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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 135
*Could Uranus Moon Miranda Have a Subsurface Ocean?
A new study suggests that Uranus' moon Miranda may harbour a liquid water ocean beneath its peculiar jigsaw-like surface. The findings, published in the Planetary Science Journal, challenge existing assumptions about Miranda's history and composition, potentially placing it among the select few worlds in our solar system with environments that could support life. The study highlights the intriguing possibility of a vast ocean beneath Miranda's icy crust, kept warm by gravitational tidal forces.
*NASA Discovers Weird Red Rocks with Green Spots on Mars
NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover has stumbled upon strange red rocks with green spots on the Martian surface. As the rover continues its journey towards the rim of Jezero Crater, it has uncovered a new geological puzzle featuring red and green rocks. Scientists are intrigued by the green spots, which could suggest past water activity, but their exact composition remains a mystery due to the rover's current limitations.
*First Humans on Mars by 2035?
NASA is planning to send humans to Mars as early as 2035. The mission would be part of the Artemis programme, with a journey that could take up to 14 months, including a 500-day stay on the Martian surface. This ambitious plan hinges on the successful deployment of the Lunar Gateway Space Station and other key technologies.
The Science Report
New research finds that children exposed to cannabis in the womb are more likely to exhibit behavioural issues. Meanwhile, ancient DNA studies reveal two genetically distinct populations north and south of the Caucasus Mountains, and a study links Airbnbs to increased crime rates. Plus, a fact-based conversation with AI might help some conspiracy theorists reconsider their beliefs.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 134
*Perseverance's Uphill Struggle in Jezero Crater
NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover faces challenges as it attempts to climb the steep and slippery ridgeline of Jezero Crater. Despite its previous experience with steep inclines, this mission marks the first time the rover has tackled such a challenging combination of slope and surface. Engineers are exploring new strategies, including driving backwards and zigzagging, to improve traction. The goal is to reach the crater's rim for valuable scientific exploration, with plans to study potential microbial life signs preserved in ancient rock layers.
*ESA's Ramses Mission to Apophis
The European Space Agency is preparing for its Ramses mission to study the asteroid Apophis as it makes a close flyby of Earth in 2029. This rare event offers a unique opportunity to understand Apophis's composition and reaction to gravitational forces, crucial for future planetary defence strategies. The mission is modelled on the HERA spacecraft, and aims to launch by 2028 to reach Apophis in time.
*Shenzhou 19 Docks with China's Space Station
China's Shenzhou 19 spacecraft has successfully docked with the Tiangong Space Station. The crew will conduct experiments, including tests on manufacturing lunar bricks, as part of China's goal to land taikonauts on the Moon by 2030. The mission highlights China's expanding space ambitions and technological advancements.
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Fehlende Folgen?
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 133
*Earth's Mantle: Two Distinct Domains Revealed
Groundbreaking research has unveiled that the Earth's mantle is composed of two distinct and separate types of materials, forming independent African and Pacific domains. This discovery, published in Nature Geoscience, challenges previous assumptions of a chemically uniform mantle. The study highlights how these domains have been shaped by the formation and breakup of supercontinents over the past 700 million years, revealing the Earth has two chemically distinct hemispheres.
*China's Ambitious Lunar Plans
China is accelerating its space ambitions, aiming to send its first taikonauts to the moon by 2030. The China Manned Space Agency plans to use its new Long March 10 rocket to transport taikonauts and a lunar lander to the moon's surface. This mission marks a significant step in China's lunar exploration, with plans to establish a joint base with Russia on the lunar surface by the early 2030s.
*NASA's SpaceX Crew 8 Returns to Earth
After a seven-month mission aboard the International Space Station, NASA's SpaceX Crew 8 has safely returned to Earth. During their mission, the crew conducted over 200 scientific investigations, including studies on space-based manufacturing, gene editing in Space environments, and plant growth in high radiation settings. These experiments aim to advance our understanding of long-duration Space missions and their potential applications.
The Science Report
Australia's climate continues to change with more extreme heat events and extended fire seasons. The latest State of the Climate Report highlights ongoing shifts in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and increasing temperatures. Meanwhile, a new study suggests vitamin K2 could help reduce night-time leg cramps, and the Australian Defence Force receives new Black Hawk helicopters amidst regional tensions.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 132
*Could Betelgeuse Actually Be Two Stars?
