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  • Lisa Frankenstein

    Lisa Frankenstein

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1989 with Lisa Frankstein! Join us as we learn about leg warmers, intuitive people and emotional vampires, the world's biggest contraceptive sponge, tanning beds, and more!

    Sources:
    Tori Telfer, "A Brief History of Leg Warmers," Bustle, available at https://www.bustle.com/articles/29436-whatever-happened-to-leg-warmers-hint-animals
    Rare Historical Photos, "The Legwarmers Craze of the 1980s," available at https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/legwarmers-fashion-1980s/

    Ngram, "Intuitive person:" https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=intuitive+person&year_start=1900&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=false
    https://www.google.com/books/edition/You_the_Healer/-e5fyvbWc9YC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22intuitive%20person%22&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover
    NGram, "Emotional vampire," https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=emotional+vampire&year_start=1800&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3
    Kurtz, Irma. "INTUITION--You'Ve Got it, use it!" Cosmopolitan 180, no. 2 (02, 1976): 176-180.


    D.S. Nachtwey and R.D. Rundel, "A Photobiological Evaluation of Tanning Booths," Science 211, no. 4480 (1981): 405-7. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1685358
    Wehner et al, "International Prevalence of Indoor Tanning Systmatic Review and Meta-analysis," JAMA Dermatol. 2014 April ; 150(4): 390–400. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6896.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_tanning#:~:text=Friedrich%20Wolff%2C%20a%20German%20scientist,America%20in%20the%20late%201970s.
    https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1903/finsen/biographical/
    https://wolffsystem.de/en/history/

    Guttmacher Institute, "Trends in Contraceptive Use in the United States, 1982-1995," Available at https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/psrh/1998/01/trends-contraceptive-use-united-states-1982-1995
    CDC, "Use of Contraception in the United States, 1982-2008", available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_029.pdf

    Rogerebert.com Review: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/lisa-frankenstein-movie-review-2024
    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lisa_frankenstein
    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Frankenstein

  • Wicked Little Letters

    Wicked Little Letters

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1920s England with Wicked Little Letters! Join us as we learn about the real women who appear as characters in this movie, including Edith Swan, Rose Gooding, and Police Officer Gladys Moss!

    Sources:
    Audrey Cartron, Women in the Police Forces in Britain, 1880-1931, MA thesis, full text available at https://library.college.police.uk/docs/theses/CARTRON-Women-in-the-police-forces-in-Britain-1880-1931.pdf
    Sislin Fay Allen, National Archives: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/significant-people-collection/sislin-fay-allen/
    History of Women in Policing, Manchester City Archives: https://gmpmuseum.co.uk/collection-item/history-of-women-in-policing/
    "UK's First Asian Female Police Officer Remembered by Met Police," BBC, available at https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-55886983

    "Wicked little letters: the Littlehampton libel case," The National Archives, https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/explore-by-time-period/interwar/wicked-little-letters-the-littlehampton-libel-case/
    Victor Bailey, review
    Bee Wilson, "Merely a Warning that a Noun is Coming," London Review of Books 40, no.2 (2018).
    https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/media/images/edith-swan-indictment-first-t.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webp
    https://www.findmypast.com/blog/history/wicked-little-letters

    Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_Little_Letters
    RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wicked_little_letters
    BBC Radio 1, "“F*****’ BOOM!” Olivia Colman and Jessie Buckley on pigeon impressions and Wicked Little Letters," https://youtu.be/bdrRjdjkhpo?si=LbFtL_j55SCbYxqZ

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  • Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret

    Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1970 with Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret! Join us as we learn about Earth Day, female cantors, espadrilles, supermodels, adhesive pads, and more!

    Sources:

    Sources:
    Kathleen Horton, "The Story of. . . The Supermodel," The Conversation, available at https://theconversation.com/the-story-of-the-supermodel-26388
    Sarah Lindig and Natalie Matthews, "The Evolution of the Supermodel," Elle, availble at https://www.elle.com/fashion/g28495/evolution-of-the-supermodel/?slide=25
    Google Ngram, "Supermodel": https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=supermodel&year_start=1800&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3

    Ellen Burney, "A brief history of espadrilles: From humble origins to fashion must-have," Vogue India (9 August 2018). https://www.vogue.in/content/brief-history-espadrilles-humble-origins-fashion-must
    https://www.whowhatwear.com/audrey-hepburn-sabrina-style
    https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/news/a57038/espadrilles-history-revolution-basque-stylish/

    https://www.earthday.org/history/
    https://youtu.be/WbwC281uzUs and https://youtu.be/y3RCPAtmpv8?si=jC7VQVR0bK3iY04y

    Jackie Hajdenberg, "Meet the Real-Life Rabbi in the Synagogue Scene in 'Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret," Jerusalem Post, available at https://www.jpost.com/j-spot/article-741919#google_vignette
    On Rosh Hashanah, Meet the Woman Who Made History as the First Female Cantor, Time Magazine, available at https://time.com/4512240/rosh-hashanah-first-woman-cantor/
    Irene Heskes, "Cantors: American Jewish Women," Available at https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/cantors-american-jewish-women#:~:text=Among%20the%20most%20famous%20of,1987)%2C%20Goldie%20Malavsky%20(1923

    Helen King, https://theconversation.com/from-rags-and-pads-to-the-sanitary-apron-a-brief-history-of-period-products-203451
    http://www.mum.org/sanapron.htm
    https://nyamcenterforhistory.org/2016/03/04/solving-womans-oldest-hygienic-problem-in-a-new-way-a-history-of-period-products/
    Kat Eschner, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/surprising-origins-kotex-pads-180964466/

    Kate Erbland, "Five Decades, Generations of Women, and One Letter: Making the Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret Movie," IndieWire, available at https://www.indiewire.com/features/interviews/are-you-there-god-its-me-margaret-movie-interview-1234831555/
    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Are_You_There_God%3F_It's_Me%2C_Margaret._(film)

  • Wasp Network

    Wasp Network

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1990s Miami with Wasp Network! Join us as we learn about terrorist attacks on Cuban resorts, the Angola Crisis, that McDonald's in Guantanamo Bay, and more!

