Folgen

  • 25 years ago the Edwards Dam was removed from the Kennebec River in Maine allowing alewives and sturgeon to return to their spawning grounds in force, revitalizing the ecosystem and delighting the paddlers and local communities with the sturgeons’ explosive breaching displays. In the summer of 2024, 2 separate source to sea trips ran the lengths of the Sandy and Kennebec in Maine. Contributing host Clark Tate was part of the Sandy trip and tells the on river story of both source to sea trips.


    CONTRIBUTING HOST
    Clark Tate
    @lclarktate

    RIVERS FOR CHANGE
    @riversforchange
    www.riversforchange.org
    2024 Sandy to Kennebec Confluence



    GUESTS

    Stuart Hickey, raft guide
    @freeheelinghickey

    Jessica Sterling, kayak instructor and web designer
    @jester1ing

    Chris Morgan
    @ccmorgan8

    Jennifer Noll
    Maine Department of Marine Resources

    Saige Purser
    @saigelinsay
    River Radius Podcast - Native Teen Guide In Training Program

    Joe Klementovich, Photographer
    @klementovich klementovichphoto.com
    River Radius Podcast - Source to Sea on the Saco River

    Matt Palmariello
    @mattpalmariello
    www.mainepaddling.com

    Amy Borch, Tattoo artist
    @amy.wildhand
    @melontrout.tattoo

    Eli Studer, Tattoo artist
    @elistudertatto
    www.elistudertatto.com

    SPONSORS

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    @nissanusa

    Over It Raft Covers
    @overitraftcovers
    promo code, free shipping: riverradius

    SANDY RIVER INFORMATION

    Sandy River Northern Forest Canoe Trail Map

    Environmental Geology Along the Sandy River, Farmington Maine, Field Trip from University of Maine at Farmington. Dr. Tom Eastler, Mr. Andy Buckland, Mr. Joel Sproul

    Indigenous Land and Water Acknowledgement by the University of Maine at Farmington

    The Rangeley Area: A Geologic Tour by Emma Stattelman and Katarina Dickson

    SEA-RUN FISH INFORMATION

    Finding the Next Sebasticook - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    Map of Atlantic SalmonHabitat - Maine Department of Marine Resources

    Kennebec River Management Plan Diadromous Resources Amendment - Maine Department of Marine Resources

    Historical Fish Trap Counts - Maine Department of Marine Resources

    KENNEBEC DAM RELICENSING INFORMATION

    Draft Environmental Impact Statement

    The written comments are posted on the FERC elibrary website under docket P-2322.

    World weighs in on fate of 4 Maine dams blocking passage of endangered salmon - Bangor Daily News by Lori Valigra

    Conservation groups cheer decision preserving state authority in Kennebec River dam relicensing - Maine Public by Robbie Feinberg

    DEP says Sandy River dredging violated Maine laws - Maine Public by Murray Carpenter

    4 dams, the future of Kennebec fish runs and salmon’s survival at stake in federal licensing battle - Press Herald, Colin Woodard

    State agencies are reporting more salmon returning to the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers this Year (2023) - Maine Public by Robbie Feinberg

    We Can Turn a River in Maine into a Paradise for Salmon - The New York Times by John Waldman

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • In the summer of 2024, the Chilcotin River in British Columbia had a landslide that completely blocked the river creating a natural dam. For the next 6 days the river water backed up behind this dam until the waters finally worked over the top the of the landslide, creating a breach that would exceed the previous historical flows by 5 fold. 3 people share their experience and knowledge of the landslide in this episode.


    EPISODE GUESTS

    TŜILHQOT’IN National Government
    Jenny Philbrick, Executive Director
    State of Local Emergency Declared for Tŝilhqot’in Territory due to Tŝilhqox (Chilcotin River) Landslide
    Tŝilhqot’in National Government initiating Emergency Salmon Task Force

    ROAM Rivers, Oceans and Mountains
    Brian McCutcheon


    British Colombia Ministry of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship
    Natasha Cowie, Hydrologist, River Forecast Centre

    TIME LAPSE IMAGES OF LANDSLIDE AND BREACH & other info on landslide
    Scroll down to "Timelapse..."

    YOU TUBE VIDEOS

    Short: "...helicopter view of landslide..."

    Short: "...building washed away..."

    Landslide breach video

    "Water begins moving past landslide damming Chilcotin River"

    River Radius Instagram and Facebook has videos also.
    Links below.


    EPISODE SPONSORS

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Fehlende Folgen?