A new study raises the intriguing possibility that the red supergiant Betelgeuse may not be on the brink of supernova, as previously thought. Instead, it might be a binary star system. This revelation, reported in the Astrophysical Journal, suggests that an unseen companion star could be causing Betelgeuse's pulsing brightness, challenging the long-held belief of its impending explosion.
*Richard Branson to Co-Pilot Space Perspective's First Manned Balloon Flight
Virgin Group founder Richard Branson is set to co-pilot Space Perspective's first manned stratospheric balloon flight. The flight promises a gentle ascent to 100,000 feet, offering panoramic views of Earth without the high G-forces of traditional Space tourism, marking a new era in high-altitude experiences.
*Australia's Ambitious Spaceport Plans
Despite not launching an orbital mission in over 50 years, Australia is gearing up to expand its spaceport capabilities. Proposals for new spaceports in Western Australia and Queensland are on the table, aiming to position Australia as a key player in the global Space industry.
Skywatch: November Night Skies
Explore the November night skies with highlights including the Andromeda Galaxy, the Crab Nebula, and three meteor showers. Discover the celestial wonders visible this month and the fascinating stories behind them.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 131
*Ultra High Energy Gamma Rays Detected in the Milky Way's Core
Scientists have detected ultra high energy gamma rays emanating from the centre of the Milky Way. This discovery, reported in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, offers a new perspective on the violent phenomena occurring in the galactic core. Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory in Mexico, researchers measured these gamma rays at over 100 tera electron volts, providing insights into the cosmic processes involving Sagittarius A, the galaxy's central supermassive black hole.
*Discovery of a Potential Triple Black Hole System
Astronomers have identified what may be the first triple black hole system, located 8,000 light years away. This discovery could be the first direct evidence of gentle black hole formation, challenging the typical violent supernova origin theory. The system includes a central black hole, a closely orbiting star, and a far-off companion star, suggesting a more subtle formation process known as direct collapse.
*NASA's New Deployable Solar Array System Faces Challenges
NASA has encountered issues with its new deployable solar array and antenna system on the Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator 4 spacecraft. The lightweight integrated solar array and antenna system, designed to enhance power and communication capabilities, is not deploying correctly due to a bent boom. This technology aims to support future deep Space missions with improved efficiency.
The Science Robert
A recent study reveals that standing, as opposed to sitting, does not improve cardiovascular health, despite the popularity of standing desks. Fossilised remains of a new giant elephant species have been found in India's Kashmir Valley, shedding light on elephant evolution. AI-assisted colonoscopies show a slight improvement in polyp detection. Meanwhile, Apple releases its first AI update, focusing on privacy and user data protection.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 130
*Epoch of Reionization: New Insights from Webb
A groundbreaking study suggests the epoch of reionization, a pivotal era in the universe's early evolution, may have occurred 350 million years earlier than previously believed. Utilising data from the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have uncovered a greater abundance of extreme ultraviolet emitting galaxies, challenging established models. This revelation might imply that the cosmic microwave background radiation and the Lyman alpha forest should appear different, posing a conundrum for scientists and opening new avenues for understanding the universe's history.
*NASA's DaVinci Mission Prepares for Venus
NASA's upcoming DaVinci mission aims to explore Venus's enigmatic Alpha Regio, a mountainous region shrouded in mystery. The mission, set for the early 2030s, will delve into whether Venus once harboured oceans and continents, akin to Earth. By reanalysing old data and employing modern techniques, scientists have enhanced the resolution of Venus's topography, offering fresh insights into its geological features and potential volcanic activity. DaVinci's descent probe will capture unprecedented high-resolution images, potentially revealing new details about Venus's surface.
*China's First Reusable Satellite Test
China has successfully tested its first reusable satellite, the SHY119, launched aboard a Long March 2D rocket. Recovered after 13.5 days, the mission included various payloads, such as plant seeds and technology demonstration devices. This achievement marks a significant milestone in China's Space exploration efforts, showcasing advancements in reusable satellite technology.