    Sources:

    Central Intelligence Agency National Foreign Assessment Center, "An Analysis of Cuban Military Intervention in Angola and Ethiopia," 31 October 1978, available at https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80T00634A000400010046-2.pdf
    "Angola, Independence and Civil War," Britannica, available at https://www.britannica.com/place/Angola/Independence-and-civil-war
    The Angola Crisis, 1974-1975, Office of the Historian, available at https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/angola

    A.C. Grimes, "The Surprising Location Of Cuba's Only McDonald's," Mashed (9 January 2021). https://www.mashed.com/309819/the-surprising-location-of-cubas-only-mcdonalds/
    Lyle Rexer and Jason Oddy, "Outside the Law: Inside Guantanamo," Aperture 179 (2005): 32-9.

    Salim Lamrani, "The Case of the Five Cuban Political Prisoners," Cuba, the Media, and the Challenge of Impartiality (NYU Press, 2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1287jk0.11
    Salim Lamrani, "Economic Sanctions from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Barack Obama," The Economic War Against Cuba (NYU Press, 2013). https://www.jstor.ort/stable/j.ctt9qgg7f.7
    Holly Ackerman, "The Balsero Phenomenon, 1991-1994," Cuban Studies 26 (1996): 169-200. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24487714
    Rosie Gray, "Relative Says Families Of Slain "Brothers To The Rescue" Weren't Warned Of Cuban Spy Release," BuzzFeedNews (23 December 2014). https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/rosiegray/relative-says-families-of-slain-brothers-to-the-rescue-weren

    "Exile Groups Said to Be Planning Attacks on Cuban Resorts," Tampa Bay Times, available at https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1994/07/23/exile-groups-said-to-be-planning-attack-on-cuban-resorts/
    "Summary of Main Terrorist Actions Against Cuba, 1990-2000," available at https://www.canadiannetworkoncuba.ca/Documents/terror-summary.shtml
    ". 216. Memorandum From Viron P. Vaky of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, Office of the Historian, available at https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve10/d216
    "
    Winston Cho, "Netflix Settles Defamation Suit Brought By Cuban Exiles Over Spy Thriller 'Wasp Network'," The Hollywood Reporter (24 January 2024). https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/netflix-settles-defamation-suit-brought-cuban-exiles-wasp-network-1235806098/
    Brian Tallerico, "Wasp Network," RogerEbert.com (19 June 2020), https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/wasp-network-movie-review-2020
    Arantxa Tirado and Simon Vazquez, "Wasp Network Is a Rare Movie That Doesn't Paint Cubans as Cartoonish Villains," Jacobin (11 August 2020). https://jacobin.com/2020/08/wasp-network-five-cuban-revolution
    Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasp_Network_(film)
    Hollywood Reporter interview: https://youtu.be/T0f1hhx4xvo?si=DZfh5zqnHkVWAK7d
    Interview with Rene Gonzalez and Gerardo Hernandez: https://youtu.be/o4pWqTSwidI?si=C_-YORb1uzpOxmkq

  • Sweet Land

    Sweet Land

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1920s Minnesota with Sweet Land! Join us as we learn about immigrant marriages, German acceptance in Minnesota, English-only churches, and more! We also debut the new Tina Belcher Film Grading Scale, and award this film a respectable score of Two Butts.

    Sources:

    La Vern J. Rippley, "Conflict in the Classroom: Anti-Germanism in Minnesota Schools, 1917-19," Minnesota History 47, no.5 (1981): 170-83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20178699
    Tina Steward Brakebill, "From "German Days" to "100 Percent Americanism": McLean County, Illinois 1913-1918: German Americans, World War One, and One Community's Reaction." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 95, no. 2 (2002): 148-171. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40193520
    Ehsan Alam, "Anti-German Nativism, 1917-1919," MNOpedia, https://www.mnopedia.org/anti-german-nativism-1917-1919
    Becky Little, https://www.history.com/news/anti-german-sentiment-wwi
    https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2022/09/german-immigration-loclrblogint/

    Mark Kuss, "Hey Man! Watch Your Language: Treatment of Germans and German Americans in New Orleans during World War I," Louisiana History 56, no.2 (2015): 178-98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24396453
    Paul Ramsey, ""The War against German-American Culture: The Removal of German-Language Instruction from the Indianapolis Schools, 1917–1919." Indiana Magazine of History 98, no. 4 (2002): 285-303. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27792420
    Elizabeth Dorsey Hatle and Nancy M. Vaillancourt, "One Flag, One School, One Language: Minnesota's Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s." Minnesota History 61, no. 8 (2009): 360-371. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40543955

    Gary Marks, Matthew Burbank, "Immigrant Support for the American Socialist Party, 1912 and 1920," https://www.jstor.org/stable/1171437

    "Go West, Young Woman! An Exploration of Mail Order Brides in America." Smithsonian, available at https://postalmuseum.si.edu/research-articles/go-west-young-woman
    Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, "Armenian Refugee Women: The Picture Brides, 1920-1930," Journal of American Ethnic History (Spring 93)
    Marian L. Smith, "'Any Woman Who is Now or May Hereafter Be Married': Women and Naturalization, ca 1802-1940," Genealogy Notes 30, 2 (1998)
    Seema Sohi, "Barred Zones, Rising Tides, and Radical Struggles: The Antiradical and Anti-Asian Dimensions of the 1917 Immigration Act," Journal of American History (2022)

    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Land
    IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0428038/
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-nov-16-wk-movie16-story.html

  • Godzilla Minus One

    Godzilla Minus One

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to postwar Tokyo with Godzilla Minus One! Join us as we learn about the rebuilding of Ginza, war orphans, sea mine removal, how Godzilla stands upright in the water, and more!

