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Robert Lerman is a research fellow at the Urban Institute and the co-founder of Apprenticeships for America, where he is dedicated to expanding opportunities for lifelong learning and ensuring that apprenticeships are a cornerstone of Americaâs educational landscape. Through his prolific research and advocacy, we examine the role of apprenticeships in our economy, successful policy examples in Europe, and the impact of AI and technological changes.
Mentioned in the episode:
Apprenticeships for America
Skills-Based Hiring
National Apprenticeship Resource Hub
The Harold W. McGraw, Jr. 2024 Prize in Education
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Stuart Andreason is the Executive Director of Programs at the Burning Glass Institute where he leads efforts in research and engagement on workforce innovation, higher education, and economic mobility. Through his personal experience and his work in skills-based hiring, we look at vocation in career, skills signals, and role of technology in the hiring process.
Mentioned in the episode:
Burning Glass Institute
Skills-Based Hiring: The Long Road from Pronouncements to Practice
How Advanced Data Systems Can Do More to Drive Economic Mobility
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Fehlende Folgen?
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Kerry McKittrick, in her work as co-director of The Project on Workforce at Harvard, looks into different aspects of the relationship between workforce development and careers. In this episode of Hardly Working, we dive into three different reports that McKittrick has authored recently.
Mentioned in the episode:
The College-to-Jobs Initiative: Exploring the intersection of higher education and the workforce
College-to-Jobs Map
Unlocking Economic Prosperity: Career Navigation in a Time of Rapid Change
Workforce Strategies for New Industrial Policies: Governorsâ Emerging Solutions
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This week on Hardly Working, Brent Orrell talks with David Hernandez, Vice President of Education at IPC, the Global Association for Electronics Manufacturing.
Brent and David discuss domestic electronics manufacturing, workforce education and training, and the global supply chain.
Mentioned During the Show:
IPC International, Inc.
The CHIPS and Science Act
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On July 22, Brent Orrell from AEI and Tony Pipa from Brookings hosted a discussion about Casa Grande Valley Farms, an agricultural cooperative from the New Deal era that faced challenges and eventually failed. AEI's Kevin R. Kosar, who has republished a book on the project, joined the conversation to discuss the lessons this historical case offers for modern federal rural economic development, especially in the context of recent legislative investments like the CHIPS and Science Act.
Mentioned in the episode:
Tony Pipa (Brookings)
Kevin R. Kosar (AEI)
Casa Grande Valley Farms
The Government Project by Edward C. Banfield
Cooperative model
The Great Depression
CHIPS and Science Act
No Child Left Behind
USAID
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Russ Roberts, President of Shalem College in Jerusalem and host of the Econtalk podcast, discusses his book, âWild Problems: A Guide to the Decisions That Define Us. The book discusses Robertâs approach to problems that canât be solved with normal economics analysis. In this episode, Brent and Russ also discuss the influences Russ had growing up and the advice he has for young people today.
Mentioned in the Episode
Wild Problems by Russ Roberts
Shalem College in Jerusalem
Itâs a Wonderful Loaf Poem
Keynes vs. Hayek Rap Battle
The Price of Everything by Russ Roberts
Maslowâs Hierarchy of Needs
Kentucky Community College Using AI to Train Peer Support Specialists
F.A. Hayek
Milton Friedman
Deirdre McCloskey
Gary Becker
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On July 8, AEIâs Brent Orrell hosted the fifth event in the âOn the Front Porchâ series with the Brookings Institutionâs Tony Pipa featuring Stanford University Professor Keith Humphreys and AEIâs Sally Satel, two experts in opioid treatment and the societal effects of drug abuse in rural areas. They discuss the factors that led to the opioid crisis and the challenges in resolving it.
Mentioned in the Episode
Tony Pipa (Brookings)
Keith Humphreys (Stanford)
Sally Satel (AEI)
Pavlovian conditioning
Origins of the Opioid Crisis and its Enduring Impacts by Abby Alpert et. al
Death in Mud Lick Book by Eric Eyre
Dr. Art Van Zee
Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism by Anne Case and Angus Deaton
Golden Leaf Foundation
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This week on Hardly Working, Brent Orrell talks with AEI Senior Fellow Brad Wilcox. Wilcoxâs recent book Get Married: Why Americans Should Defy the Elites, Forge Strong Families and Save Civilization explores the importance of marriage in society. Brent and Wilcox discuss how marriage promotes healthy families and why declines in marriage rates are so alarming. They also touch on how marriage and family structure impact the workforce and explore the particular challenges facing young men, such as family instability and low workforce participation.