The Science Robert
A study links hearing loss in older age to an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, with effective management through hearing aids potentially mitigating this risk. In the South Australian outback, palaeontologists have discovered one of Earth's earliest life forms, dating back 550 million years. Meanwhile, a new study warns that up to 33% of frog and toad habitats could become arid by the century's end due to climate change. Additionally, a Gallup poll reveals a significant drop in support for childhood vaccinations in the US, raising concerns about herd immunity.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 129
*First Evidence of a Volcanic Splatocone on Mars
Scientists have identified what appears to be the first evidence of a volcanic splatter cone on Mars, similar to those found on Earth. This discovery, led by Ian Flynn from the University of Idaho, sheds light on the volcanic processes of the red planet. The presence of splatter cones, which form under specific conditions, provides new insights into Martian volcanology and the dynamics of volcanic eruptions.
*Volcanic Moon Around a Distant Exoplanet?
A new study suggests the presence of a volcanic exomoon orbiting the exoplanet WASP 49 b, located 635 light years away. The discovery is based on a sodium cloud detected near the planet, resembling the volcanic activity seen on Jupiter's moon Io. This potential exomoon could offer a new perspective on moons outside our solar system, although further observations are needed to confirm its existence.
*Sun Reaches Solar Maximum
The sun has reached the solar maximum of its 11-year cycle, marking a peak in solar activity. This period is characterised by increased sunspots and Space weather events, impacting satellites, communication systems, and power grids on Earth. NASA's Parker Solar Probe is set to make its closest approach to the sun, providing valuable data to understand solar weather at its source.
The Science Robert
A new study finds that the rise in human life expectancy is slowing down. Research reveals that even low-risk alcohol consumption is linked to higher mortality in older adults with health or socioeconomic risk factors. Thawing permafrost may accelerate Arctic riverbank erosion, and Australia's proposed misinformation bill raises concerns about freedom of speech and censorship.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 128
*Dating the Moon's Oldest Impact Crater
Scientists have pinpointed the edge of the massive South Pole-Aitken Basin, the largest and oldest known impact crater on the Moon, dating it to over 4.32 billion years old. By analysing a lunar meteorite, researchers have concluded that this impact site is around 120 million years earlier than the previously believed intense period of impact bombardment. These findings provide a clearer picture of the Moon's early impact history and have implications for understanding Earth's early conditions.
*Recreating the Sound of Earth's Magnetic Polar Flip
With evidence suggesting that Earth's magnetic poles are about to flip, scientists have recreated what they believe could be the sound of this event. Earth's magnetic field, vital for life, is generated by the planet's molten outer core. The recreated soundscape provides an audio insight into the geomagnetic reversals, which occur roughly every 250,000 years, with the last flip occurring 770,000 years ago.
*X-37B Space Shuttle's Pioneering Aero Braking Manoeuvre
The United States Space Force's X-37B Space shuttle has completed a novel aero braking manoeuvre to adjust its orbital flight path. This technique allows the spacecraft to safely eject service module components, preventing them from becoming Space junk. The operation marks a first for the X-37B, which continues its classified missions involving radiation experiments and space domain awareness technology testing.
The Science Report
A new study indicates an increase in deaths following extreme rain events, with heart-related and respiratory deaths notably rising. A review highlights the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet for young people, linked to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Engineers have developed energy-efficient bricks using waste materials, offering potential cost savings and reduced environmental impact. Concerns grow over data privacy as consumer advocacy groups reveal the extent of data collection by car manufacturers.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 127
*SpaceX's Starship's Fifth Test Flight Success
SpaceX's Starship has completed its fifth test flight with a spectacular feat of engineering, successfully catching the super heavy booster with mechanical chopsticks on the launch pad tower. The booster, equipped with 33 Raptor engines, returned to Earth after a successful launch from SpaceX's Starbase in Texas, showcasing the potential for rapid reuse and interplanetary missions. The test flight marks a significant step towards developing Starship for NASA's Artemis III mission, aiming for a manned moon landing in 2026.