    Sources:
    "Ginza," Tokyo Official Website: https://www.ginza.jp/en/history/2#:~:text=As%20early%20as%20April%2C%201946,Ginza%20%2Ddori%20during%20this%20festival.&text=In%20addition%20to%20the%20regular,goods%20to%20the%20US%20troops.
    "Post-war Ginza," Old Tokyo, available at https://www.oldtokyo.com/post-war-ginza-1945/
    "The Lost Metropolis: 1930s Tokyo Street Life in Pictures," The Guardian available at https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2019/may/17/the-lost-metropolis-1930s-tokyo-street-life-kineo-kuwabara-in-pictures

    US Naval Institute, "Success Meant Death: An Interview with Kaoru Hasegawa," available at https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/1995/october/success-meant-death-interview-kaoru-hasegawa
    Richard Lloyd-Parry, "Survivor Shame," The Independent, available at https://www.independent.co.uk/news/survivor-shame-1592965.html
    Roger B. Jeans, "Victims or Victimizers? Museums, Textbooks, and the War Debate in Contemporary Japan," Journal of Military History 69, 1 (2005)
    Lili van der Does-Ishikawa, "Contested Memories of the Kamikaze and the Self-Representations of Tokko-Tai Youth in Their Missives Home," Japan Forum 27, 3 (2015)
    John W. Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. WW Norton, 2000.

    Mariko Asano Tamanoi, "The Origins and Plight of Sensō Koji (War Orphans) In Postwar Japan," APJIF, 18, iss. 13, no.1 (2020). https://apjjf.org/2020/13/tamanoi
    Robert Efirt, "Japan's "War Orphans": Identification and State Responsibility," The Journal of Japanese Studies 34, no.2 (2008): 363-88. http://www.jstor.com/stable/27756572
    Mariko Asano Tamanoi, "Memory Map 3: Orphans' Memories," Memory Maps: The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan (University of Hawai'i Press, 2009), 84-114. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqrg5.7

    Sheldon Garon, "Operation STARVATION, 1945: A Transnational History of Blockades and the Defeat of Japan," The International History Review 46, no.4 (2024): 535-50.
    Michael Sturma, "Mopping Up," in Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific (University Press of Kentucky, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcr03.13
    John S. Chilstrom, Mines Away! The Significance of U.S. Army Air Forces Minelaying in World War II (Air University Press, 1992).
    John S. Chilsstrom, "A Test for Joint Ops: USAAF Bombing Doctrine and the Aerial Minelaying Mission," Air Power History 40, no.1 (1993): 35-43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26279445
    Lieut. Commander Arnold S. Lott, USN, "Japan's Nightmare--Mine Blockade," U.S. Naval Institute, Vol. 85/11/681 (November 1959). https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1959/november/japans-nightmare-mine-blockade
    https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20231003-140471/
    https://www.state.gov/dipnote-u-s-department-of-state-official-blog/investing-in-the-future-of-the-pacific-u-s-assistance-continues-to-address-wwii-era-explosive-hazards/
    https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15088407

    RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/godzilla_minus_one
    Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One
    https://variety.com/2024/artisans/news/godzilla-minus-one-visual-effects-water-scene-610-shots-1235891768/
    Oscar win: https://youtu.be/h3q7SaXhCPE?si=dSEUEIhlPD9g2xEU

  • The Siege of Jadotville

    The Siege of Jadotville

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1960s Congo with The Siege of Jadotville! Join us as we learn about General Tshombe, Dag Hammarsjkold, UN forces in Jadotville, uranium mining, and more!

    Sources:

    Frank Swain, "The forgotten mine that built the atomic bomb," BBC (2020). https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200803-the-forgotten-mine-that-built-the-atomic-bomb
    Moore, W. Robert. "White Magic in the Belgian Congo: Tribesmen Mine Uranium, Run Machines, Study Modern Medicine as Booming Trade Opens Up the Vast Colony's Resources." National Geographic Magazine, March 1952, [321]+. National Geographic Virtual Library (accessed August 1, 2024).
    Susan Williams, "How a rich uranium mine thrust the Congo into the centre of the Cold War," The Conversation (2016). https://theconversation.com/how-a-rich-uranium-mine-thrust-the-congo-into-the-centre-of-the-cold-war-64761
    Tom Zoellner, "A (Radioactive) Cut in the Earth That Will Not Stay Closed," Scientific American (2009). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-radioactive-cut-that-will-not-stay-closed/

    "Dag Hammarskjold," United Nations, available at https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/dag/time1961.htm
    Emma Graham-Harrison et al, "RAF Veteran 'Admitted 1961 Killing of Secretary-General," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/12/raf-veteran-admitted-killing-un-secretary-general-dag-hammarskjold-in-1961
    "Interview with Secretary General," British Pathe, available at https://youtu.be/5mdY-RE3ZEg?si=7R8VBeQ-KdyYe3XH
    Mads Brugger, "Cold Case Hammarskjold," Magnolia Pictures, 2019
    "Monday 18 September 1961," Aviation Safety Network, available at https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/333493

    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Siege_of_Jadotville_(film)
    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_siege_of_jadotville

    Lar Joye, "What's on Film: The Siege of Jadotville," History Ireland 25, no.1 (2017): 50-51.
    John Terence O'Neill, "The Irish Company at Jadotville, Congo, 1961: Soldiers or Symbols?," International Peacekeeping 9, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 127-144.
    Narayan Swamy, "Gallant Irish Unit Surrenders," The Times of India, Bombay, September 19, 1961.
    Frank McNally, "Five Irish soldiers took their own lives after Jadotville siege," The Irish Times (May 15, 2019). https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/five-irish-soldiers-took-their-own-lives-after-jadotville-siege-1.3893633
    Security Council official records, 16th year : 973rd meeting, 13 November 1961, New York; United Nations Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/631329?ln=en&v=pdf
    Report to the Secretary-General from his Special Representative in the Congo regarding Mr. Patrice Lumumba; https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/630673?ln=en&v=pdf
    Evening star. (Washington, D.C.), 26 Sept. 1961. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1961-09-26/ed-1/seq-3/
    https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/onucF.html
    Isaac Chotiner, "The Real Story Behind Patrice Lumumba’s Assassination," The New Yorker, October 30, 2023. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/11/06/the-lumumba-plot-the-secret-history-of-the-cia-and-a-cold-war-assassination-stuart-a-reid-book-review

    Jiwon Amy Yoo, "Moise Kapenda Tshombe," Blackpast.org, available at https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/tshombe-moise-kapenda-1919-1969/

  • A Haunting in Venice

    A Haunting in Venice

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to 1940s Venice with A Haunting in Venice! Join us as we learn about mad honey, When the Lights Go On Again, the liberation of Bergen-Belsen, Meet Me In St. Louis, and more!

