiration for Star Wars’ ATAT: https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-did-a-mega-mammal-inspire-star-wars/

    Aphanobelodon: https://www.deviantart.com/cisiopurple/art/Aphanobelodon-zhaoi-939120720

    Other animals:

    Megaloceras: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloceros

    Protoceratideae: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoceratidae

    Macrauchenia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrauchenia

    Serranía de la Lindosa cave art: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2020.0496

    Chalicotherium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalicotherium

    Tylocephalonyx (dome-headed chalicothere): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylocephalonyx

    Mylagaulidae (horned rodents): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylagaulidae

    Bootherium (extinct Muskox): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootherium

    Dodo (Raphuscucullatus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo

    The only painting of a dodo from life? https://www.reddit.com/r/Naturewasmetal/comments/ts256f/the_dodos_true_coloursa_dodo_that_was_painted/

    Other dodo sketches from life: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228371340_The_history_of_the_Dodo_Raphus_cucullatus_and_the_penguin_of_Mauritius

    The White Dodo: https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/anh.2004.31.1.57

    New woolly rhino mummy: https://www.livescience.com/animals/extinct-species/siberian-gold-miners-accidentally-find-ancient-woolly-rhino-mummy-with-horn-and-soft-tissues-still-intact

  • Today we’re joined by Seth Chagi of World of Paleoanthropology to review a stone age classic: Quest for Fire (1981) hits almost all the caveman movie tropes, but to be fair, it probably originated most of them. We talk about the origins of controlled use of fire, “conlangs”, and how this movie has become more scientifically accurate over time.

    Check out the World of Paleoanthropology:

    https://worldofpaleoanthropology.org/

    https://www.youtube.com/@worldofpaleoanthropology

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch Quest for Fire on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MV1H_bAt-E

    Nonhuman ape sense of humour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJarjlRVZzY

    Bonobos laugh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhlHx5ivGGk

    Bonobo sex: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bonobo-sex-and-society-2006-06/

    Sabre-toothed cats’ coat patterns: https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/laelaps/did-saber-cats-have-spotted-and-striped-coats/

    The Naked Ape by Desmond Morris: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Ape

    Anthony Burgess created the Ulam language: https://www.anthonyburgess.org/quest-for-fire/quest-for-language/

    Australian firehawks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zcJs16aZ5s

    Were there any human tribes who didn’t have the ability to start fire? https://www.reddit.com/r/AskAnthropology/comments/872kfd/is_it_true_that_ther_arewere_isolated_peoples_who/

  • Today we’re reviewing the third movie in the Jurassic Park franchise with extra special returning guest and actual star of the film: Dr. Andrew Kinkella! He takes us behind the scenes of his breakout role as “Lecture Attendee #231” and reveals why he gave up his film aspirations to pursue a much more practical career in archaeology.

    Listen to Dr. Andrew Kinkella on the Pseudo-Archaeology Podcast: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork...

    Kinkella Teaches Archaeology on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaREZDSg-l3pOyu0AW3tfjA

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    The strange saga of Spinosaurus: https://carnegiemnh.org/the-strange-saga-of-spinosaurus-the-semiaquatic-dinosaurian-superpredator/

    Spinosaurus, Baryonyx, and Suchomimus: https://www.sciencethatstuff.com/post/2018/03/01/spinosaurus-suchomimus-baryonyx-and-irritator-what-were-they-werent-they-all-just-the-sam

    Pteranodon means “Toothless Wing”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteranodon

    Velociraptor had feathers: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/velociraptor-facts.html

    Tyrannosaurus had lips: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/t-rex-had-lips-that-concealed-its-teeth-study-says-180981914/

    The history of 3D printing: https://www.autodesk.com/design-make/articles/history-of-3d-printing

    Egyptian mummy voice reconstruction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-Iok_QiE64

    Paleontologist Jack Horner: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Horner_(paleontologist)

  • Ross is away today but undergrad student Zach Hoorman is filling in to help us review the first episode of It’s About Time (1966), a sitcom from the creator of Gilligan’s Island about two astronauts who accidentally “break the time barrier” and find themselves stranded one million years in the past. There’s not much real palaeoanthropology to talk about in this episode, so instead Josh does a poor job of explaining Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch It’s About Time on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QguKIuhEiI

    Neanderthal eyes and brains: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21759233