*Origins of Earth's Meteorites Uncovered
A new study reveals that most meteorites reaching Earth originate from just three major asteroid breakup events. The findings, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics and Nature, identify the Karin, Koronis, and Massalia asteroid families as the sources of 70% of meteorite falls. These discoveries enhance our understanding of asteroid collisions in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter and help trace the origins of over 90% of meteorites on Earth.
*NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Launches
NASA's Europa Clipper mission has embarked on its journey to explore Jupiter's icy moon Europa. Launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, the spacecraft will investigate Europa's subsurface ocean and potential habitability. The mission will conduct 49 flybys, using its suite of scientific instruments to study the moon's icy shell, composition, and geology. Europa Clipper aims to determine if conditions on Europa could support life, building on data from NASA's Galileo mission.
The Science Robert
New research indicates that high temperatures and air pollution are contributing to a global increase in stroke cases, with significant rises in stroke-related deaths since 1990. A study warns that the H5N1 bird flu virus is spreading in the US through dairy cows, primarily via udder infections during milking. Additionally, a report suggests that teenage relationships influence life satisfaction in adulthood, highlighting the importance of social acceptance and close friendships during adolescence. Meanwhile, the Cancer Council of Western Australia faces scrutiny for promoting pseudoscientific therapies like Reiki and reflexology, raising concerns about their endorsement of unproven treatments.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 126
*NASA's Parker Solar Probe Completes 21st Philip of the Sun
NASA's Parker Solar Probe has achieved its 21st close encounter with the Sun, matching its previous distance and speed records. The spacecraft swooped to within 7.26 million kilometers of the solar surface at a record speed of 635,300 km/h. This flyby sets up the probe for its final closest approaches, with its orbit shaped by a Venus gravity assist. The mission, launched in 2018, aims to study the Sun's corona and the solar wind, unraveling the mysteries of solar phenomena that impact the solar system.
*Webb Space Telescope Finds Potential Missing Link to First Stars
Astronomers using NASA's Webb Space Telescope have identified a galaxy with an unusual light signature that could be a missing link in galactic evolution. The galaxy, found approximately a billion years after the Big Bang, features gas outshining its stars, possibly due to massive, hot stars. This discovery offers insights into the transition from the universe's first stars to more familiar galaxies, providing a glimpse into the early cosmic environment.
*Perseverance Rover's Key Science Instrument Robert
NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars has regained the use of its critical Sherlock instrument after a six-month effort. The spectroscope, crucial for detecting organics and assessing habitability, had malfunctioned in January. The successful repair allows the rover to continue its mission of analyzing Martian rocks and soil for signs of past life and understanding the planet's geological history.
The Science Robert
A new study suggests that caffeine consumption may improve heart health by aiding vascular growth. Another study reveals increasing plant cover in Antarctica, linked to climate change. Research highlights how people often form opinions without sufficient information, contributing to conflicts. Lastly, a study confirms that astrologers perform no better than chance in predicting character or future events.
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 126, for broadcast on 18 October 2024
00:00:30 - NASA's Parker solar probe completes 21st close encounter with the sun
00:03:08 - The Parker solar probe is touching the sun for the first time
00:08:32 - Galaxy with unusual light signature attributed to gas outshining stars
00:12:00 - NASA scientists have successfully brought a key science instrument back online on Mars
00:14:51 - A new study has shown that consuming more caffeine may improve your heart health
00:17:01 - New study shows people are biased to assume they know enough about situations
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 125
*Discovery of the Most Distant Spiral Galaxy
Astronomers have identified the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen, named REBELS 25. This galaxy, observed as it was 13.1 billion years ago, challenges current models of galaxy formation with its orderly spiral structure, despite being from an era when the universe was just 700 million years old. The discovery, made using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile, offers new insights into the early universe and the evolution of galaxies.
*Record-Breaking Mantle Rock Recovery
Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking recovery of rocks from Earth's mantle, the planet's largest component. The 1268-meter-long section of mantle rock, retrieved from the Atlantic's mid-ocean ridge, provides new insights into the mantle's role in Earth's geological processes. The findings, published in Science, reveal unexpected levels of melting and composition, offering clues to the origins of life and volcanic activity.