    Hier klicken, um den Feed zu aktualisieren.

  • Why have cases of reported bat encounters at the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon drastically increased in the last several years? What are the chances of contracting rabies from a bat encounter? How is the safety of helicopter crews wrapped up in the physical location of a bat encounter? What does the vaccination process look like? In this episode, we utilize the personal story of a river runner's bat bite in the Grand Canyon, the expert perspectives of 2 ecologists, a CDC rabies expert, and the woman who oversees Search and Rescue in the Grand Canyon to provide insight into that real bat encounter that played out in the fall of 2023.


    GUESTS

    Beppe Amodio
    Brandon Holton
    Anya Metcalfe
    Dr. Ryan Wallace
    Lisa Hendy


    RESOURCES

    Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2022
    Bat Citizen Science in the Grand Canyon
    Radiolab episode on Rabies
    Novartis Pharmaceuticals Patient Assistance Program
    Grifols Patient Assistance Program
    RX Assist


    SPONSORS

    River Management Society
    Instagram
    Facebook
    2025 Symposium

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Working as a commercial river guide is one of the best jobs, day after day on rivers, helping people enjoy rivers, seeing beauty, having fun, chasing adrenaline. Creating incredible friendships, some of which might last a lifetime. And there can be a dark layer. Sexual Harassment continues to percolate, as it does in many places, in the layers of river guide culture. This episode goes there and learns about sexual harassment in the river guiding culture. We talk with Dr Maria Blevins, long time river guide, who has conducted research on this topic. We hear from guide warehouse and staff manager, Bryant Baker, about how he is working to eliminate sexual harassment from the company he manages. And we talk with Respect Outside and Jim Miller to gain clarity about sexual harassment definitions, when sexual harassment is assault, how and why it percolates in river guiding, and resources available for guide companies to shake free of sexual harassment.

    SPONSORS

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    Over It Raft Covers
    @overitraftcovers
    promo code, free shipping: riverradius

    GUESTS

    Dr Maria Blevins
    University of Utah
    Paddling Magazine article by Dr Blevins

    Bryant Baker

    Jim MIller
    Respect Outside
    Sexual Harassment Trainings


    RESOURCES

    A-DASH website
    Instagram
    Facebook
    You Tube

    Strand Squared Solutions

    Engage Coaching & Consulting

    EEOC
    US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
    Harassment



    GRAND CANYON RIVER DISTRACT

    Men's Journal: Rough Water: A River Guide Tells Her Side of the Story

    High Country News: Grand Canyon park's 15 year failure on sexual harassment
    High Country News: Grand Canyon abolishes river district in response to sexual harassment allegations

    Outside Magazine: Hostile Environment
    Outside Magazine: The Woman Ending Sexual Harassment at the Grand Canyon

    Huffpost: Out Here, No One Can Hear You Scream

    US Dept of Interior: Investigative Report of Misconduct at the Grand Canyon River District

    SEXUAL HARASSMENT & ASSUALT IN ROCK CLIMBING

    New York Times: Rock Climber Gets Life in Prison for Sexual Assault
    Climber Convicted on all Three Counts of Sexual Assualt

    Safe Outside / American Alpine Club

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • SPONSORS

    American Whitewater
    instagram
    facebook

    American Rivers
    instagram
    facebook

    NRS
    instagram
    facebook

    High Desert Life Outdoors
    instagram
    facebook

    Free Flow Institute
    instagram
    facebook

    KSJD Community Radio
    instagram
    facebook

    GUEST

    Kevin Fedarko
    A WALK IN THE PARK
    Order the book
    Audio Book
    THE EMERALD MILE


    Pete McBride
    While Pete is not a formal guest of these episodes, he is part of the journey. Here is his work from the same journey.
    Book: THE COLORADO RIVER: Chasing Water
    Film: INTO THE CANYON. TWO FRIENDS. 750 MILES

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • SPONSORS

    American Whitewater
    instagram
    facebook

    American Rivers
    instagram
    facebook

    NRS
    instagram
    facebook

    High Desert Life Outdoors
    instagram
    facebook

    Free Flow Institute
    instagram
    facebook

    KSJD Community Radio
    instagram
    facebook

    GUEST

    Kevin Fedarko
    A WALK IN THE PARK
    Order the book
    Audio Book
    THE EMERALD MILE

    Pete McBride
    While Pete is not a formal guest of these episodes, he is part of the journey. Here is his work from the same journey.
    Book: THE COLORADO RIVER: Chasing Water
    Film: INTO THE CANYON. TWO FRIENDS. 750 MILES

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • As snow is melting and running down rivers across the US, this episode talks with hydrologists at 5 regions of the National River Forecast Center to gain perspectives on how much snow and rain fell over the winter and how it will melt and what the rivers will look like this spring and summer. We focus on the Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, California, some of Nevada, and the Colorado River Basin.