Mentioned in this episode
Richard Reeves
Raj Chetty
Growing Up With a Single Parent
Nicholas Eberstadt
Fatherless America
Richard Hanania
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
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Americans are grappling with the complexities of economic growth, technology, and their impacts on society. This week, Brent talks with Oxford University economist Daniel Susskind, who explores these themes in his latest book Growth: A Reckoning. Together, Brent and Susskind discuss the historical context of growth, the role of technological advancements, and Susskindâs views on the need for policies that better align economic incentives with social values.
Mentioned in this Episode
Tax treatment of labor versus capital
John Maynard Keynes
Simon Kuznets
The Stern Review
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Americansâ views on the economy have soured in recent years, often seemingly disconnected with the realities of work and growth in incomes. One particularly pernicious meme, found on both the left and the right, is that economic growth has not translated into higher wages for American workers. This week on Hardly Working, Brent sits down with Scott Winship, who dispels this myth in his recent report, âUnderstanding Trends in Worker Pay over the Past 50 Years.â Brent and Scott discuss the changing dynamics of the economy, the shifting demand for skills, and how we can expand opportunity within the worldâs largest and most dynamic economy.
Mentioned in this Episode
Nixon Shock
Wagner Act
Of Boys and Men
Kevin Corinth
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In a world where the traditional boundaries of work are being redrawn, the interplay between work and personal satisfaction, a sense of purpose, and meaning is rapidly evolving. This week on Hardly Working, Brent sits down with John Tamny, editor of RealClearMarkets and president of the Parkview Institute. They discuss Tamnyâs 2018 book The End of Work: Why Your Passion Can Become Your Job, which envisions a world where material abundance frees all of us up to pursue our passions at work.
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Contemporary differences between rural and urban areas in America have their roots in long-term demographic, economic, technological, and social factors. Brent and the Brookings Institutionâs Tony Pipa are hosting conversations âOn the Front Porchâ with authors of recent research on issues facing rural America. These discussions explore the unique challenges and opportunities facing rural America and consider policy options to promote development and opportunity.
Today, we bring you a recent conversation with economist Carol Graham. Grahamâs recent book The Power of Hope: How the Science of Well-Being Can Save Us from Despair discusses the role that hope plays in supporting the development of individuals and communities in America.
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As technology marches on, what kind of world are we moving towards? According to AEI senior fellow Jim Pethokoukis, itâs an abundant and prosperous one, at least potentially. So long as we play our cards rightâand embrace what he calls an âUpWingâ technology and growth policies we will reap the benefits of what many find to be destabilizing, disorienting change.
This week on Hardly Working, Brent speaks with Pethokoukis about his book The Conservative Futurist: How to Create the Sci-Fi World We Were Promised and how we can best manage the steps toward the UpWing future.
Mentioned in this episode
The Third Century: America's Resurgence in the Asian Era
Nouriel Roubini
For All Mankind
Faster, Please!
Extrapolations
Derek Thompson
Ezra Klein
Lost in Space
The Martian
Interstellar
Prophet of Innovation
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In a world of specialists, generalists sometimes seem like people without a country. That may be changing. In an age of specializedâand increasingly powerfulâ AI tools, going broad rather than narrow may increasingly be valuable. Today on Hardly Working, Vikram Mansharamani returns to the podcast to discuss his personal and professional journey as a self-described generalist. His recent memoir The Making of a Generalist narrates his journey from a kid curious about everything to one of the nationâs most sought-after thinkers and advisors on questions of calling and career. We hope you enjoy this conversation.
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Divides between rural and urban America have their roots in longstanding demographic, economic, technological, and social factors. In a new event series, AEIâs Brent Orrell and the Brookings Institutionâs Tony Pipa are hosting a series of conversations âOn the Front Porchâ with authors of recent research on issues facing rural America.
These discussions explore the unique challenges and opportunities facing rural America and consider policy options to promote development and opportunity. Today on Hardly Working, we bring you the first of these events, a conversation with Nicholas F. Jacobs, the author of the recent book The Rural Voter: The Politics of Place and the Disuniting of America, which examines the state of politics in rural America.