*Launch of ESA's Hera Asteroid Mission
The European Space Agency's Hera mission has launched from Cape Canaveral, just ahead of Hurricane Milton. Hera will conduct a detailed study of the Didymos asteroid system, following NASA's successful Dart mission. The mission aims to enhance our understanding of asteroid deflection techniques, which could be crucial for planetary defense.
The Science Report
A new, highly transmissible Covid-19 variant, XEC, has been detected in Australia. The variant, a recombinant of two Omicron subvariants, is spreading rapidly and has been reported in 29 countries.
A consumer advocacy group reveals that car manufacturers are collecting and sharing extensive data from vehicles, raising privacy concerns.
A study finds that deactivating Facebook can improve well-being but may reduce political knowledge.
AMD's new AI chips set new standards for processing speed, outperforming competitors with their advanced capabilities.
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00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 125 for broadcast on the 16 October 2024
00:00:47 - Astronomers have discovered the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen
00:03:14 - Scientists have recovered long section of rocks that originated in the Earths mantle
00:11:26 - NASA spacecraft to study asteroid Dimorphos and its tiny moon Didymos
00:13:56 - More than 35,000 asteroids pose a threat to Earth
00:18:45 - Hera will take two years to reach the asteroid system after launch
00:24:32 - New highly transmissible variant of the Covid-19 virus has been detected in Australia
00:27:29 - New study finds deactivating Facebook accounts reduces political knowledge
00:31:05 - spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday through various podcasting platforms -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 124
*Galaxies: Bigger Than We Ever Imagined
Recent findings suggest that galaxies are far larger than previously thought, with gaseous halos extending much further into intergalactic space. This study, published in Nature Astronomy, focuses on the circumgalactic medium of a starburst galaxy 270 million light-years away. These halos, accounting for about 70% of a galaxy's mass excluding dark matter, may already be interacting with neighboring galaxies like Andromeda and the Milky Way. The research offers fresh insights into galaxy evolution, gas cycling, and the cosmic web.
*Ancient Microbes Found in Billion-Year-Old Rocks
Scientists have discovered living microbes in 2 billion-year-old rocks from South Africa's Bushveld Igneous Complex. This groundbreaking find, published in Microbial Ecology, represents the oldest known living microorganisms. The study utilized advanced imaging techniques to confirm the microbes were native to the ancient rock, offering a glimpse into early life on Earth and potential clues for extraterrestrial life on Mars.
*Vulcan Centaur Rocket's Successful Launch
The United Launch Alliance's new Vulcan Centaur rocket overcame a faulty booster to successfully place its payload into orbit. Despite the anomaly, the mission proceeded from Cape Canaveral, marking an important step towards using Vulcan for high-priority payloads. This launch follows Vulcan's maiden voyage and highlights the transition from older Atlas V and Delta IV rockets.
The Science Report
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 124 for broadcast on the 14 October 2024
00:00:48 - New study finds that galaxies are much larger than previously thought
00:06:25 - Galaxy is 270 million light years away and is a star bursting galaxy
00:17:18 - United Launch Alliance's Vulcan rocket has overcome a faulty strap on booster
00:22:12 - The 2024 Nobel Prizes for Science were awarded this week
00:24:56 - A new study finds two diametrically opposed personalities enjoy magic the most
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 123
*Discovery of a New Region within the Earth's Core
Scientists have uncovered a doughnut-shaped region within Earth's molten liquid outer core, located at low latitudes parallel to the equator. This torus-like zone was detected due to seismic waves travelling slower through this area compared to the rest of the liquid outer core. The discovery, published in Science Advances, suggests that this region could be several hundred kilometres thick and contains a high concentration of light chemical elements, which may be affecting the seismic wave speeds. The findings provide new insights into the Earth's magnetic field and its potential future changes.
*Fresh Questions about the True Origins of the Earth's Moon
A new hypothesis challenges the widely accepted giant impact theory of the Moon's formation. The study proposes that the Moon was captured during a close encounter between the young Earth and a separate terrestrial binary planetary system. This theory could explain the Moon's current orbital plane, more aligned with the sun's ecliptic than Earth's equator. The study opens the door to further exploration of the Moon's origins, especially considering its chemical similarities to Earth.