    SPONSORS

    ROCKY TALKIE
    5 Watt Radio, Waterproof
    Discount Code 10% off: RIVERRADIUS10
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Youtube


    PADDLE WAYS
    Download the Paddle Ways app on your phone, then go to the Paddle Ways website with discount link here and subscribe there to gain the discount
    Use Discount Code 25% off: RADIUS
    Paddle Ways Instagram

    NRS
    Instagram


    GUESTS

    National River Forecast Center

    Northeast River Forecast Center, NERFC
    Ron Horwood

    Southeast River Forecast Center, SERFC
    Todd Hamill

    California Nevada River Forecast Center, CNRFC
    Brett Whitin

    Northwest River Forecast Center, NWRFC
    Amy Burke

    Colorado Basin River Forecast Center, CBRFC
    Ashley Nielson

    PREVIOUS EPISODE
    2023 Western Snowpack & River Flow


    THUMBNAIL PIC
    Taylor from Walker Knives

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Dams have been blocking rivers for decades. Is there a growing crack in the dam? This episode explores dam removal as an increasing trend. We talk with guests at the Chattooga River and Tugalo Dam, the Snake River and the Lower Snake River Dams, and the Klamath River and the active removal project there. And we look at the trends globally for dam construction and removal.

    SPONSORS
    Paddle Ways
    Download the Paddle Ways app on your phone, then go to the Paddle Ways website with discount link here and subscribe there to gain the discount
    Use Discount Code 25% off: RADIUS
    Paddle Ways Instagram

    NRS
    Instagram

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    GUESTS
    Chattooga Conservancy
    Nicole Hayler
    Chattooga River

    Grand Salmon Project
    Libby Tobey
    Snake River

    Klamath River Renewal Corporation
    Ren Brownell
    Klamath River

    International Rivers
    Josh Klemm

    PREVIOUS EPISODES ON SAME TOPICS

    Klamath 1: The Origins of Paddle Tribal Waters
    Klamath 2: The Next Generation of Paddle Tribal Waters

    Salmon 1: Mountain Origins
    Salmon 2: Big Dam Problems & Solutions
    Salmon 3: Fighting Salmon Extinction Real Time

    THUMBNAIL PIC
    Copco 2 Dam deconstruction on Klamath River, June 2023
    Credit: Shane Anderson, Swiftwater Films

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Each year American Rivers publishes a list of 10 rivers that hold great opportunity for river quality improvements. This year, in addition to covering the full list with Amy Kober of American Rivers, we talk with local experts to include the ocean surfers at the Tijuana River estuary in California, the river lovers at the Duck River in Tennessee, and the high desert river people overseeing the entire state of New Mexico. We hear about the unique rivers and the work happening to care for these places.

    SPONSORS

    ROCKY TALKIE
    5 Watt Radio, Waterproof
    Discount Code 10% off: RIVERRADIUS10
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Youtube


    AED ONE STOP SHOP discount landing page

    GUESTS

    American Rivers
    2024 Most Endangered Rivers Report
    Instagram
    Facebook


    Tijuana River
    Un Mar de Colores
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Ramon Chairez (no socials)

    Rivers of New Mexico
    Amigos Bravos
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Rachel Conn
    @rlconn

    Duck River
    Harpeth Conservancy
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Grace Stranch
    @birdhandgrace


    PREVIOUS RIVER RADIUS EPISODES ON AMERICAN RIVERS 10 MOST ENDANGERED LIST

    10 Rivers for 2023

    10 Rivers for 2022

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • SPONSORS

    Down River Equipment
    Instagram
    Facebook

    AED One Stop Shop discount landing page

    GUESTS

    John Amodio
    Facebook
    Linkedin: John Amodio

    Kevin Fedarko
    Instagram
    Facebook

    Vicki Ozaki

    Leonel Arguello

    Dave Van De Mark

    CONTRIBUTING HOST
    Samara Rosen

    RESOURCES

    Navigating Ecological Transformation: Resist–Accept–Direct as a Path to a New Resource Management Paradigm