    Sources:
    Gunduz, Abdülkadir;Şimşek, Perihan;Ayaz, Faik Ahmet, "Worldwide Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Mad Honey Poisoning Cases," Central European Journal of Public Health (March 2023)
    Niko Vorobyov, "What It's Like Tripping on Mad Honey, the Hallucinogen That is (Maybe) an Aphrodisiac," Salon, 2022, available at https://www.salon.com/2022/04/10/what-its-like-tripping-on-mad-honey-the-hallucinogen-that-maybe-is-an-aphrodisiac/
    Mad Honey, Atlas Obscura, available at https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/mad-honey-red-hallucinogen

    Imperial War Museum, Collection of Accounts: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-liberation-of-bergen-belsen

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_the_Lights_Go_On_Again
    The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.), 10 Nov. 1944. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014085/1944-11-10/ed-1/seq-12/
    The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.), 29 May 1943. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045324/1943-05-29/ed-1/seq-12/
    https://genius.com/Vera-lynn-when-the-lights-go-on-again-lyrics

    "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24508 MOVIES AT WAR
    Other title:Film Bulletin, no. 107 (1943)"
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis

    Matt Zoller Seitz, "A Haunting in Venice," https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-haunting-in-venice-movie-review-2023
    Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Haunting_in_Venice
    Justin Chang, "The big twist in 'A Haunting in Venice'? It's actually a great film," NPR, https://www.npr.org/2023/09/22/1201010896/a-haunting-in-venice-review-agatha-christie-hercule-poirot
    https://variety.com/2023/film/news/haunting-in-venice-producer-more-poirot-movies-tina-fey-1235726819/
    Todd Gilchrist, "'A Haunting in Venice' Review: Kenneth Branagh Brings a Supernatural Dimension to His Hercule Poirot Series," Variety (Sep. 9, 2023). https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/a-haunting-in-venice-review-kenneth-branagh-1235717211/

  • The Endless Trench

    The Endless Trench

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to 1930s-1950s Spain with The Endless Trench! Join us as we learn about Franco on the radio, attacks on hermitages during the Spanish Civil War, Eisenhower's visits to Spain, and more!

    Sources:

    Christy Lemire review, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saltburn-movie-review-2023
    Julius Ruiz, The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War: Revolutionary Violence in Madrid (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
    Julian Casanova, The Spanish Republic and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
    Raymond Carr, Spain: A History (Oxford University Press, 2000).

    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/toasts-the-president-and-general-francisco-franco-spain-state-dinner-madrid
    Exchange of Letters Between the President and the Chief of State, General Franco, of Spain, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/exchange-letters-between-the-president-and-the-chief-state-general-franco-spain
    https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/spain
    Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.), 21 Dec. 1959. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1959-12-21/ed-1/seq-6/

    Victory Speech Excerpt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMN6JhL1yGQ
    Salvador Gomez Garcia et al, "The Sound Portrait of a Dictator: A Study of Franco's Image in Radio Nacional de Espana," Media History 28, 2 (2022)

    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_endless_trench
    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Endless_Trench

    "Gendered Violence," Spanish Civil War Virtual Museum, available at https://www.vscw.ca/en/node/9#:~:text=The%20shaving%20of%20women's%20heads,Guards%20and%20other%20police%20forces .
    Laura Munoz-Enciar, "Unearthing Gendered Repression: An Analysis of Violence Suffered by Women During the Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship in Southwestern Spain," World Archaeology (2019)

  • Saltburn

    Saltburn

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to the long-ago days of 2006 with Saltburn! Join us as we reminisce about Juicy tracksuits, Jagerbombs, Livestrong wristbands, and other artifacts of our misspent youth.

    Sources:
    Christy Lemire review, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saltburn-movie-review-2023
    Nicholas Barber, "Saltburn film review: 'Lurid' comedy skewers Britain's super-rich," BBC 5 October 2023, https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20231005-saltburn-film-review-lurid-comedy-skewers-britains-super-rich
    David Rooney, "‘Saltburn’ Review: Barry Keoghan and Jacob Elordi in Emerald Fennell’s Fun but Derivative Take on Class Envy," The Hollywood Reporter 31 August 2023, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/saltburn-review-barry-keoghan-jacob-elordi-emerald-fennell-1235577882/
    Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltburn_(film)

    NHS Smoking Prevalence Statistics, 2006: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-smoking/statistics-on-smoking-england-2008#:~:text=Among%20adults%20aged%2016%20and,39%20per%20cent%20in%201980


    "The Heritage Tracksuit," https://juicycouture.co.uk/collections/the-heritage-tracksuit
    Sarah Lindig, "The Juicy Couture Tracksuit Is Now a Relic in a Museum," Bazaar, 15 November 2015, https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a12983/juicy-couture-track-suit-on-exhibit-at-london-museum/
    https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O110643/tracksuit-juicy-couture/
    Irene Anna Kim and Steve Cameron, "How Juicy Couture went from a million-dollar empire to the sale rack," Business Insider, 19 October 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/rise-and-fall-of-juicy-couture-tracksuits-2019-11?op=1

    Emily McCullar, "Making the Band: An Oral History of the Livestrong Bracelet," Texas Monthly July 2024. https://www.texasmonthly.com/style/livestrong-wristband-oral-history-twentieth-anniversary/

    Kevin Kos, "The Jagerbomb: No Longer Just a College Drink!" available at https://www.kevinkos.com/post/elevated-jager-bomb
    "Jagerbomb" Diffords Guide, available at https://www.diffordsguide.com/en-au/cocktails/recipe/3060/jagerbomb
    Jagerbomb, Google Ngram: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=J%C3%A4gerbomb&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoothing=3

  • The Holdovers

    The Holdovers

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to 1970 with a patron-requested episode on The Holdovers! Join us as we learn about The Newlywed Game, helicopters, Librium, race and class in the Vietnam War, the surprisingly heated controversies over men with long hair, and more!