Orrell, Pipa, and Jacobs consider the bookâs central claim that rural Americans have in recent years combined a deep sense of connection to place with increasingly nationalized policy and political concerns to form a distinct voting bloc. They also discuss the history of rural America; the social, cultural, and economic forces that have affected it in recent years; and the popular notion of a stark rural-urban divide. Overall, they emphasize the importance of dispelling myths about rural America to overcome distrust and disunity.
Mentioned in this Episode
Reimagining Rural Policy Initiative
General Social Survey
Omaha Platform of 1892
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance
Federalism
American Exchange Project
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In recent years, confidence in higher education has plummeted. This decline has prompted a vigorous debate on the role of all types of post-secondary education.
In their recent book Americaâs Hidden Economic Engines: How Community Colleges Can Drive Shared Prosperity, Robert B. Schwartz and Rachel Lipson make the case for the value of community colleges. Surveying five case studies across the USâin Ohio, Virginia, Arizona, Texas, and Mississippiâthey argue that community colleges serve as âenginesâ of social mobility for individuals and communities. Their research shows that community colleges have proven remarkably effective at mitigating economic inequality and promoting social engagement and economic development.
Today, Brent sits down with Lipson and Schwartz to discuss what their research means for students and policymakers.
Mentioned in this episode
Year Up
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
Pathways to Prosperity Network
Lorain County Community College
Pima Community College
Lightcast
The Coleman Report
Raj Chetty
Opportunity Insights
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As artificial intelligence (AI) bounds ahead, many are rightfully concerned about the risks and ethical issues it raises. Perhaps some of the most practical of these is the potential that AI will be biased against minority populations because of deficiencies in the data used to build it. If true, this would have serious implications for human resources and hiring.
Today, Brent sits down with Keith Sonderling, a commissioner on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC. Sonderling delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of AI into the workplace, particularly in hiring and employment decisions. And he emphasizes the complexity of AI and the difficulty â yet necessity â of regulating it so that it can benefit everyone.
We hope you enjoy this conversation.
Mentioned in this Episode
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Fair Labor Standards Act
Family Medical Leave Act
Goldman Sachs on AIâs Impact on the Labor Market
World Economic Forum on AIâs Impact on the Labor Market
New York Local Law 144
European Union AI Act
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
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Many urban Americans have come to believe that thereâs a growing chasm separating urban and rural America. While urban America bounds ahead, rural America, many assume, is being left behind, struggling with material and spiritual impoverishment, and cultural confusion.
This week on Hardly Working, Brent talks with University of Southern California professor Elizabeth Currid-Halkett, who dispels some of the myths about the so-called urban-rural divide. Currid-Halkett and Brent discuss her fantastic book The Overlooked Americans: The Resilience of Our Rural Towns and What it Means For Our Country, which Brent reviewed for the Dispatch in September. As youâll hear, rural America is doing a lot better than you might think.
Mentioned in this episode
Jane Jacobs
University of Chicago General Social Survey
Raj Chetty
Posse Foundation
American Exchange Project
Times/Siena Poll on Trump's advantage in battleground states
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Regrettably, the debate about post-secondary education has devolved into just another culture war issue with one camp saying âeveryone go to collegeâ and another saying âskip college learn a trade.â
Today, Brent sits down with Ben Wildavsky, a visiting scholar at the University of Virginiaâs School of Education and Human Development, who challenges this false dichotomy. In his recent book âThe Career Arts,â Wildavsky argues that education, job, and career success require integrating broad-based skills (such as those acquired through a liberal arts and social science education) with more narrow, technical skills (such as those acquired through credential programs). Such integration, Wildavsky contends, supports well-rounded and resilient workers who can more easily adapt to an unpredictable and rapidly changing economy.
Mentioned in this Episode
Strada Education Foundation
College wage premium
Larry Katz
Tony Carnevale
Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce
Project Basta
Climb Higher
Western Governors University
Point Loma Nazarene University
Seth Bodnar, president, University of Montana
Society for Human Research Management
Skills-based hiring
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at breakneck speed. Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), leads research on how this technology is reshaping business, the economy, and society more broadly. According to MGI, the next wave of AI-generated productivity improvements will send shockwaves through the labor market as it reachesâand surpassesâhuman-level ability across a wide range of skills but ultimately make the entire world wealthier and healthier. We hope you enjoy this conversation.
Mentioned in this Episode
McKinsey Global Institute (MGI)
MGI report: The Economic Potential of Generative AI
Accenture report: Strategy at the Pace of Technology
Study on AI's capacity for theory of mind
John Maynard Keynes
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