    Sierra Club Oral History Project: John Amodio

    More Than Luck - Vicki Oazaki, Kin to the Earth

    Redwood National Park Expansion, Woodstock, Earth Day, and the Kent State Massacre

    Coming Full Circle: How Parks Are Using Conventional Tools in New Ways to Restore Imperiled Forests

    WILDERNESS & WILDLIFE: Leonel Arguello

    The Emerald Mile

    Martin Litton

    Local Photography Legend Who Helped Establish Redwood National and State Parks Sets Out to Complete His Life’s Work

    Activist and photographer Dave Van de Mark treks to the upper reaches of Redwood Creek to document how its conservation has impacted its ecological condition

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Kevin Fedarko’s book, the Emerald Mile, takes readers on the journey of the fastest ride through the Grand Canyon in a dory named the Emerald Mile. Fedarko’s book dives into the backstory of the dam, the characters, and even the record-breaking journey, and yet leaves one question remaining: what is the backstory of the dory’s namesake? In this 1st of 2 Emerald Mile episodes, the stories of Fedarko and Dave Van De Mark demonstrate the impact that words and imagery make when applied to places like the Emerald Mile in California’s Redwood National and State Parks.

    SPONSORS

    Down River Raftopia April 6
    Down River Equipment
    Instagram
    Facebook

    Rocky Talkie
    5 Watt Radio, Waterproof
    Discount Code 10% off: RIVERRADIUS10
    Instagram
    Facebook
    Youtube

    GUESTS

    Kevin Fedarko
    Instagram
    Facebook

    Dave Van De Mark

    Vicki Ozaki

    Leonel Arguello

    RESOURCES

    The Emerald Mile

    Outside Magazine Kevin Fedarko Archives

    When & How The Emerald Mile Came To Be A Critical Part of the Original Redwood National Park

    Local Photography Legend Who Helped Establish Redwood National and State Parks Sets Out to Complete His Life’s Work

    Activist and photographer DaveVandeMark treks to the upper reaches of Redwood Creek to document how its conservation has impacted its ecological condition

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Atmospheric Rivers are bands of water vapor in the sky, sometimes a few thousand miles long, bringing winter moisture to the west coast of North America and delivering it all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes flies research planes above these storms all winter tracking the details and forecasting the coming storm and this episode hosts their director to learn about Atmospheric Rivers.

    SPONSORS

    Down River Equipment
    Raftopia 2024 Sales Event
    Instagram
    Facebook

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    GUESTS

    Marty Ralph
    Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography
    University of California San Diego

    AR short video (great graphic diagram)

    Thumbnail pic credit: Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • American Whitewater published their Top 10 List of Stewardship issues in January 2024. This is a mix of dam removal projects, legislation and policy pushes, Wild and Scenic options, all encompassed in the work from American Whitewater to keep rivers clean and accessible. This episode is an interview Kevin Colburn from American Whitewater learning about each river on this list and the positive end goals.

    SPONSORS

    AED One Stop Shop

    Over It Raft Covers
    @overitraftcovers


    GUESTS
    American Whitewater Website
    @americanwhitewater
    Facebook
    AW Membership
    @kevincolburn42

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • The river guiding and river running world are sometimes perceived as idyllic and welcoming. When is it something different? Our guest today is an openly gay man, and he share’s his story of working as a river guide and guide company manager for the past decade and how some of that is idyllic, and other parts are full of discrimination.

    SPONSORS
    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    @nissanusa
    www.nissanusa.com

    AED ONE STOP SHOP
    Volume and Outfitter Discounts

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • The Mountain Hydrology Lab at West Virginia University has defined the density of whitewater river runs in the United States and cross referenced this data with how climate change will alter those flows, and how changes in river flows, to include low flows and floods, will impact the people living along those rivers. This episode talks at length with the Director of the Mountain Hydrology Lab, who is also a stout river kayaker, Associate Professor Nicolas Zegre about this work his students are doing, how West Virginia has the most dense collection of whitewater runs, and where students can gain excellent river based educations.