    Just-so stories: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-so_story

    Hair in the Palaeolithic: https://www.academia.edu/81780985/Bad_Hair_Days_in_the_Paleolithic_Modern_Re_Constructions_of_the_Cave_Man?f_ri=2403396

    Einstein’s theory of special relativity: https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html

    The speed of light on a train: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVKFBaaL4uM

    1960s car crash songs: https://riffmagazine.com/mp3/rewind-20220122/

  • Firebringer (2016) is a musical play about the discovery of fire by a tribe of polyamourous, matriarchal ancient humans. They also invent stone tools, art, hunting—they pretty much hit all the classic caveman tropes, and even subvert some of them. The only problem is... it’s a musical.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch Firebringer (2016) on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmVuNlu0LCk

    The earliest controlled use of fire: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2743299

    The oldest stone tools: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32804177

    Neanderthals hafted tools with birch tar: https://www.science.org/content/article/50000-year-old-tar-smeared-tool-shows-neanderthal-smarts

    The oldest cave paintings: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aap7778

    Divje Babe Neanderthal “flute”: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/holes-in-a-bone-flute-or-fluke

    Palaeolithic Lithophones: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00229.x

    Homo naledi: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/homo-naledi-your-most-recently-discovered-human-relative.html

    Early art at Blombos Cave: https://theconversation.com/south-africas-blombos-cave-is-home-to-the-earliest-drawing-by-a-human-103017

    Goog Enough on Twitter: https://x.com/goog_enough

    Sima de los Huesos: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-sima-hominins-an-ancient-human-cold-case

    The Mauer mandible: https://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/homo%20heidelbergensis/Mauer%201

    Bae et al. (2023) Moving away from “the Muddle in the Middle” toward solving the Chibanian puzzle: https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.22011

    Roksandic et al. (2021) Resolving the “muddle in the middle”: The case for Homo bodoensis sp. nov. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21929

    The Middle Pleistocene was renamed to “Chibanian”: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chibanian-age-earths-newly-named-geological-period-180974224/

  • Evolution (2001) is a star-studded soft-disclosure propaganda film masquerading as a shampoo commercial intended to prepare us for extraterrestrial butt stuff. I think? I mean it doesn’t seem to know what evolution is. In this episode we discuss organic chemistry, asexual reproduction, and Lamarckism, and also firetrucks for some reason.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

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    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Evolution (2001) production information: https://www.cinema.com/articles/458/evolution-production-information.phtml

    Tillers and Quillers (i.e. fire trucks): https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/features/cantankerous-wisdom-tillers-quillers/

    Head and Shoulders “Intensive treatment”: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/selsun-blue-tersifoam-selenium-sulfide-topical-343485

    Lamarckism: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/the-history-of-evolutionary-thought/1800s/early-concepts-of-evolution-jean-baptiste-lamarck/

    Asexual reproduction in plants: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.03%3A_Reproduction_in_Plants/16.3E%3A_Asexual_Reproduction_in_Plants

    Stephen J. Gould (1989) Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History: https://archive.org/details/wonderfullifebur0000goul_r6i5/page/n7/mode/2up

    Multiple sexes in fungi: https://www.the-scientist.com/this-fungus-has-more-than-17-000-sexes-69930

    Starfish Regeneration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish_regeneration

    Hypothetical types of biochemistry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry

    Natural Gas Odorizers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odorizer

    Evolution wouldn’t follow the same path twice: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190709-would-humans-evolve-again-if-we-rewound-time

  • Adam and Eve (Bingo!) Meet the Cannibals (Bingo!) tells the story of two blond (Bingo!) early humans who are banished from their home (Bingo!) and go on a rambling journey (Bingo!) where they encounter dinosaurs (Bingo!) and several tribes of cave people. Of course, everyone will be familiar with the plot because it’s a loose adaptation of the famous story, The Quest for Fire. What’s that? “Bible”? “Genesis”? Never heard of it.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

    Facebook: @SotSAPodcast

    Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/

    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Where did Cain's wife come from? https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/department/biblical-views-who-did-cain-marry/

    Cannibalism in the bible: https://www.openbible.info/topics/cannibalism

    Simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1659310/

    Disease transmission by cannibalism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2189571/

    Can vampires get HIV? https://www.reddit.com/r/AskScienceFiction/comments/nwcs93/vampires_can_vampires_get_hiv_or_aids/