*New Study Reveals More Secrets about Pluto's Binary Partner, Charon
NASA's Webb Space Telescope has revealed that Charon, Pluto's binary partner, has significant reserves of carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on its surface. The carbon dioxide ice forms a thin veneer over a water ice-rich subsurface. The study, published in Nature Communications, suggests that the carbon dioxide was likely stored beneath the surface until exposed by impacts, while hydrogen peroxide results from radiation breaking apart water ice. These findings add to the understanding of Charon's chemical composition and its geological history.
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 123 for broadcast on 11 October 2024
00:00:46 - Scientists have detected a new doughnut shaped region within the Earth's molten liquid core
00:12:31 - A new study has come up with a different hypothesis to explain the origin of the moon
00:17:46 - NASA's Webb Space Telescope reveals vast reserves of carbon dioxide on Pluto's surface
00:21:19 - People with type two diabetes who sleep short may develop microvascular disease
00:24:23 - Movie producers claim they've accidentally captured footage of a lake monster
00:27:23 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 122
*The Sun's Most Powerful Solar Flare in Over a Decade
The Sun has unleashed its most powerful solar flare in more than a decade, with a spectacular X9.1 class event. This massive solar flare, part of a pair that erupted just two days apart, was detected by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory. The event sparked strong G3 class geomagnetic storms, causing auroral activity to reach mid-latitudes and triggering deep shortwave radio blackouts. Solar flares, like this one, can have significant impacts on Earth's atmosphere, communications, and power grids.
*Ceres: A Former Ocean World?
New research suggests that the dwarf planet Ceres may have once been an ocean world. The study, published in Nature Astronomy, indicates that Ceres has a dirty icy crust, suggesting a past filled with muddy oceans. Computer simulations reveal that the crust may contain up to 90% ice, challenging previous assumptions of a drier Ceres. The findings are based on data from NASA’s Dawn mission, which observed surface features like volcanoes and glaciers.
*NASA's Europa Clipper Mission
NASA’s Europa Clipper mission is set for launch to explore Jupiter's ice-covered moon, Europa. The mission aims to investigate the moon's potential for life, with a suite of nine scientific instruments on board. These tools will study Europa's icy crust, subsurface ocean, and surface composition. The spacecraft will perform 49 flybys of Europa, gathering data to help scientists understand the moon’s habitability and its potential for hosting life.
00:00:00 - The sun unleashes its most powerful solar flare in more than a decade
00:00:27 - The sun has just emitted its most powerful solar flare in more than a decade
00:04:35 - New study claims dwarf planet Ceres may once have been an ocean world
00:14:34 - NASA's Europa Clipper mission is looking for life on icy moon Europa
00:19:58 - New figures show 47,000 people suffered heat related deaths across Europe last year
00:22:33 - Microsoft will release a new update for Windows 11 next month with AI features
00:25:46 - Outlook reminds you you haven't added your attachment yet
00:26:56 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcast providers
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 121
*A New Planet Discovered Orbiting Barnard's Star
Astronomers have discovered a new exoplanet orbiting Barnard's Star, the closest single star to the Sun. This newly found planet, Barnard b, has about half the mass of Earth and completes an orbit around its host star every three Earth days. Located 5.96 light-years away, Barnard's Star is a small red dwarf in the constellation Ophiuchus. The discovery was made using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and has sparked interest due to its low mass and proximity to its star. The study also hints at the existence of three more potential exoplanets in the system, although additional observations are needed for confirmation.
*ESA's Hera Mission Launch
The European Space Agency's Hera mission is set to launch, aimed at exploring the aftermath of NASA's DART mission impact on the asteroid Dimorphos. The mission will provide detailed analysis of the impact site and the asteroid's composition, mass, and structural changes. Hera will also deploy two cubesats, Milani and Juventus, to perform close-up observations and experiments. The mission is crucial for understanding how to protect Earth from potential asteroid threats in the future.
*Spectacular Annular Solar Eclipse
A stunning annular solar eclipse, known as a "ring of fire," has been witnessed by people across the eastern and southern Pacific, as well as parts of South America. The eclipse, which occurs when the Moon is slightly further from Earth, left a bright ring of sunlight visible around the Moon's silhouette. The event was best viewed from Easter Island and parts of Argentina and Chile, with partial views seen in other regions including Bolivia, Peru, and New Zealand.