    Sources:
    IMDB trivia page: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14849194/goofs/
    US Centennial Flight Commission, History of Private Helicopters: https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Rotary/Private_heli/HE15.htm
    Civil and Commercial Helicopter Use: https://www.century-of-flight.net/civil-and-commercial-helicopter-use/

    Leigh H. Edwards, "Reality TV and the American Family," The Tube Has Spoken: Reality TV and History (2010), 123-44. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcnkz.12
    "Fear of a Black Movement: Public Enemy's Chuck D Fights the Power Thirty Years Strong: A Dialogue with Alicia Virani," in Rebel Speak: A Justice Movement Mixtape (2022): 162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2ks6vsj.10
    Bryan Hardin Thrift, "Turning Off Turn-On: Helms as a TV Executive in the 1960s," Conservative Bias: How Jesse Helps Pioneered the Rise of Right-Wing Media and Realigned the Republican Party (University Press of Florida, 2014), 137-63. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1htq1.10
    https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/newlywed-game-the

    Ingrid Waldron, "Increased Prescribing of Valium, Librium, and Other Drugs--An Example of the Influence of Economic and Social Factors on the Practice of Medicine," International Journal of Health Services 7, no.1 (1977): 37-62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45129975
    "Tranquilizer Librium Best for Alcoholics," The Science News-Letter 87, no. 19 (1965): 303. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3948684
    HOFFER, A. “Lack of potentiation by chlordiazepoxide (Librium) of depression or excitation due to alcohol.” Canadian Medical Association journal vol. 87,17 (1962): 920-1.

    "Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Minorities in the Vietnam War: A Resource Guide," Library of Congress, https://guides.loc.gov/racial-ethnic-and-religious-minorities-in-the-vietnam-war
    "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics," Military Records, National Archives, https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics
    James Burk and Evelyn Espinoza, "Race Relations Within the US Military," Annual Review of Sociology 38 (2012): 401-22. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23254602
    Arnold Barnett, Timothy Stanley, and Michael Shore, "America's Vietnam Casualties: Victims of a Class War?" Operations Research 40, no.5 (1992): 856-66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/171812

    Seija Rankin, "Making of the Holdovers: Depressing S*** Can Still Feel Cozy," Hollywood Reporter, available at https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/making-of-the-holdovers-paul-giamatti-1235788162/
    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holdovers

    Andrew Robert Herrick, "A Hairy Predicament: The Problem with Long Hair in the 1960s and 1970s." Masters Thesis, 2006, available at https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1875&context=etd

  • Devil in a Blue Dress

    Devil in a Blue Dress

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to 1940s LA with Devil in a Blue Dress! Join us as we learn about Black homeownership in midcentury Los Angeles, Charlotta Bass and The Eagle, postwar jobs, and more!

    Sources:

    Kelly Simpson, "The Great Migration: Creating a New Black Identity in Los Angeles," PBS, available at https://www.pbssocal.org/history-society/the-great-migration-creating-a-new-black-identity-in-los-angeles
    Marques Augusta Vestal, "Black Housing Politics in 1940s South Los Angeles," MA Thesis, 2014, UCLA. Available at https://escholarship.org/content/qt1ns4f6z6/qt1ns4f6z6_noSplash_4f334160f70a9138a0db208ee1b4aa2c.pdf?t=nlk3x9#:~:text=Nearly%2040%20percent%20of%20blacks,than%20ten%20percent%20in%20Chicago.&text=Angeles%20newspaper%20the%20Liberator%2C%20Jefferson,greatest%20state%22%20for%20African%20Americans.
    Ryan Reft, "Segregation in the City of Angels: A 1939 Map of Housing Inequality in LA," PBS, available at https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/lost-la/segregation-in-the-city-of-angels-a-1939-map-of-housing-inequality-in-l-a
    Black Los Angeles: 1930-2020. ArcGIS StoryMap. Available at https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/dfd7cd4341a6493fa6cf38633333cece

    Los Angeles Sentinel, ProQuest Historical newspapers
    David L. Clark, "Los Angeles: Improbable Los Angeles," in Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth Since World War II, eds. Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice (University of Texas Press), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7560/775763.14
    Arthur C. Verge, "The Impact of the Second World War on Los Angeles," Pacific Historical Review 63, no.3 (1994): 289-314. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640968

    Regina Freer, "L.A. Race Woman: Charlotta Bass and the Complexities of Black Political Development in Los Angeles," American Quarterly 56, no.3 (2004): 607-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40068236
    Rodger Streitmatter, "Charlotta A. Bass: Radical Precursor of the Black Power Movement," Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History (University Press of Kentucky, 1994). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130jn0r.12
    Democracy Now! "Before Kamala Harris, There Was Charlotta Bass: Remembering First Black Woman to Run for VP in 1952," YouTube, https://youtu.be/Hlkw24ifqdk?si=0IlaNF9cVbKqEBEQ

    Julian Kimble, "Devil in a Blue Dress: Crossing the Line," The Criterion Collection, July 20, 2022, https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7873-devil-in-a-blue-dress-crossing-the-line
    Dan Kois, "The 1990s Denzel Mystery That Should've Launched a Franchise," Slate, https://slate.com/culture/2022/07/carl-franklin-interview-devil-in-a-blue-dress-and-denzel-washington.html
    Will Fancher, "The Untold Truth of Devil In A Blue Dress," Looper, August 6, 2022, https://www.looper.com/955040/the-untold-truth-of-devil-in-a-blue-dress/
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/devil-in-a-blue-dress-1995

  • The Northman

    The Northman

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we become Robert Eggers completists with an episode on The Northman! Join us as we learn about berserkers, slavery in the Viking era, textiles, and more!