    How many holes does a human have? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egEraZP9yXQ

    Can you run a string through your entire GI tract? https://www.straightdope.com/21341206/can-yogas-swallow-a-cloth-and-have-it-come-out-the-urk-other-end

    Family Guy Seagulls are not cannibals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG0MxhkQ67w

    Origin and diversification of birds: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.003

    Plants take up chronic wasting disease prions in the lab: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/chronic-wasting-disease/plants-can-take-cwd-causing-prions-soil-lab-what-happens-if-they-are-eaten

    Kuru disease: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kuru

    Did Adam and Eve have bellybuttons? https://www.doesgodexist.org/SepOct06/TheGreatBellyButtonDebate.html

    Men don’t have fewer ribs than women: https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/arguments-to-avoid/women-have-more-ribs-than-men/

    Was Eve made from Adam’s baculum? https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ncbi-rofl-what-did-god-do-with-adams-penis-bone

    Os clitoridis (baubellum): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_clitoridis

  • If you were watching American TV in 2004, then you remember the Geico caveman commercials. What you might not remember is that they spun off a sitcom: Cavemen (2007), starring Nick Kroll, was cancelled after only six episodes and is considered one of the worst TV series of all time. But how does it hold up to scientific scrutiny? Find out on today’s episode, where we do the research the screenwriters didn’t!

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    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    The Geico caveman commercials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8o_YqzMBoo

    Watch the full Cavemen series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE9Q41jqFKU&list=PL81C5835E560AE6BE

    Green et al. (2010) A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1188021

    Green et al. (2006) Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05336

    Denny, the first generation Neanderthal/Denisovan hybrid: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/nov/24/denisovan-neanderthal-hybrid-denny-dna-finder-project

    Interbreeding between archaic humans: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans

    “Ghost lineages” in human ancestry: https://www.science.org/content/article/mysterious-ghost-populations-had-multiple-trysts-human-ancestors

    Oase 1 – a modern human with recent Neanderthal ancestry: https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14558

    Bacho Kiro – modern humans with recent Neanderthal ancestry: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3

    Nikolai Valuev (is not a Neanderthal): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Valuev

    Allometry: https://www.britannica.com/science/allometry

  • It finally happened! Archaeologist Flint Dibble faced-off against pseudoarchaeologist Graham Hancock on the Joe Rogan Experience, so we’ve invited Dr. Andrew Kinkella to help us break down this four-and-a-half-hour-long podcast episode! Was there an advanced civilization before the Younger Dryas? Find out once and for all in this episode!

    Listen to Dr. Andrew Kinkella on the Pseudo-Archaeology Podcast: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo

    Kinkella Teaches Archaeology on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@KinkellaTeachesArchaeology

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    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch JRE#2136 Graham Hancock & Flint Dibble on YouTube: https://youtu.be/-DL1_EMIw6w?si=2iZKAAz5vHIVdcP_

    Flint Dibble on why he did JRE - Sapiens: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/graham-hancock-joe-rogan-archaeology/

    John Hoopes on Hancock’s book Talisman: https://twitter.com/KUHoopes/status/1598744692321026065?lang=en

    Aaron Rabinowitz on antisemitism in Hancock’s work – The Skeptic: https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2023/02/netflixs-ancient-apolocalypse-hosted-by-graham-hancock-from-alien-conspiracies-to-antisemitism/

    The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/protocols-of-the-elders-of-zion

    I forgot to mention! Hancock wrote about about a lost civilization on Mars. He has definitely supported the ancient aliens hypothesis: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/53330.The_Mars_Mystery

    The Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate: https://www.youtube.com/live/z6kgvhG3AkI?si=Xc1SRmSBCYO7d5l2

    Andrew Kinkella on Wired Tech Support: https://youtu.be/pUstiwexvkI?si=AV2ql0wjBsJvjpsQ

    Flint Dibble on Archaeosoup: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pVbAT8LORA

    Stefan Milo – Atlantis is Dead: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWugM4XRPuc

    Archaeodeath with Fredrik Trusoham of Digging Up Ancient Aliens on the Dibble/Hancock debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOzxl7wyTDs

    Andrew Kinkella on the Dibble/Hancock debate: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo/140