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 121, for broadcasts on 7 October 2024
00:00:47 - Astronomers have discovered a planet orbiting Barnard star, the closest single
00:04:48 - European Space Agency's Hera planetary defence mission slated for launch today
00:08:40 - NASA's Dart spacecraft crashed into the dimorphos asteroid in 2022
00:12:11 - The people of the east and South Pacific and South America witnessed an annual solar eclipse
00:14:07 - Scientists have developed a new drug delivery system for type two diabetes
00:17:02 - Women are turning to psychics to find out if their husbands are cheating
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 120
*Planet Earth Just Got a Second Moon
Planet Earth has temporarily acquired a second moon, a tiny near-Earth asteroid named 2024 PTS. Captured by Earth's gravitational field on September 29, this 10-metre wide Space rock will remain in orbit until November 25, making it one of only five known mini moons. Discovered by the Atlas asteroid terrestrial impact last alert system, 2024 PTS belongs to the Arjuna asteroid group and is too small to be seen with the naked eye but can be observed through a telescope.
*Mars' Missing Atmosphere Could Be in Its Crust
A new study suggests Mars' missing atmosphere could be hiding in plain sight within the planet's crust. The research, published in the journal Science Advances, posits that ancient water on Mars may have reacted with the planet's ultramafic igneous rocks to form smectite clays, trapping carbon dioxide and converting it into methane. This process could account for up to 80% of Mars' initial atmosphere, providing a potential future energy source for human missions.
*Record Stay Aboard the International Space Station
Two Russian cosmonauts have returned to Earth after a record-breaking 374-day stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Their mission marks the longest continuous time spent on the ISS by any humans. The pair, along with an American astronaut who spent six months on the station, landed safely in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz MS-25 capsule. The current ISS crew includes eight members, with some scheduled to return to Earth in February next year aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule.
00:00:00 " New study claims Mars could be hiding its missing atmosphere in plain sight
00:00:27 " The asteroid 2024 PTS was temporarily captured by Earth on September 29
00:04:35 " A new study claims the missing martian atmosphere could be hiding in the crust
00:10:54 " Two Russian cosmonauts have landed safely on Kazakhstan steppe
00:12:18 " October is the last day of the month celebrated as All Hallows Eve
00:15:37 " Astronomers describe stars in terms of spectral types based on temperature
00:24:33 " October has three great meteor showers, the draconids, the Taurids
00:29:40 " October is a great time to start stargazing
00:34:42 " October is the best time of year to see many southern constellations
00:36:30 " In the evening we've got Venus and Saturn above the western horizon
00:38:47 " Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 119
*Australian Crater Offers Fresh Insights into Earth's History
Scientists have uncovered a potential 600-kilometre-wide crater in Australia's outback, which could revolutionise our understanding of Earth's geological past. This discovery, presented at the 37th International Geological Congress in South Korea, suggests the existence of Mapix, a massive Cambrian-Precambrian impact structure. The crater's unique characteristics could provide new insights into the geological and biological evolution of our planet. The study's authors have found significant geological evidence, including pseudotachylite breccia and shock minerals like lonsdaleite, supporting the age, size, and location of this impact structure.
*Perseverance Rover Discovers Striped Rock on Mars
NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has spotted an unusual black and white striped rock on the Red Planet. The discovery was made during the rover's exploration of the outer rim of Jezero Crater. The rock, named Freya Castle, has a striking pattern and is unlike anything previously observed on Mars. Early interpretations suggest that igneous and metamorphic processes could have created its distinctive stripes. This finding adds to the variety of intriguing rocks discovered by the rover, which could be among the oldest or youngest ever investigated on Mars.
*Blue Origin's New Glenn Completes Second Stage Hot Fire Test
Blue Origin's new heavy-lift rocket, the New Glenn, has successfully completed a hot fire test of its second stage booster. This critical test at Cape Canaveral's Space Launch Complex 36 marks a key step towards the rocket's inaugural test flight, scheduled for next month. The NG-1 mission will carry the prototype Blue Ring spacecraft, designed for refuelling, transporting, and hosting satellites. The 15-second hot fire test demonstrated the integrated operation of the vehicle's BE-3U engines and various subsystems, setting the stage for future missions.