    Sources:

    Ben Cartwright, "Making the cloth that binds us. The role of textile production in producing Viking-Age identities," in Viking Worlds: Things, Spaces, and Movement eds. Marianne Hem Eriksen, Unn Pedersen, Bernt Rundberget, Irmelin Axelsen, and Heidi Lund Berg (Oxbow Books), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dgwk.15
    Marie Louise Stig Sørensen, "Gender, Material Culture, and Identity in the Viking Diaspora," Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5 (2009): 253-69. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45019127
    Eva B. Andersson, "Tools, Textil Production and Society in Viking Age Birka," in Dressing the Past, eds. Margarita Gleba, Cherine Munkholt, and Marie-Louise Nosch (Oxbow Books). https://www.jstor.org/stbale/j.ctt1cfr7jb.13
    Eirnin Jefford Franks, "Gender in the Viking World," in The Norse Sorceress: Mind and Materiality in the Viking World, eds.LESZEK GARDEŁA, SOPHIE BØNDING, PETER PENTZ (Oxbow Books, 2023). https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.5699282.8

    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_northman
    Stephen Barker, "10 Behind the Scenes Facts About the Northman" Screen Rant, available at https://screenrant.com/the-northman-behind-the-scenes-facts/
    Gabriella Paiella, Interview with Robert Eggers, GQ, available at https://www.gq.com/story/robert-eggers-the-northman-interview

    Thomas K. Heeboll-Holm, "Piratical Slave Raiding: The Demise of a Viking Practice in High Medieval Denmark," Journal of Scandinavian History 46, 4 (2021)
    Ben Raffield, "The Slave Markets of the Viking World: Comparative Perspectives on an Invisible Archaeology," Slavery and Abolition 40, 4 (2019)
    Ruth Mazo Karras, "Concubinage and Slavery in the Viking Age," Scandinavian Studies 62, 2 (1990)

    H. David Brumble, "Berserks and the Tragedy of Warrior Individualism," Street-Gang and Tribal-Warrior Autobiographies (Anthem Press), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2272801.17
    Michael P. Speidel, "Berserks: A History of Indo-European "Mad Warriors"," Journal of World History 13, no.2 (2002): 253-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078974
    Anatoly Liberman, "Berserks in History and Legend," Russian History 32, no.3/4 (2005): 401-11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24663272
    Owen Rees, "Going berserk," Medieval Warfare 2, no.1 (2012): 23-6. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578628
    Erika Ruth Sigurdson, "Violence and Historical Authenticity: Rape (and Pillage) in Popular Viking Fiction," Scandinavian Studies 86, no.3 (2014): 249-67. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/scanstud.86.3.0249
    https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/lewis-chess-pieces/

  • Charlie Wilson's War

    Charlie Wilson's War

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to the 1980s with Charlie Wilson's War! Join us as we learn about the horrific things people used to do with safety pins, Soviet ambitions in the Persian Gulf, Gust Avrokotos, refugees from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and more!

    Sources:

    "Advertisement: Maybelline." Seventeen, 07, 1982, 18-19
    "Mascara Magic." Seventeen, 05, 1981
    "Advertisement: Maybelline." Cosmopolitan, 11, 1978, 117
    "Dear Beauty Editor." Seventeen, 02, 1978, 10

    The Wilson Center Digital Archive, Sources available at https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/topics/soviet-invasion-afghanistan
    The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, PBS Newshour: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-july-dec06-soviet_10-10
    Francis Fukuyama, "The Soviet Threat to the Persian Gulf" Rand Corporation, 1981, available at https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P6596.pdf'

    Jonathon Green, "slang," The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets (Oxford University Press, 2015)
    "cake eater," Oxford English Dictionary (2020).
    Ngram Google Books

    Tazreena Sajjad, "Analysis: Where do Afghanistan's refugees go?" PBS News Hour (24 August 2021). https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/analysis-where-do-afghanistans-refugees-go
    "Afghanistan's refugees: forty years of dispossession," Amnesty International (20 June 2019), https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/afghanistan-refugees-forty-years/
    "Afghan Migration After the Soviet Invasion," NatGeo, https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/file/afghan_MIG.pdf
    Meindersma, Christa. "Afghanistan." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 2009).
    “The MacNeil/Lehrer Report; Interview with Perez de Cuellar,” 1982-02-18, NewsHour Productions, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed April 25, 2024, http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-xk84j0c044
    Amina Khan, "Protracted Afghan Refugee Situation," Strategic Studies 37, no.1 (2017): 42-65.
    Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, "Impact of the Afghan War on Pakistan," Pakistan Horizon 41, no.1 (1988): 23-45.

    Patricia Sullivan, "CIA Agent Gust Avrokotos Dies at 67," Washington Post, available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/12/25/cia-agent-gust-l-avrakotos-dies-at-age-67/22a47f22-6594-4b9d-a90a-6f7914aa909a/

    Roger Ebert, "Evil Empire falls victim to clout," 20 December 2007, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/charlie-wilsons-war-2007
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Wilson%27s_War_(film)
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/charlie-wilsons-war-2-159301/

  • If Beale Street Could Talk

    If Beale Street Could Talk

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're going back to the 1970s with If Beale Street Could Talk! Join us as we learn about the Rockefeller Drug Laws, New York jails, the term "Holy Roller", and more!

    Source
    Brian Mann, "The Drug Laws That Changed How We Punished," NPR, available at https://www.npr.org/2013/02/14/171822608/the-drug-laws-that-changed-how-we-punish

    Fodei Batty, "How to Understand the Complicated History of 'Go Back to Africa'" Washington Post, available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/04/26/is-go-back-to-africa-always-an-insult-heres-a-brief-history-of-american-back-to-africa-movements/
    African Americans in Ghana, Khan Academy: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-origins/era-7-the-great-convergence-and-divergence-1880-ce-to-the-future/x23c41635548726c4:other-materials-origins-era-7/a/connecting-decolonization-in-africa-and-the-us-civil-rights-movement#:~:text=The%20desire%20to%20repatriate%E2%80%94to,building%20their%20new%20nation%2Dstate.