  • Today we’re reviewing Evolution’s Child (1999), a made-for-TV movie in which a woman is accidentally impregnated by sperm from an Ötzi-inspired ice mummy, and ultimately gives birth to a child with magical bronze age powers—and one fatal weakness. We talk ancient diseases, DNA contamination, and genetic memory, and Ross reassures us that this probably won’t happen at your local IVF clinic.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

    Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Alzheimer’s disease throughout history: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9

    Origins of sickle cell disease: https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/diversity/african-american-blood-donors/history-of-sickle-cell-disease.html

    Ancient pollution from metallurgy: https://vice.com/en/article/z4m7e4/ancient-metallurgy-suggests-the-anthropocene-started-thousands-of-years-ago

    Present-day DNA contamination in ancient DNA: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.202000081

    A woman requested to be impregnated by Ötzi’s sperm: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418206/

    Evolution of lactase persistence: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230503/What-is-lactase-persistence-and-how-did-it-evolve.aspx

    Museum of Anthropology, UBC: https://moa.ubc.ca/

    Robson Square Steps: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/robson-square-accessibility-1.5255477

    Epigenetics: https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/epigenetics.htm

    “Genetic memory” in mice: https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnn.3594

    Epigenetic effects of famines: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/science/dutch-famine-genes.html

    Geordi is a fucking incel: https://www.reddit.com/r/startrek/comments/9uz83w/remember_the_time_dr_brahms_stumbled_upon_geordis/

    Star trek the Next Futurama: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU09gLXwc_A&list=PLghELjfG88YEGpW22Y5AAZxiihGj3qEPb

  • We rarely the get change to review a newly released caveman movie, so we’re really excited about Out of Darkness (2022), the story of Upper Palaeolithic modern humans venturing into Europe for the first time, and encountering a mysterious enemy. What could it be? Well if you’ve kept up with the field of palaeoanthropology over the last twenty or thirty years, it’s probably exactly what you expect!

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Palaeolithic thaumatrope/whirlygig: https://rockartblog.blogspot.com/2019/04/prehistoric-animation-paleolithic.html

    Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06923-7

    Microliths of the Aurignacian: https://doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2002.12.1.83

    Earliest evidence of woven fabric: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-textiles-172909

    Hairdos in prehistoric Europe: https://richlyadorned.wordpress.com/2017/01/31/hairdos-in-prehistoric-europe/

    Prehistoric humans had better teeth than we do: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/prehistoric-humans-had-better-teeth-than-we-do-26567282/

    Fictional languages are called “conlangs”: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/

    Self defense against strangulation: https://mbcc.mt.gov/_docs/Events/Educational-Power-Hour/Strangulation-Response/Safety-Plan-Brochure-Strangulation.pdf

    David Bock does our graphic design; check out his amazing work! https://www.dkbock.com/

    Check out our great new YouTube title cards! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC04f7AHZm92A0wGw-kA6yww

  • Today we’re travelling to the 24th century to discover humans’ earliest ancestors in The Chase, a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, in which Captain Picard gets a chance to follow the road not taken and fulfill his dream of being an archaeologist. We talk pottery, ancient DNA, and linear progressive evolution.

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Pottery by Aurora: https://www.instagram.com/potterybyaurora/

    Archaeological laws and ethics: https://www.saa.org/about-archaeology/archaeology-law-ethics

    Naiskos: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiskos

    Polychrome: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychrome

    Seth Rogen’s Sidecar Ashtray: https://www.houseplant.com/products/sidecar-ashtray

    Xenoarchaeology: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoarchaeology

    Animals with archaeological records: https://www.livescience.com/which-animals-use-stone-tools

    Ancient DNA (aDNA): https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2013.0371

    Environmental DNA (eDNA): https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/environmental-dna-edna

    Marine sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA): https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1185435

  • The Beast from the Beginning of Time (1965) is a story we’ve seen many times: archaeologists find a caveman who wakes up and kills everyone. It doesn’t have the camp of Trog, or the star power of Horror Express, or the quotable lines of The Neanderthal Man, or the catchy surf-rock tunes of Eegah, or the budget of Neander-Jin... Well, enjoy the episode.