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00:00 - This is spacetime series 27 episode 119 for broadcast on 2 October 2024
00:49 - Scientists have discovered a possible crater stretching more than 600 kilometres across Australia's outback
02:54 - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has discovered an unusual striped rock
05:46 - The Mars Perseverance rover is exploring ancient Martian rocks
10:59 - Researchers have found nanostructures around deep ocean hydrothermal vents
12:57 - 61% of Americans admit to self censoring, according to study
15:09 - Meta showing off their new Orion augmented reality glasses; Huawei releasing threefold phones
19:16 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting services -
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 118
*Dark Matter May Be Experiencing Forces Beyond Gravity
A groundbreaking new study suggests that dark matter, the elusive substance making up 85% of the universe's matter, may interact through forces other than gravity. Using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers have found that dark matter particles might experience additional forces, providing crucial new insights into their nature. The findings challenge the long-held collisionless cold dark matter model, opening new avenues for understanding the universe's most perplexing component.
*Rare Naked Eye Comet Visible from Earth
Skywatchers have a unique opportunity to witness the rare comet C/2023 A3 (Shushani Atlas) with the naked eye. Discovered by the Purple Mountain Observatory and the Atlas system, this comet is currently visible just before sunrise near the eastern horizon. On an 80,000-year journey from the Oort cloud, it is expected to become even brighter after passing close to the Sun, potentially reaching a magnitude of 2.5.
*Humans on Mars by 2028?
Former US President Donald Trump has announced an ambitious plan to send humans to Mars by 2028, eight years ahead of current schedules. This bold statement comes as Trump hints at discussions with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to use the company's Starship for the mission. While the Artemis programme aims to return humans to the Moon by 2026, Trump's proposal could significantly accelerate human exploration of the Red Planet.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 117
*The Biggest Black Hole Jets Ever Seen
Astronomers have detected the largest pair of black hole jets ever observed, stretching an astounding 23 million light years. Named Porphyron, this jet megastructure dates back to when the universe was just 6.3 billion years old. The discovery, published in the journal Nature, suggests that these colossal jets had a significant impact on galaxy formation during the universe's early epochs.
*NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Ready for Launch
All systems are go for next month's launch of NASA's Europa Clipper mission, set to study the oceans of Jupiter's ice moon, Europa. The spacecraft will be launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket and will undertake a series of 49 close flybys to determine if Europa's subsurface ocean could be habitable.
*Iran Tests Another Nuclear Capable Missile
In defiance of United Nations resolutions, Iran has tested a new medium-range ballistic missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The launch of the Karam 100 missile is part of Tehran's ongoing efforts to develop its nuclear weapons delivery systems.
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SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 116
*Discovery of More Black Holes Than Expected in the Early Universe
A new study using the Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered a significantly higher number of supermassive black holes in the early universe than previously anticipated. Published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, the findings could revolutionise our understanding of how these ancient black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. Astronomers, including Alice Young from Stockholm University, suggest that these massive black holes might have originated from the collapse of massive gas clouds or through rapid mergers of smaller stellar-mass black holes.
*New Volcano Spotted on Jupiter's Moon Io
Astronomers have discovered a new volcano on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, using the Junocam instrument aboard NASA's Juno mission. Io, the most geologically active object in the solar system, boasts over 400 active volcanoes. The newly discovered volcano, located just south of Io's equator, was identified in the first close-up images of Io in over 25 years. The images reveal multiple lava flows and volcanic deposits, with sulphur staining on the eastern side and dark lava streams on the western side.
*Confirming the Mass of the W Boson
Scientists at CERN have confirmed the mass of the W boson, a fundamental particle in physics, to be 80,360.2 mega electron volts, with a margin of error of 9.9 mega electron volts. This confirmation resolves a previous unexpected measurement and aligns with the Standard Model of particle physics. The study utilised data from the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider, involving the analysis of millions of events to achieve this precise measurement.
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This week’s guests include: Alice Young from Stockholm University
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