    Heather Ann Thompson, "How a Series of Jail Rebellions Rocked New York--and Woke a City," The Nation, 21 March 2019 https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/new-york-jail-rebellion-1970-tombs-mdc/
    Daniel Chasin, "Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: How New York's Bail Reform Saga Tiptoes around Addressing Economic Inequality," Cardozo Law Review 43, no. 1 (October 2021): 273-312
    Aleza Van Brunt and Locke E. Bowman, "Toward a Just Model of Pretrial Release: A History of Bail Reform and a Prescription for What's Next," The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 108, no.4 (2018): 701-774. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48572970
    https://www.uscourts.gov/services-forms/probation-and-pretrial-services/supervision/pretrial-risk-assessment/pretrial-release
    https://www.prisonpolicy.org/research/pretrial_detention/
    https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/jails2024_table3.html
    https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/incomejails.html

    Ngram: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%22holy+roller%22&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoothing=3
    Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “Holy Roller (n.),” March 2024.

    Gregg Kilday, "Making of 'If Beale Street Could Talk': How 'Moonlight' Oscar Winner Barry Jenkins Brought James Baldwin's 1974 Novel to the Big Screen," Hollywood REporter, available at https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/a-look-making-beale-street-could-talk-1160625/'
    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/if_beale_street_could_talk/reviews
    Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_Beale_Street_Could_Talk_(film)

  • Amsterdam

    Amsterdam

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to the 1930s with Amsterdam! Join us as we learn about Smedley Butler, birding, the Harlem Hellfighters, that story about Mussolini running a kid over with a car, and more!

    Sources:
    The Press: Vanderbilt Truth (1931) available at https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,930365,00.html
    Pete Vack, "A Mussolini Alfa Romeo Mystery," available at https://velocetoday.com/a-mussolini-mystery/
    Smedley Butler Mussolini 1931, WWII Editorial Cartoon Project, available at https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/ww2/1931-2/

    Jonathan M. Katz, Gangsters of Capitalism: Smedley Butler, the Marines, and the Making and Breaking of America's Empire (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2021), 304-334.
    Dietrich, Christopher R. W., ed. Diplomacy and Capitalism: The Political Economy of U.S. Foreign Relations. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1sjwpfz.
    Erick Trickey, "One Hundred Years Ago, the Harlem Hellfighters Bravely Led the U.S. Into WWI," Smithsonian Magazine (14 May 2018), https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/one-hundred-years-ago-harlem-hellfighters-bravely-led-us-wwi-180968977/
    "Remembering the Harlem Hellfighters," National Museum of African-American History and Culture

    Stephen Barker, "Amsterdam: 10 Behind the Scenes Facts About the Star-Studded Movie," Screen Rant, available at https://screenrant.com/amsterdam-behind-the-scenes-facts-star-studded-movie/
    Amsterdam, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_(2022_film)
    Christy Lemire review, Rogerebert.com: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/amsterdam-movie-review-2022

    Tim Birkhead, "How Bird-Collecting Evolved into Bird-Watching," Smithsonian Magazine, available at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-bird-collecting-evolved-into-bird-watching-180980506/

  • Society of the Snow

    Society of the Snow

    · Did That Really Happen?

    *NOTE: Due to a technical mishap, we had some problems with Jamie's audio on this one. We apologize for the sound quality issues.

    Content Warning: This episode features discussion of cannibalism and other disturbing content.

    This week we're traveling back to 1970s Uruguay with Society of the Snow! Join us as we learn about Numa Turcatti, the photos taken on the mountain, student protests, radios, the Strauch cousins, and more!

    Sources:

    Drew Weisholtz, "What Happened to Numa Turcatti, Narrator of Society of the Snow?" Today, available at https://www.today.com/popculture/movies/society-of-the-snow-numa-turcatti-narrator-rcna133613
    Amanda Rodriguez and Jeronimo Pineda, "Society of the Snow: The Spirit of Numa Turcatti and the Soccer Team Named After Him," El Pais, available at https://english.elpais.com/sports/2024-01-22/society-of-the-snow-the-spirit-of-numa-turcatti-and-the-soccer-team-named-after-him.html

    Eduardo Strauch and Mireya Soriano, "Returning to the scene of the crash: A survivor of the Uruguayan rugby team plane crash reflects," Salon, (2019) https://www.salon.com/2019/06/15/returning-to-the-scene-of-the-crash-a-survivor-of-the-uruguayan-rugby-team-plane-crash-reflects/
    Matt J. Rossano, Mortal Rituals: What the Story of the Andes Survivors Tells Us About Human Evolution (Columbia University Press, 2013).
    Blair Braverman and Sarah Marshall, "Flight 571: Survival in the Andes with Blair Braverman," You're Wrong About podcast (31 October 2022).
    Charles A. Krause, "After the Andes," The Washington Post (4 November 1978), https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/11/05/after-the-andes/962054ad-fde2-4c87-9e6d-c656fee2dc49/
    https://www.backpacker.com/trips/alive-again-new-findings-in-the-1972-andes-plane-crash/
    https://www.history.com/news/miracle-andes-disaster-survival
    https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/1972-andes-plane-crash-story-photos/
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/04/nando-parrado-andes-plane-crash-1972-rugby-team
    Emilio Mayorga and John Hopewell, Variety (2022), https://variety.com/2022/film/global/netflix-bayona-society-of-the-snow-1235253671/
    Society of the Snow: Who Were We on the Mountain (Netflix, 2024)
    RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/society_of_the_snow
    Sheila O'Malley, "Society of the Snow," Roger Ebert (5 January 2024), https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/society-of-the-snow-2024
    Peter Bradshaw, "Society of the Snow review- cannibalism in the ice in incredible real-life survival tale," The Guardian (19 December 2023), https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/dec/19/society-of-the-snow-review-cannibalism-in-the-ice-in-incredible-real-life-survival-tale
    The Tupamaros: https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/uruguay/tupamaros-uruguay.htm

  • El Conde

    El Conde

    · Did That Really Happen?

    Today we're traveling to early 2000s Chile (but also 18th century France, and some other times, too) with vampire-themed political satire El Conde! Join us as we learn about Lucia Hiriart, Augusto Pinochet's shady money dealings, that time he got arrested in London, and more!