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Watch The Beast from the Beginning of Time on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxtboADRTuw

    Liquid scintillation counting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdFWcJFMUlI

    Rigor mortis: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-causes-rigor-mortis-601995

    Lichtenberg figures (Lightning fern burns): https://www.glenallenweather.com/alink/20thunder/Lichtenberg%20Figures.pdf

    Thagomizer: https://www.amusingplanet.com/2020/07/thagomizer-why-stegosaurus-spiky-tail.html

    Learn more about archaeological giants on Digging Up Ancient Aliens: https://diggingupancientaliens.com/episode-55-giants.html

    The Myth of the Moundbuilders: https://www.thoughtco.com/moundbuilder-myth-history-and-death-171536

    J.B.S. Haldane’s “Precambrian rabbits”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_rabbit

  • Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012) tells the story of Hushpuppy, a young girl living with her daddy in the Louisiana bayou, adapting to a changing world: her father is dying, the climate is warming, and prehistoric beasts are returning from the ice to haunt her. Aurochs, the titular beasts, were real Pleistocene animals – although the movie takes some artistic liberties. It’s a wonderful movie with many layers, but the only one we’re really qualified to dissect is the evolution of cows.

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    Aurochs, the extinct wild ox: https://www.britannica.com/animal/aurochs

    Aurochs behind the scenes in Beasts of the Southern Wild: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUE0VXyLi7w

    Get Ross’ book! The Missing Lynx: The Past and Future of Britain’s Lost Mammals: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/missing-lynx-9781472957351/

    When the Nazis tried to bring back animals from extinction: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-nazis-tried-bring-animals-back-extinction-180962739/

    Cows Gone Wild: The Cattle of Heck: Cows Gone Wild: The Cattle of Heck: https://daily.jstor.org/cows-gone-wild-the-cattle-of-heck/

    The Lascaux Shaft Scene: https://alistaircoombs.com/2018/08/24/the-lascaux-shaft-scene/

    Cows kill more people than sharks or crocodiles: https://www.businessinsider.com/deadliest-animals-us-dont-include-sharks-crocodiles-dogs-cows-2019-8

    Elysian Fields: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-were-the-elysian-fields-in-greek-mythology-116736

  • Today we’re diving into the music industry and reviewing seven stone age music videos: from Pearl Jam to Wu-Tang Clan, from folk to metal, musicians seem to love the ancient past. We explore the intersection of art and science, the way every generation projects their own ideals onto the past, and the disturbing amount of sperm in these videos!

    Featured music videos:

    Fatboy Slim – Right Here, Right Now (1998): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub747pprmJ8

    Pearl Jam – Do the Evolution (1998): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDaOgu2CQtI

    Stoner Kings – Cro Magnon (2019): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8HpWcF1tL0

    Wu-Tang Clan – Gravel Pit (2000): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of-lpfsBR8U

    Josh Ritter – The Curse (2010): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxWxiuJRApU

    Caroline Polachek – Welcome To My Island (2023): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxgcz_6GKX0

    Hotlegs – Neanderthal Man (1970): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0e0qYP_PTlY

    Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:

    Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast

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    Email: [email protected]

    In this episode:

    A new placoderm fish was just published with a huge underbite like the one in the Fatboy Slim video! https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231747

    The Miller-Urey experiment: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Urey_experiment

    The myth of the 1929 stock market crash suicides:

    https://www.straightdope.com/21343548/after-the-1929-stock-market-crash-did-investors-really-jump-out-of-windows

    Cro magnon 1 had a tumorous face: https://www.newsweek.com/cro-magnon-1-had-skin-disorder-causing-face-be-covered-tumors-867225

    Stoner Kings: Alpha Male (2019): https://stonerkings.bandcamp.com/album/alpha-male

    Michael Majalhati, the Canadian Rebel Starbuck: https://majalahti.com/

    Hevisaurus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXhhlYdySqQ

    Winds of Genocide: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br19bey-TPA

    Cemican: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UTRDQtpgL8

    Heilung: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVbc_Fwbt50

    Jurassic Park Scarf: https://www.walmart.ca/en/ip/Jurassic-Park-Large-Knitted-Scarf-When-Dinosaurs-Ruled-The-Earth/PRD77TLFPB7K79C

    Josh Ritter on Q (2010): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-vLDmvvjHY
    The Chimera of Arezzo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_of_Arezzo

    Caroline Polachek visits a Przewalski’s horse with Vulture: https://www.vulture.com/article/caroline-polachek-desire-new-album-profile.html