    EPISODE SPONSORS

    AED One-Stop Shop

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram


    EPISODE GUESTS

    Nicolas “Nico” Zegre, Associate Professor Forest Hydrology
    Mountain Hydrology Lab
    West Virginia University
    Instagram

    A note from Prof. Nico Zegre about the research work:
    “sincerest gratitude to whitewater boater and recent graduate student of the MHL, Melissa “Mel” Shafer, who conducted the future boatable days analysis for the lower 48 states”

    ORGANIZATIONS FROM EPISODE

    Friends of the Cheat
    @cheatriverfriends

    WV Rivers
    @wvrivers

    Highland Outdoors
    Facebook

    River Management Society River Studies & Leadership Certificate
    @rivermgtsociety

    Climate Central
    @climatecentral

    Center For Resilient Communities


    EPISODE CO-HOST

    Dylan Penick
    River Company Outfitters
    Instagram
    Tik Tok

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • In the first episode of 2024, a commercial river guide tells his story of having a massive heart attack while guiding a trip in May of 2023 on the South Fork of the American River in California. This episode is recorded with an audience of river guides and outfitters. Beyond the story is the question of the role of AEDs in commercial river guiding.

    SPONSORS
    AED One-Stop Shop Bulk Order Discount

    Covered With Carrie website

    CONFERENCE
    American Outdoors Association
    Instagram

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • There are numerous authors and media professionals doing work to explore river topics. To close out the 2023 river and podcast year, this episode hosts two of the best. Heather Hansman is an author writing books and magazine articles. Teal Lehto, a.k.a., “Western Water Girl” is a social media content creator. We talk through their respective crafts, leadership in river conservation and trending topics.

    SPONSORS
    Covered with Carrie

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    GUESTS
    Heather Hansman
    Website
    Instagram
    Link Tree

    Teal Lehto
    Instagram
    Tik Tok

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • The Klamath River 2nd episode. In the Spring of 2025, a group of teenagers from several Tribal Nations of the Klamath River Basin and greater region will descend the newly undammed Klamath River from source to sea. These teens began learning how to kayak in 2022 and 2023, began learning about river policy and fish science, and are bringing their family stories to the river with them. In the summer of 2023 The River Radius spent a week with these young paddlers on the water and on the microphone capturing their story.

    SPONSORS
    NRS LEAD Program
    NRS website
    NRS Instagram
    Mighty Arrow Foundation
    Virga Foundation
    American Whitewater @americanwhitewater


    GUESTS
    Students of PTW
    Danielle Frank, aka Ducky, Instagram, Vogue Magazine interview
    Rios To Rivers Instagram
    Paddle Tribal Waters
    Klamath River Renewal Corporation, Ren Brownell


    FURTHER CONTENT
    Upper Klamath Lake
    Klamath River
    Klamath Dams
    Fish Kill
    Story Map: History of Klamath Irrigation
    Klamath River Renewal
    Dam Removal News
    LA Times

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • After 100 years of dams stagnating the flows of the Klamath River and killing the Salmon runs, a group of teenagers from the tribal nations of the Klamath Basin will paddle the Klamath from source to sea to usher in the post-dam Klamath. In this 1st of 2 episodes on the topic, the founders of Rios to Rivers & Paddle Tribal Waters explain how their own paddle experiences and time travel, brought the inception of this powerful passage.


    SPONSORS
    NRS @nrsweb
    Mighty Arrow Foundation
    Virga Foundation
    American Whitewater @americanwhitewater


    GUESTS
    Ashia Grae Wolf Wilson Rios to River bio
    Paul Robert Wolf Wilson Instagram Rios to River bio
    Weston Boyles Instagram Instagram Rios to River bio
    Rios To Rivers Instagram
    Paddle Tribal Waters


    FURTHER CONTENT
    Upper Klamath Lake
    Klamath River
    Klamath Dams
    Fish Kill
    Story Map: History of Klamath Irrigation
    Klamath River Renewal
    Dam Removal News
    LA Times

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree

  • Payson Kennedy at 39 was a career academic, and with his wife Aurelia had four kids, a house, and two cars in Atlanta. After working on the stunt team for the film Deliverance in 1971 and a summer running a raft company, he and his wife decided to leave it all behind and with a good friend, started the Nantahala Outdoor Center. Today, 50 years later, the Nantahala Outdoor Center is one of the most important and successful river guide operations and instruction schools in the river world.

    SPONSORS

    Denver Area Nissan Dealers
    Instagram

    Over it Raft Covers
    Instagram
    Promocode for free shipping: riverradius

    GUESTS
    Payson Kennedy
    Int'l Whitewater Hall of Fame
    Books

    Nantahala Outdoor Center, NOC
    Instagram
    Wikipedia
    History of NOC

    LINKS

    Deliverance

    The Flow State

    Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

    Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

    THE RIVER RADIUS

    Website

    Instagram

    Facebook

    Apple Podcast

    Spotify

    Link Tree