    Sources:

    John Bartlett, "Widow of Chilean Dictator Augusto Pinochet Dies at 99," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/16/lucia-hiriart-widow-chilean-dictator-augusto-pinchocet-dies-age-99
    Eva Vergara, "Lucia Hiriart, Widow of Chilean Dictator Pinochet, Dies at 99." Washington Post, Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2021/12/17/pinochet-widow-hiriart-dead/

    Andres Oppenheimer, "Ex-Dictator Had Millions in U.S. Bank," (2004). https://archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/ex-dictator-had-millions-us-bank
    Hector Tobar and, Eva Vergara. "The World; New Evidence Shatters Chileans' Image of a Frugal Pinochet: [HOME EDITION]." Los Angeles Times, Aug 02, 2004.
    O'Brien, Timothy,L. "At Riggs Bank, A Tangled Path Led to Scandal." New York Times (1923-), Jul 19, 2004.
    TIMOTHY L O'BRIEN and,LARRY ROHTER. "U.S. and Others Gave Millions to Pinochet." New York Times, Dec 07, 2004, Late Edition (East Coast).
    TIMOTHY L O'BRIEN and,LARRY ROHTER. "The Pinochet Money Trail." New York Times, Dec 12, 2004, Late Edition (East Coast).
    Minder, Raphael. "Spain Reopens Pinochet Inquiry into Tax Evasion and Laundering: [Foreign Desk]." New York Times, Jul 31, 2021, Late Edition (East Coast).
    Robinson, Eugene. "Thief of State: [FINAL Edition]." The Washington Post, Dec 12, 2006.
    https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6606013
    RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/el_conde
    Jessica Kiang, "'El Conde' Review: Pablo Larraín’s Bizarro-World Reckoning With Pinochet’s Bloodthirsty Legacy," Variety, https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/el-conde-review-pablo-larrain-the-count-1235708790/
    Drew Gillis, "El Conde review: Dictators suck in Pablo Larraín's vampiric satire," AV Club, https://www.avclub.com/el-conde-review-pablo-larrain-1850832103
    Carlos Aguilar, "El Conde," https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/el-conde-movie-review-2023
    Variety, "'El Conde' Cinematographer Breaks Down the Flying Vampire Nun Sequence Using a 90-Foot Crane & Wires," https://youtu.be/bUBbN_xWnCE?si=LRZrkhtwn1zCBhcE

    Veronica Diaz-Cerda, "General Pinochet's Arrest: 20 Years On, Here's How It Changed Global Justice," The Conversation, available at https://theconversation.com/general-pinochet-arrest-20-years-on-heres-how-it-changed-global-justice-104806
    """Pinochet Arrested in London,"" The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/1998/oct/18/pinochet.chile"

  • Killers of the Flower Moon

    Killers of the Flower Moon

    · Did That Really Happen?

    This week we're traveling back to the 1920s with Killers of the Flower Moon! Join us as we learn about William "King" Hale, Mollie Burkhardt, FBI Agent Tom White, and more!

    Sources:

    David Grann, Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI. Doubleday, 2017

    https://ualr.edu/sequoyah/thisday/hale-given-life-sentence-february-1-1929/
    FBI Vault: https://vault.fbi.gov/Osage%20Indian%20Murders
    https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/osage-murders-case
    https://www.npr.org/2018/04/06/600136534/largely-forgotten-osage-murders-reveal-a-conspiracy-against-wealthy-native-ameri
    Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.), 16 Jan. 1957. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1957-01-16/ed-1/seq-28/
    "Review: FAILED PROTECTORS: THE INDIAN TRUST AND ""KILLERS OF THE FLOWER MOON""
    Reviewed Work: Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI by David Grann
    Review by: Matthew L.M. Fletcher
    Michigan Law Review, Vol. 117, No. 6, 2019 SURVEY OF BOOKS RELATED TO THE LAW (April 2019), pp. 1253-1269 (17 pages)

    https://www.jstor.org/stable/45135202 "
    Donald Fixico, "The Osage Murders and Oil," The Invasion of Indian Country in the Twentieth Century: American Capitalism and Tribal Natural Resources 2nd edition (University Press of Colorado, 2012), 27-54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nvt7.7
    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/osage-murders-photos-killers-of-flower-moon
    https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/white-thomas-bruce and https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/federal-correctional-institution
    https://www.fbi.gov/news/podcasts/inside-the-fbi-the-osage-murders
    https://voicesofoklahoma.com/interviews/conner-joe-carol/
    https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=OS005
    https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a45547775/what-happened-to-everyone-in-killers-of-the-flower-moon-after-the-film-ends/
    Kirsten Chuba, "Osage Consultant Admits to Complicated Feelings over Killers of the Flower Moon," Hollywood Reporter, available at https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/killers-of-the-flower-moon-osage-consultant-mixed-feelings-1235620231/
    Richard Brody, "Martin Scorsese on Making Killers of the Flower Moon," The New Yorker, available at https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/martin-scorsese-on-making-killers-of-the-flower-moon

  • Rustin

    Rustin

    · Did That Really Happen?

    We're back with 2024's first episode on Rustin! Join us as we learn about the speeches delivered at the March on Washington, Strom Thurmond's attacks on Bayard Rustin, Dr. Anna Hedgeman, the Bonus Army, and more!

    Sources:


    Emma Rothberg, "Anna Arnold Hedgeman," National Women's History Museum, available at https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/anna-arnold-hedgeman

    GPO, Congressional Record, 1963, Part 11, Page 14836. Full text available at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1963-pt11/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1963-pt11-7-2.pdf

    March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom Organizing Manual No. 2 (1963), https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.31888236

    John Lewis: https://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/lewis-speech-at-the-march-on-washington-speech-text/
    A. Philip Randolph: https://theblackfreedommovement.voices.wooster.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/131/2018/02/A.-Philip-Randolphs-1963-March-on-Washington-speech.pdf
    "March on Washington History by NMAAHC," https://youtu.be/ZA9TJCV-tks?si=3aiw9BgzmLDRsXsk including B. Rustin speaking

    "The March of the Bonus Army," American Experience, PBS, https://youtu.be/mSC1lbfXfRQ?si=g9weuwd7x1_yuH0j

    Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rustin_2023
    Autostraddle review: https://www.autostraddle.com/rustin-review/

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